20th May. Punishment by flogging for plundering and violently assaulting each other.

30th Symptoms of mutiny among the convicts.

31st Received a letter from W. E. Taylor, requesting me to send for him as soon as possible, as he had something to commu nicate to me privately of the utmost importance. I immediately sent for him, when he informed me, that John George Munns had that morning come to him at the hospital very early, before he or the other convicts were out of bed, and told him privately that there was a conspiracy formed to murder him (W. E. T.) to prevent his giving any alarm, and then to murder me, and all who would not assist them to secure the ship, and run her into South America. That ROBERT HUGHES and Thomas Jones were at the head of it, and it was their intention to carry it into effect the first time the ship was in a squall. In consequence of this information, the following memorandum was given by me to W. E. T. in the form of a protection, to be shown to such men as he could trust. As two-thirds

of the convicts are the most depraved and desperate of characters, and robust athletic men, in order to prevent their taking any alarm, and assassinating in the prison during the night, as they had threatened to do, or at any future period, however distant, those convicts who should divulge their wicked intentions, every necessary precaution was privately taken, until the ringleaders could all be discovered, and safely secured without violence. Mem. "Dr Thom"son will thank W. E. Taylor and other well-disposed men to be on their guard, and, if possible, to get such evidence as will en"able Dr T. to act against the malcontents. Dr T. promises pro"tection, and his best services with the governor of New South "Wales, to such men as may appear to him to deserve it." Some of the soldiers had heard in prison what induced them to expect soon to be employed against the convicts. This they reported to

Dr Thomson.

1st June. Hughes, for assaulting Daniel Dean, was secured and double-ironed on deck under a sentry. Munns applied for protection from being strangled or assassinated as was threatened. He gave the names of those principally concerned; Robert Hughes, (always the first), Thomas Jones, William Brown, James Hawkes, and James Norman. Jones gave himself up, observing, he was not the first bullock that had been sold, and hoped he would have a fair trial. He was double-ironed and handcuffed. Brown, Hawkes, and Norman, were all handcuffed, and placed under the sentries. Other arrangements followed for safety. Crew armed with cutlasses, &c.

29th September. Landed at Sidney. Court of inquiry on 24; Robert Hughes, Thomas Jones, &c.

1

We have not seen the evidence on the trial, but are informed that the facts of the conspiracy, and the shocking de

pravity of the mode of the intended murders, were proved beyond all doubt, and that the share each person had in the matter was in very close accordance with the notandum of character affixed to each name by Mr De Ville. Hughes was especially marked by him as a person capable of ruthless murder and deep-laid plots. We have not seen, Mr De Ville's memorandum, but subjoin with great pleasure Dr Thomson's letter to Mr Wardrop.

Extract from a Letter of G. Thomson, Esq., Surgeon of the Ship England, to James Wardrop, Esq.

Sydney, October 9, 1826.

"I have to thank you for your introduction to De Ville and Phrenology, which I am now convinced has a foundation in truth, and beg you will be kind enough to call on Dr Burnett, whom I have requested to show you my journal, at the end of which is Mr De Ville's report, and my report of conduct during the voyage; and likewise to the depositions against some of the convicts, who you, with your usual tactus eruditus, discovered would give me some trouble during the voyage, and I think the perusal of them will make you laugh, as they were going to rip up the poor doctor like a pig. De Ville is right in every case except one, Thomas Jones; but this man can neither read nor write, and, being a sailor, he was induced to join the conspiracy to rise and seize the ship, and carry her to South America, being informed by Hughes, the ringleader, that he would then get his liberty. Observe how De Ville has hit the real character of Hughes, and I will be grateful to De Ville all my life; for his report enabled me to shut up in close custody the malcontents, and arrive here not a head minus, which, without the report, it is more than probable I would have been. All the authorities here have become Phrenologists, and I cannot get my journals out of their offices until they have perused and reperused De Ville's report, and will not be in time, I am afraid, to send them by the Fairfield."

We cannot conclude without bestowing a well-deserved encomium on Mr De Ville, for so cheerfully undertaking and so skilfully performing a task from which all but a zealous Phrenologist would have shrunk with a mingled feeling of disgust and fear. We regret that the details in the Logbook are so meagre, and that Dr Thomson has not sent home extracts from the evidence on the trials.

!

ARTICLE XII.

PHRENOLOGY IN GERMANY.

(From a Foreign Correspondent.)

