12 Stat. 279.

army.

infantry

1. There shall be added to the regular army, as now authorized by law, nine regi- 29 July 1861 31. ments of infantry, one regiment of cavalry and one regiment of artillery; each regiment of infantry to consist of not less than two nor more than three battalions, as the exigencies Increase of the of the public service may, in the opinion of the president of the United States, demand; each battalion to consist of eight companies; each company to consist of one captain, one Organization of first and one second lieutenant, one first sergeant, four sergeants, eight corporals, two regiments. musicians and as many privates, not exceeding eighty-two, as the president of the United States may, according to the requirements of military service, direct. The regiment of Cavalry. cavalry hereby authorized shall consist of not more than three battalions of not more than two squadrons each; and each squadron shall consist of two companies, each company to be composed of one captain, one first and one second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one quartermaster-sergeant, four sergeants, eight corporals, two musicians, two farriers, one saddler, one wagoner, and as many privates, not exceeding seventy-two, as the president of the United States may, according to the requirements of the military service, direct. The regiment of artillery hereby authorized shall consist of not more Artillery. than twelve batteries; and each battery shall consist of one captain, one first and one second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one quartermaster-sergeant, four sergeants, eight corporals, two musicians, two artificers, one wagoner, and as many privates, not exceeding one hundred and twenty-two, as the president of the United States may, according to the requirements of the military service, direct. And there may be added to the aforesaid battery organization, at the discretion of the president, having due regard to the public necessities and means, one first and one second lieutenant, two sergeants and four corporals.

Ibid. 22.

2. The field and staff commissioned and non-commissioned officers of the regiments herein before authorized shall be as follows: To each regiment of infantry, one colonel, Field and staff one lieutenant-colonel, one regimental adjutant, one regimental quartermaster and com- officers. missary, one drum-major, or leader of the band, and two principal musicians; and to each battalion of infantry, one major, one battalion adjutant, one battalion quartermaster Infantry. and commissary, one sergeant-major, one quartermaster-sergeant, one commissarysergeant and one hospital steward; the regimental and battalion adjutants, and quartermasters and commissaries, to be taken from the lieutenants of the regiments and battalions, respectively: To the regiment of cavalry, one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, Cavalry. one regimental adjutant, one regimental quartermaster and commissary and two chief buglers; and to each battalion of cavalry, one major, one battalion adjutant, one battalion quartermaster and commissary, one sergeant-major, one quartermaster-sergeant, one commissary-sergeant, one hospital steward, one saddler-sergeant, and one veterinarysergeant; the regimental adjutant and the regimental and battalion quartermasters and commissaries to be taken from the lieutenants of the regiments and battalions, respectively: To the regiment of artillery, one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, one major to Artillery. every four batteries, one adjutant, one regimental quartermaster and commissary, to be taken from the lieutenants of the regiment, one sergeant-major, one quartermastersergeant, one commissary-sergeant, two principal musicians and one hospital steward;

29 July 1861. and the bands of the regular regiments shall consist of not more than twenty-four musicians for each regiment of infantry and artillery, and sixteen musicians for each regiment of mounted troops.

Ibid. 3.

3. There shall be added to the army of the United States the following general officers, General officers namely, four major-generals, with three aides-de-camp each, to be taken from captains or lieutenants of the army, and six brigadier-generals, with two aides-de-camp each, to be taken from the lieutenants of the army.

and aides-de

camp.

Ibid. 4. Pay and allow

ances.

Regimental bands.

Ibid. 5.

4. The officers and enlisted men raised in pursuance of the foregoing sections shall receive the same pay, emoluments and allowances, and be on the same footing, in every respect, with those of corresponding grades and corps now in the regular service. The regimental bands will be paid as follows: one-fourth of each, the pay and allowances of sergeants of engineer soldiers; one-fourth, those of corporals of engineer soldiers; and one-half, those of engineer soldiers of the first class. The drum-major, or leader of the band, the pay and emoluments of a second lieutenant of infantry. The saddler-sergeants, veterinary-sergeants, company quartermaster-sergeants and drum-majors, will receive the pay and allowances of sergeants of cavalry. The battalion adjutant and battalion quartermasters and commissaries will receive the emoluments now provided by law for regimental adjutants.

