CHAPTER V. — p. 11.

First voyage of Columbus.

With how many vessels, did Columbus undertake his first voyage

to the new world? Names ? With how many men?

For how long, were they victual led? One year.

Whole expense? About 4000 pounds sterling.

Value of a pound sterling? Four dollars and 44 cents.

Value of 4000 pounds sterling? In what year, was this voyage?

Month and day?
Day of the week?

From what port, did he sail? Where is Palos? In Spain, very near the S. E. corner of Portugal.

Which way from Jamestown? Exactly east.

Where did Columbus expect to land? In India.

At what islands, did he at first touch?

Which way are the Canaries

from Palos?

To which quarter of the world, are the Canaries nearest ?

From which of the Canaries, did he take his departure? Gomera. In what direction?

How were many of the sailors affected, when they lost sight of the Canaries? They wept and smote their breasts, fearing they should never see land again.

How did Columbus comfort them? By the prospect of vast wealth.

From whom, did Columbus conceal the progress, that he made? From the sailors.

Why? To prevent their being distressed with the idea of being so far from home.

With what wonderful appearance were they greatly alarmed, when they were 600 miles from

Gomera? The variation of the magnetic needle.

What is meant by the variation of the needle? Its not pointing exactly north.

How did Columbus quiet their fears? He invented a pretended

reason.

What new difficulty had Columbus, when they had proceeded about 800 leagues? Insurrection. What did they wish? To return to Spain.

How did some of them propose to get rid of Columbus? To throw him into the sea.

How did he quell the insurrection? He soothed and threatened; he addressed their avarice and amrition.

How long did they then proceed quietly? About a week.

What did they then do? They assembled on deck, and required Columbus to steer instantly for Eu

rope.

What promise did he make? To sail back, if they did not discover land in three days.

land?

How long was it from that time, before they discovered About two days.

On what month and day? How did they then treat Columbus? They threw themselves at his feet, and begged his pardon.

With what ceremony, did Columbus and his followers land?

To whom did they return thanks, and sing praise? To God.

Whom did the natives think the Spaniards to be?

What did they consider the ships?

What was the only valuable manufacture, that the natives could produce? Cotton yarn.

What did the natives call their boats? Canoes.

What did the natives call this island? Guanabana.

What did Columbus call it? San Salvador.

What ornaments did many of the natives wear in their nostrils ? Plates of gold.

Where did they intimate, that gold abounded? In countries to the South.

In what direction, did Columbus then sail from San Salvador? South.

What very great island did he soon discover? Cuba.

How large a village did he discover in Cuba? It consisted of 1000 inhabitants.

What very important grain did he discover in Cuba? Maize.

What name do we generally give to this grain? Indian corn, or

corn.

Why is it called Indian corn? Because it was first found among the Indians.

What great island did Columbus next discover? Hayti.

What did he call it? Hispaniola.

Meaning of Hispaniola ? Little Spain.

Name most generally given to Hayti? St. Domingo.

Which way is St. Domingo from Cuba? - From San Salvador?

How were the Spaniards treated by the Haytians? With very great kindness.

Cause of this kindness! The Spaniards were considered as celestial beings.

At what island, did Columbus leave a colony of 33 men? At Hayti.

Why were the Haytians glad to have this colony remain? To defend them from the Carribees.

Where did the Carribecs live? On the Carribean islands.

Which way from Hayti? Character of the Carribees? They were horrible plunderers and cannibals.

Why did Columbus find it necessary to hasten back to Spain? On account of the impatience of

his men, and the bad condition of his ships.

What dreadful calamity did he experience on his return? A tremendous storm.

What method did he adopt, to preserve a knowledge of his discoveries?

When did he arrive in Spain? How long had he been absent? How extensively did his fame immediately spread? Throughout Europe.

What was the new world generally thought to be? A part of India.

CHAPTER VI.

Second voyage of Columbus.

Who patronized the second voyage of Columbus ? Both Ferdinand and Isabella.

Of how many vessels, did his second fleet consist? 17.

With how many men? 1500. From whom, did Ferdinand and Isabella obtain a grant of the lands they wished to occupy? From the Pope.

