c. 15. written or printed in legible characters, and fixed 7 & 8 VICT. on moveable boards (each particular notice being signed by the occupier of every factory or his agent), shall be hung up in the entrance of the factory, where they may be easily read by the persons employed in the factory, and in such other places as the inspector or sub-inspector of the district may direct, and whence they shall not be removed while the factory is at work; and in case any such abstract of the Factory Act as amended by this Act, or notice, shall become illegible in any part, the occupier of the factory shall cause a new copy thereof to be provided and hung up as aforesaid; but the notice of lost time need not remain after the whole of the lost time intended to be recovered shall have been recovered (a); and every notice required to be hung up shall be in the forms and according to the directions given in the Schedule (C.) (b) here unto annexed. XXIX. And be it enacted, that every child Children who shall have completed his eighth (c) year, and may be shall have obtained the surgical certificate required factories at employed in (a) But all notices of time lost and recovered, except when they are kept hung up in the factory, as required by this Act, must be preserved in a book in the order of their respective dates, and be open for the examination of any inspector or sub-inspector; and be kept for six calendar months after the lost time entered therein shall have been recovered; sch. (C.), post. (b) Post. For the penaltics recoverable for breach of the provisions of this section, see s. 64, infra. (c) The minimum age, under the Factory Act, 1833, was nine years; 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 103, s. 7; ante, p. 17. Eight years is also the minimum age under the Workshop Regulation Act, 1867 (30 & 31 Vict. c. 146), s. 6; post. For the penalties for employing or allowing to be employed any child under the statutable ages, see ss. 56, 57, infra. c. 15. 7 & 8 VICT. by this Act of having completed his eighth year, may be employed in a factory in the same manner and under the same regulations as children who have completed their ninth year (d); but no child under eight years of age shall be employed in any factory (e) eight years of age. Time of children's work. XXX. And be it enacted, that no child shall be employed (f) in any factory more than six hours and thirty minutes (g) in any one day, save as hereinafter excepted (h), unless the dinner (d) The minimum age, under the Factory Act, 1833, was nine years; 3 & 4 Will. 4, c. 103, s. 7; ante, p. 17. And see n. (c), supra. (e) Some variations have been made by the later Factory Acts with respect to the ages at which children may be lawfully employed in certain trades and manufactures. Thus, in the employment of fustian cutting, no child can commence work until the attainment of the age of eleven years; 27 & 28 Vict. c. 48 (The Factory Acts Extension Act, 1864), s. 6, sub-s. 5; post. In glass factories, no boy under the age of twelve years, and no female can be employed in any part thereof in which the process of melting or annealing glass is carried on; 30 & 31 Vict. c. 103 (The Factory Acts Extension Act, 1867), s. 7, sub-s. 2; post. No child under the age of eleven years can be employed in grinding in the metal trades; id., sub-s. 3. Lastly, in the manufacture of bricks and tiles, not being ornamental tiles, no child under ten years of age can be employed; 34 & 35 Vict. c. 104 ("The Factory and Workshop Act, 1871"), s. 5; post. (f) See the definition of "employment," s. 73, infra; and see the Factory Act, 1833, s. 24, as to allowing children to remain on the premises beyond the prescribed limits of time; ante, p. 30. (g) This is instead of the nine hours under the Factory Act, 1833, s. 8; ante, p. 18. (h) This refers to the exceptions in the latter part of this section, to the working on alternate days under s. 31, and to the recovery of lost time under s. 33; infra. c. 15. s. 30. time (i) of the young persons in such factory shall 7 & 8 VICT. begin at one of the clock, in which case children beginning to work in the morning may work for seven hours in one day; and no child who shall have been employed in a factory before noon of any day shall be employed in the same or any other factory, either for the purpose of recovering lost time or otherwise, after one of the clock in the afternoon of the same day (j), save in the cases when children may work on alternate days, or in (i) As to the hours of meal-times, see s. 36, infra. (j) If children are employed, it will be found necessary to employ two sets; one set working until dinner time, but not later than one o'clock, and going to school in the afternoon; the other set going to school in the morning, and commencing work after dinner, or not earlier than noon; or they may be employed for 10 hours per day on alternate days, attending school for five