5. The term of enlistments made and to be made in the years 1861 and 1862, in the Term of service. regular army, including the force authorized by this act, shall be for the period of three years, and those to be made after January 1, 1863, shall be for the term of five years, as at present authorized, and the men enlisted in the regular forces after the first day of July 1861 shall be entitled to the same bounties in every respect as those allowed or to be allowed to the men of the volunteer forces. (a)

Bounties.

Ibid. 26. 6. The increase of the military establishment created or authorized by this act is When army to be declared to be for service during the existing insurrection and rebellion; and within reduced to peace one year after the constitutional authority of the government of the United States shall standard. be re-established, and organized resistance to such authority shall no longer exist, the military establishment may be reduced to a number not exceeding twenty-five thousand men, unless otherwise ordered by congress.

Ibid. 27.

Mode of reduction.

Ibid. 28. Enlistments.

Regular officers

may be detailed

for duty in volun

teer regiments.

3 Aug. 1861

12 Stat. 287.

Additional inspectors-general. Surgeons and assistants. Adjutant-gener

7. The president of the United States shall cause regiments, battalions and companies to be disbanded, and officers, non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates to be discharged, so as to reduce the military establishment as is provided by the preceding section: Provided, That all of the officers of the regular army who have been or may be detached or assigned to duty for service in any other regiment or corps shall resume their positions in the regular army, and shall be entitled to the same rank, promotion, and emoluments as if they had continued to serve in their own regiments or corps.'

8. The enlistments for the regiments authorized by this act shall be in charge of the officers detailed for that purpose who are appointed to said regiments from civil life, and in the mean time the officers appointed to the same from the regular army shall be detailed by the commanding general to such service in the volunteer regiments now in the field as will in his judgment give them the greatest military instruction and efficiency; and the commanding general may in his discretion employ said officers with any part of the regular forces now in the field until the regiments authorized by this act shall have been fully recruited, and detail any of the officers now in the regular army to service with the volunteer regiments now in the field, or which may hereafter be called out, with such rank as may be offered them in said volunteer regiments, for the purpose of imparting to them military instruction and efficiency.

2. 9. That the president be and is hereby authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, in addition to the number authorized by existing laws and in accordance with existing regulations, five assistant inspector-generals, with the rank and pay of majors of cavalry, ten surgeons and twenty assistant surgeons, to have the pay, rank and allowances, and perform the duties of similar officers in the present milials department. tary establishment. That hereafter the adjutant-general's department shall consist of the following officers, namely: one adjutant-general, with the rank, pay and emoluments of a brigadier-general; one assistant adjutant-general, with the rank, pay and emoluments of a colonel of cavalry; two assistant adjutant-generals, with the rank, pay and emoluments each of a lieutenant-colonel of cavalry; four assistant adjutantgenerals, with the rank, pay and emoluments each of a major of cavalry; and twelve assistant adjutant-generals, with the rank, pay and emoluments each of a captain of Subsistence de cavalry; and that there shall be added to the subsistence department four commissaries of subsistence, each with the rank, pay and emoluments of a major of cavalry; and

partment.

(a) See infra 134, 160. The act 11 July 1862 3 3, 12 Stat. 535, also secures to the widow and heirs of soldiers who enlisted after the 1st July 1861 and during 1862, the same bounties as are se

cured to the widows and heirs of volunteers by the act 22 July 1861, 6, infra 135.

eight commissaries of subsistence, with the rank, pay and emoluments each of a captain of cavalry, and to be taken from the line of the army, either of the volunteers or regular army.

3 Aug. 1861.

12 Stat. 318.

10. The president of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint two additional 6 August 1861 4. inspectors-general for the United States army; said inspectors-general to have the same rank and receive the same pay and allowances as now provided by law for inspectors- Additional ingeneral.

spectors-general.

12 Stat. 318.

11. The president of the United States is hereby authorized to appoint two additional 6 August 1861 ? 3. inspectors-general of the United States army, to have the same rank and receive the same pay and allowances as now provided by law for inspectors-general.