Why? Because they were claimed by the Portuguese.

Who was then Pope? Alexander VI.

What was his character? He was a monster of wickedness.

What right had the Pope to make such a grant? No right.

Why was he supposed to have such a right? He was considered as Christ's vicegerent on earth.

Meaning of vicegerent?

In what year, did Columbus commence his second voyage? In 1493.

Why did he sail farther to the south than before? To have the benefit of the trade winds.

What did he find at Navidad,

How? By leaving their own lands uncultivated, and destroying their esculent roots.

Meaning of esculent?

Who were the victims of this plot? The Haytians themselves. What part of them died? More than a third.

How were the Spaniards preserved? By supplies from Spain.

Who persuaded the court of Spain to send out Aguado, to watch the conduct of Columbus? The enemies of Columbus.

What did Columbus do to avoid his inspection, and justify himself? He repaired to Spain.

By what course did he return to Europe? An eastern course.

With what difficulty did he continually struggle? The trade winds.

rather than of Columbus? F. had not been remunerated for money advanced to Columbus.

Meaning of remunerate?

For what purpose, was Francis Bovadilla sent to Hispaniola? To inquire into the character of Columbus.

How was Columbus required to treat Bovadilla? To obey him.

What was the conduct of Columbus ? He silently submitted to be tried by Bovadilla.

How did Bovadilla treat Columbus? Caused him to be seized, fettered, and hurried on board a ship.

and

How did Columbus bear this?! With the greatest coolness dignity.

What did Bovadilla then do with Columbus and his two brothers? Sent them in fetters, and in different vessels, to Spain.

Who offered to unbind Columbus? Vellejo, the Capt. of the vessel, in which he sailed.

Why did Columbus refuse? He said, his fetters had been put on by the king's order, and by his order only, should be taken off.

How was he treated by the king and queen, on his arrival in Spain He was liberated, and kindly received.

What was his conduct, when admitted into their presence? He threw himself at their feet, and remained speechless.

What did he do, when a little recovered? Vindicated himself in a long speech.

What punishment did they inflict upon Bovadilla? They de graded him from his office.

By whom, was Bovadilla superseded? Ovando.

How did Columbus feel, when he found, that he was not to be restored to his office of governor ? He was deeply wounded.

What did he carry with him, wherever he went? His fetters. What did he say, should be done

with them, at last? That they should be buried with him in his grave.

What did Columbus demand of Ferdinand and Isabella ? That he should be viceroy of the countries he had discovered.

Why did they decline the fulfilment of their promise? On account of the greatness and importance of the discoveries.

How many voyages to America, did Columbus make?

Four. Object of the fourth? To discover a strait or isthmus, leading to the western ocean.

Did he succeed in this? He did

not.

What distressing intelligence did he receive, when he returned from his fourth voyage? That Isabella was dead.

What did Columbus demand of Ferdinand? The punishment of his oppressors, and the restitution of his privileges.

With what, did Ferdinand amuse him? With fair words and unmeaning promises.

What encouraged Ferdinand to persevere in this cruel plan? The declining health of Columbus.

Where did Columbus die? At Valladolid.

Where are now his remains? In what year, did Columbus die? How long after the discovery of San Salvador?

At what age?

What stimulated him, to seek a nearer passage to India? The first voyage of Columbus.

In what direction from England, did he expect to find that passage? A north-western.

From what port, did he sail? Bristol. - When?

Which way is Bristol from London?

What land did he first discover?

Probably Newfoundland.

What part of the continent did he first discover? Probably Lab. rador.

From whom, did America derive its name? p. 13.

To what city, did he belong.? What was he called at Florence? Amerigo Vespucci.

What was his occupation? He was a merchant.

In what year did he visit Ameri

ca?

How long after the discovery of the continent by Columbus ?-By Cabot?

Who conducted the expedition, when Amerigo visited America? With whom, had Ojeda before made a voyage to America?

Why was this continent called for Amerigo? Because he published an account of his voyage, with an elegant chart purporting that he was the first discoverer of the continent.

Who was commissioned from France, to make discoveries in America

By whom?

Did he make discoveries in N A. or S. A.?