hours on alternate days; provided the hours of work of the young persons and women in the factory be also restricted to 10 hours per day, and provided notice in writing of such arrangement be given to the inspector; s. 31, infra. The registers of children required to be kept under the Factory Acts must distinguish between the morning and afternoon sets of children; see sch. (B.); post. Nothing in the Factory Act, 1853, is to be construed to authorise the employment of children in any factory for any longer time in any day than is authorised under the Factory Act, 1833, and the Factory Act, 1844, save so far as the same authorise the employment of children between any other hours of the day than are limited by that Act; 16 & 17 Vict. c. 104, s. 4; post. But a modification as to the time of children's daily labour has been introduced by the Factory Acts Extension Act, 1867, whereby where in any blast-furnace, iron mill, foundry, or paper mill, the process in which a child is employed is in an incomplete state at the hour at which such child is required to cease work, such child may be employed for a period not exceeding thirty minutes beyond the said hour; 30 & 31 Vict. c. 103, sch., par. 18; post. So, in 7 & 8 VICT. silk factories (k) more than seven hours in any one day, as hereinafter provided (1). c. 15. How chil employed on three alternate days of the week. XXXI. And be it enacted, that in any factory dren may be in which the labour of young persons is restricted (m) to ten hours in any one day it shall be lawful to employ any child ten hours in any one day on three alternate days of every week, provided that such child shall not be employed in any manner in the same or in any other factory on two successive days, nor after half-past four of the clock in the afternoon of any Saturday (n): Provided always, that the parent or person having direct benefit from the wages of any child so employed shall cause such child to attend some school for at least five hours between the hours of eight of the clock in the morning and six of the clock in the afternoon of the same day on each week day preceding each day of employment in the factory, unless such preceding day shall be a Saturday, when no school attendance of such child shall be required: Provided also, that on Monday in every week after that in the case of print works, and bleaching and dyeing works; 33 & 34 Vict. c. 62, 1st sch., par. 2; post. (k) This refers to the provision in s. 72, infra, allowing children above eleven years of age, "employed solely in the winding and throwing of raw silk," to work for 10 hours per day; but now see 13 & 14 Vict. c. 54, s. 7, which puts them on the same footing in all respects as young persons, repealing s. 72 of this Act; post. (1) For the penalties for employing children contrary to the provisions of this section, see ss. 56, 57, post. (m) That is, restricted by the occupier of the factory, not restricted by law. (n) No child can now, as a general rule, be employed after two o'clock on Saturday afternoon, for any purpose; 16 & 17 Vict. c. 104, s. 1; post. c. 15. which such child began to work in the factory, or 7 & 8 VICT. any other day appointed for that purpose by the inspector of the district, the occupier of the factory shall obtain a certificate from a schoolmaster, according to the form and directions given in the Schedule (A) (o) to this Act annexed, that such child has attended school as required by this Act; but it shall not be lawful to employ any child in a factory more than seven hours in any one day, until the owner of the factory shall have sent a notice in writing (p) to the inspector of the district of his intention to restrict the hours of labour of young persons in the factory to ten hours a day, and to employ children ten hours a day; and if such occupier of a factory shall at any time cease so to employ children ten hours a day he shall not again employ any child in his factory more than seven hours in any one day until he shall have sent a further notice to the inspector in the manner hereinbefore provided (9). be employed XXXII. And be it enacted, that no female Women to above the age of eighteen years shall be employed as young in any factory save for the same time and in the persons. same manner as young persons may be employed (0) See post. (p) This notice must be hung up in the entrance of the factory pursuant to s. 28, supra. (q) The provision of this section is now extended, to authorise in print works, and bleaching and dyeing works, in which the labour of young persons is restricted to ten and a half hours a day, the employment of children for ten and a half hours a day on three alternate days of every week, subject to the conditions specified in this Act; 33 & 34 Vict. c. 62 (The Factory and Workshop Act, 1870), 1st sch., par. 5; post. For the penalties for employing, &c., a child in breach of this provision, see ss. 56, 57. |