12. That the president be and he is hereby authorized to establish and organize army corps according to his discretion.

17 July 18629. 12 Stat. 598.

Ibid. 10.

13. Each army corps shall have the following officers and no more attached thereto, who shall constitute the staff of the commander thereof: one assistant adjutant-general, Organization of one quartermaster, one commissary of subsistence, and one assistant inspector-general, army corps. who shall bear respectively the rank of lieutenant colonel, and who shall be assigned from the army or volunteer force by the president. Also three aides-de-camp, one to bear the rank of major, and two to bear the rank of captain, to be appointed by the president, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, upon the recommendation of the commander of the army corps. The senior officer of artillery in each army corps shall, in addition to his other duties, act as chief of artillery and ordnance at the headquarters of the corps.

II. CAVALRY.

12 Stat. 289.

Regiments of

14. The two regiments of dragoons, the regiment of mounted riflemen and the two 3 Aug. 1861 ? 12. regiments of cavalry shall hereafter be known and recognised as the first, second, third, fourth and fifth regiments of cavalry respectively; the officers thereof to retain their present relative rank, and to be promoted as of one arm of service, according to existing ganized. law and established usage and regulation.

cavalry or

12 Stat. 599.

cavalry regi

15. The cavalry forces in the service of the United States shall hereafter be organ- 17 July 1862 ? 11. ized as follows: each regiment of cavalry shall have one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, three majors, one surgeon, one assistant surgeon, one regimental adjutant, one regi- Organization of mental quartermaster, one regimental commissary, one sergeant-major, one quarter- ments. master-sergeant, one commissary-sergeant, two hospital stewards, one saddler-sergeant, one chief trumpeter [and one chief farrier or blacksmith], and each regiment shall consist of twelve companies or troops, and each company or troop shall have one captain, one first lieutenant, one second lieutenant and [one supernumerary second lieutenant], one first sergeant, one quartermaster-sergeant, one commissary-sergeant, five sergeants, eight corporals [two teamsters], two farriers or blacksmiths, one saddler, one wagoner, and seventy-eight privates; the regimental adjutants, the regimental quartermasters and regimental commissaries to be taken from their respective regiments: Provided, That vacancies caused by this organization shall not be considered as original, but shall be filled by regular promotion.

16. Hereafter each regiment of cavalry organized in the United States service, may 6 Jan. 1863 2 1. have two assistant surgeons, and each company or troop of cavalry shall have from

sixty to seventy-eight privates.

12 Stat. 634.

12 Stat. 737

grades.

17. The grades created in the cavalry forces of the United States by section eleven of 3 March 1863 337. the act approved 17 July 1862, and for which no rate of compensation has been provided, shall be paid as follows, to wit: regimental commissary the same as regimental quar- Pay of certain termaster; chief trumpeter the same as chief bugler; saddler-sergeant the same as regimental commissary-sergeant; company commissary-sergeant the same as company quartermaster-sergeant: Provided, That the grade of supernumerary second lieu- Certain grades tenant, and two teamsters for each company, and one chief farrier and blacksmith for others estab each regiment, as allowed by said section of that act, be and they are hereby abolished; and each cavalry company may have two trumpeters, to be paid as buglers; and each regiment shall have one veterinary surgeon, with the rank of a regimental sergeantmajor, whose compensation shall be seventy-five dollars per month.

III. ENGINEERS.

abolished and

lished.

11 Stat. 333.

18. That the superintendent of the military academy, while serving as such by 12 June 1858 21. appointment of the president, shall have the local rank, the pay and allowances of a colonel of engineers: that the commandant of the corps of cadets at the military Rank and pay of superintendent, academy, while serving as such by appointment of the president, shall have the local &c., of military rank, the pay and allowances of a lieutenant-colonel of engineers, and besides his other academy. duties, shall be charged with the duty of instructor in the tactics of the three arms at said academy; and that the senior assistant instructor in each of the arms of service,

12 June 1858.

3 August 1861 23. 12 Stat. 287.

Ibid. 24. Additional companies of engi neer soldiers.

Ibid. 28.

Cadets not to be reappointed, except on recom

mendation of the academic board.

Oath of cadets.

6 August 1861 31. 12 Stat. 317.

Ibid. § 2.