Ar a time when certain physicians in England, who believe themselves sage and learned, strive to stop the progress of the new philosophy of mind in Great Britain, it is curious to ob serve the steps with which it advances every where in Europe, as well as in other parts of the world. Although the science arose in Germany, it was subsequently almost forgotten there. This was not to be wondered at, when we consider that Drs Gall and Spurzheim, in later years, only published in the English and French languages, and that the direction which the philosophy of mind has taken in Germany is quite opposite to the rules which Phrenology, founded on experience, lays down. But it is to be remarked, that the truly learned and scientific men of Germany never spoke of Gall's doctrine but with esteem, and with that respect due to all scientific-investigations; and such is still the case. Though circumstances are unfavourable to Phrenology in that country, yet more attention has now begun to be bestowed on it. Dr Otto's Danish work on Phrenology has been favourably re, viewed in "Hecker's Annalen," "Gerson's and Julius' Magazin," and "Hufeland's Bibliothek." At the university

of Berlin they have begun to make Phrenology an object of inaugural dissertations, which is proved by the following tract, edited 1826, " De Cerebellum inter et Systema Geni"talium Sympathia, auct. T. P. Reimbold," in which the author adduces numerous facts to prove that the phrenological opinion of the function of the cerebellum is true. The celebrated Dr Froriep has, in his journal "Notizen aus dem "Gebiete der Natur. u. Heilkunde" (one of the best in Germany), communicated several translations of phrenological papers published in England. In the excellent journal of Dr Nasse," Zeitschrift für die Anthropologie" (Psychological Journal), Phrenology is now frequently again spoken of; nay, the sagacious Dr Amelung has lately (in the first number for 1826), in a very acute paper on Insanity, adduced opinions and views which, he himself confesses, are founded on observations of the Phrenologists. Farther, Hufeland, in Berlin, undoubtedly one of the first scientific medical men of Germany, and Vogel, in Rostock, a most ingenious author, have recently paid a just tribute to the science.

Hufeland* speaks thus:-" It is with great pleasure and in"terest that I have heard the worthy man (Dr Gall) himself lec"ture upon his new doctrine, and I am perfectly convinced that "he ought to be reckoned amongst the most remarkable phenomena "of the 18th century, and his DOCTRINE AMONGST THE GREAT

"EST AND THE MOST IMPORTANT IMPROVEMENTS OF THE NA

"TURAL SCIENCES. It is necessary to see and hear himself in "order to acknowledge a man equally far from all charlatanism, "falsehood, and transcendental enthusiasm! Endowed with a "rare degree of talent for observation, of sagacity and philoso"phical judgment; grown up in the lap of nature, he has ob"served a vast multitude of phenomena in the whole field of organic beings, which before were not at all or only superfi"cially known; he has united them with ingenuity, found their "analogical relations, drawn conclusions from them, and deter"mined truths, which are of the greatest value, just because "they are drawn from the source of experience and daily life. "Nobody has been so decided an opponent of Dr Gall's doctrine "as I, and now, after having fully satisfied myself of the profundity "of his intellect, and of the palpable truth of his science, I have

• Vide Bischoff's Darstellung der Gall'shen Lehre, p. 117.

"been obliged to believe in it. Upon the whole, I agree entirely "with Gall, that the spiritual part of our nature acts by the 66 means of organs; that this material condition for the exercise " of mind not only is necessary as to its grosser, but also as to "its finer functions; that the brain is the organ of the mind; " and that there is great probability for supposing that, as the "external senses have their peculiar organs in the brain, so "must also the internal have theirs."

Vogel expresses himself in this manner: "True it is, that "the most palpable facts prove Dr Gall to be a most distin"guished dissector of the brain, a sagacious observer of men " and human actions, an ingenious philosopher, and a firm friend "of truth. True it is, that Gall, by a great quantity of experi❝ments, instituted before the eyes of the highest authorities, "has procured for his doctrine esteem and attention, and that "this science, by every opportunity, deserves to be tried and ap"plied."

ARTICLE XIII.

OUTLINES of PHRENOLOGY; being also a MANUAL of REFERENCE for the MARKED BUSTS. By G. SPURZHEIM, M.D. With a Frontispiece. London: Treuttel, Wurtz, and Richter, - 30, Soho Square. 1827, pp. 100, price 2s. 6d.

THIS little work is designed to accompany the busts marked with the phrenological organs. It is brief, comprehensive, and perspicuous, and will prove highly convenient and useful to incipient students of Phrenology.

Section first treats of the general principles of Phrenology; section second, of the special faculties of the mind; and section third, of the usefulness of Phrenology.

The following is mentioned as the "Best manner of studying Phrenology."

"SELF-CONVICTION depends on self-observation. Whoever, "therefore, wishes to form an opinion concerning the reality of

• Ein Beitrag zur Gerichtsartzlichen Lehre von der Zurechnungs fahigkeit Stendal, 1825, p. 91.