Company of topographical engi

neers.

6 August 1861 31. 12 Stat. 318.

Ibid. 22. Topographical engineers.

3 March 1863 2 1. 12 Stat. 743.

Organization of engineer corps.

Ibid. 2.

Rank.

Ibid. 3. Promotions.

viz. of artillery, cavalry and infantry, shall severally receive the pay and allowances of the assistant professor of mathematics.

19. There shall be added to each of the corps of engineers and topographical engineers three first and three second lieutenants, to be promoted thereto in accordance with the existing laws and regulations.

20. There shall be added to the corps of engineers three companies of engineer soldiers, to be commanded by appropriate officers of said corps, to have the same pay and rations, clothing and other allowances, and be entitled to the same benefits in every respect as the company created by the act for the organization of a company of sappers and miners and pontoniers, approved May 16th (15th) 1846.(a) The said three companies shall be subject to the rules and articles of war; shall be recruited in the same manner and with the same limitations; shall be instructed in and perform the same duties, and be liable to serve in the same way, and shall have their vehicles, pontoons, tools, implements, arms and other supplies, regulated in the same manner as the existing engineer company; and each of the four companies of engineer soldiers shall hereafter be composed of ten sergeants, ten corporals, two musicians, sixty-four privates of the first class, or artificers, and sixty-four privates of the second class, in all one hundred and fifty men cach.

21. No cadet who has been or shall hereafter be reported as deficient, either in conduct or studies, and recommended to be discharged from the academy, shall be returned or reappointed, or appointed to any place in the army before his class shall have left the academy and received their commissions, unless upon the recommendation of the academic board of the academy: Provided, That all cadets now in the service, or here after entering the military academy at West Point, shall be called on to take and subscribe the following oath: "I, A. B., do solemnly swear that I will support the constitution of the United States, and bear true allegiance to the national government; that I will maintain and defend the sovereignty of the United States paramount to any and all allegiance, sovereignty or fealty I may owe to any state, county or country whatsoever; and that I will at all times obey the legal orders of my superior officers, and the rules and articles governing the armies of the United States." And any cadet or candidate for admission who shall refuse to take this oath shall be dismissed from the service.

22. There shall be added to each of the corps of engineers and topographical engineers, by regular promotion of their present officers, two lieutenant-colonels and four majors.

23. There shall be added to the corps of topographical engineers one company of soldiers, to be commanded by appropriate officers of said corps, to have the same pay and rations, clothing and other allowances, and to be entitled to the same benefits in every respect as the company created by the act for the organization of a company of sappers and miners, and pontoniers, approved May 16th (15th) 1846.(b) The said company shall be subject to the rules and articles of war, and shall have the same organization as the companies of engineer soldiers attached to the corps of engineers.

24. There shall be added to each of the corps of engineers and topographical engineers, by regular promotion of their present officers, two lieutenant-colonels and four majors.

25. There shall be added to the corps of topographical engineers one company of sol diers, to be commanded by appropriate officers of said corps, to have the same pay and rations, clothing and other allowances, and to be entitled to the same benefits in every respect as the company created by the act for the organization of a company of sappers and miners, and pontoniers, approved May 16th (15th) 1846.(b) The said company shall be subject to the rules and articles of war, and shall have the same organization as the companies of engineer soldiers attached to the corps of engineers.

26. The corps of topographical engineers, as a distinct branch of the army, is hereby abolished, and from and after the passage of this act is merged into the corps of engineers, which shall have the following organization, viz.: one chief engineer, with the rank, pay and emoluments of a brigadier-general, four colonels, ten lieutenant-colonels, twenty majors, thirty captains, thirty first lieutenants, and ten second lieutenants.

27. The general officer provided by the first section of this act shall be selected from the corps of engineers as therein established; and officers of all lower grades shall take rank according to their respective dates of commission in the existing corps of engineers or corps of topographical engineers.

28. No officer of the corps of engineers below the rank of a field-officer shall hereafter be promoted to a higher grade before having passed a satisfactory examination before a board of three engineers senior to him in rank; and should the officer fail at said examination, he shall be suspended from promotion from [for] one year, when he shall be