ity? Levelled the graves and When the Plymotheans were so weak, why were they not destroyed by savages? By the good providence of God, the savages were restrained from making an attack. When did the Pilgrims give the name Plymouth, to the place, where they settled? When the settlement commenced. Why was it called Plymouth? Partly because it had been so called by Capt. John Smith, and partly on account of the kindness they had received at Plymouth in England. What special preparation seems to have been made by Providence, for the settlement of Plymouth? Almost all the natives on the coast of what is now Ms. had been cut off. How? By war and pestilence. What pestilence? Probably the yellow fever. What part of the natives had died? About nineteen twentieths. When had this pestilence taken place? About the year 1617. How great were its ravages at Plymouth? Every native had been destroyed, except one, named Squanto, who was absent. What disaster had happened to a French vessel near Cape Cod, some years before? * One remarkable circumstance, attending this pestilence, was not known till after the settlement of Plymouth. A French ship had been wrecked on Cape Cod. The men were saved with their goods. The natives kept their eye on them, till they found an opportunity to kill all but 3 or 4, and divide the goods. The captives were sent from one tribe to another, as slaves. One of them learned so much of their language, as to tell them, that God was angry with them for their aruelty, and would destroy them, How were the seamen treated by the natives? What were they told, that God would do to them for their cruelty? What did they reply? What did the Frenchman answer? What afterwards called his words to their remembrance? How did they feel, when the Pilgrims arrived at Cape Cod? Which way is Plymouth from Hartford ?-from Boston ? CHAPTER XXI.- p. 42. Samoset, Squanto and Massasoit Who first visited the Plymouth colony? In what month and year? Who was Samoset? How far from Plymouth, was the country of Samoset? Probably about 200 miles. Which way? N. E. In which of the present states. must this have been? How did he accost them? Of whom, had he learned a little English? What, did he say, was the Indian name of Plymouth? How did they treat Samoset? and give their country to another people. They answered, that they were too many for God to kill. He replied, that, if they were ever so many, God had many ways to kill them, of which they were then ignorant. When the pestilence came among them, they reinembered the Frenchman's words; and when the Plymotheans arrived at Cape Cod, the few survivors imag. ined, that the other part of his prediction would soon be accomplished. Belknap's Biog. 2: 208 Treaty with Massasoit. Rarely has the interposition of Providence been more striking, or more worthy of devout acknowledgment, than in raising up and preserving to our fathers, such a friend as Massasoit. But for his kind influence, it seems, that the destruction of their little establishment must have been inevitable. This great and amiable prince, therefore, may not only be ranked among our benefactors, but among the saviors of our country. Like Powhatan, he seems to have been a kind of sachem of sachems, or emperor. He was not only sovereign in his own Pokanoket, but had great influence over other dominions. To gain his friendship, therefore, was to gain the friendship of many a chief besides. So it proved in the result. It is doubtful, whether we have ever formed With how many men, did Massasoit visit the Plymotheans? 20. With how many men, did Standish meet Massasoit? 6. For what purpose? To escort him to one of the best houses. Meaning of escort? When had Standish been appointed military commander? In February. What was the particular dominion of Massasoit? Pokanoket. Along what bay, did Pokanoket extend? Narraganset bay. What Indians inhabited that country? The Wampaneags or Wampanoags. What towns are now included in that country? Bristol, Warren, Barrington and Swanzey. Where were Massasoit's principal seats? At Mount Hope and Warren. Where was Mount Hope? In Bristol? What treaty was formed with Massasoit? + a treaty with any potentate, more important in its consequences, than that, which was formed with Massasoit at Plymouth; and no other surely is so worthy of the attention of our youth. The articles of this treaty, as first established, are the following: "1. That neither he, nor any of his, should injure or do hurt to any of their people. "2. That if any of his did any hurt to any of theirs, he should send the offender, that they might punish him. "3. That if any thing were taken away from any of theirs, he should cause it to be restored, and they should do the like to his. 4. That if any did unjustly war against him, they would aid him and if any did war against them, he should aid them. "5. That he should send to his neighbor confederates, to inform them of this, that they might not Why was Massasoit desirous of forming this treaty? That the Plymotheans might defend him against the Narragansets. Who were the Narragansets? A tribe of Indians, that lived on the west of Narraganset bay. In what state, is Narraganset bay? Number of the Narragansets, compared with other tribes? It was the greatest tribe in NewEngland. Number of that tribe? About 4000. How many warriors? About 1000. How could 20 or 30 Plymotheans aid Massasoit against 1000 Narragansets? The fire-arms of the Plymotheans were terrible to the Indians. Who united with Massasoit in confirming the treaty of Plymouth, in the year 1639 ? wrong them, but might be likewise comprised in these conditions of peace. "6. That when his men come to them upon any occasion, they should leave their arms (which were then bows and arrows) behind them. "7. Lastly, That so doing, their sovereign Lord, King James, would esteem them as his friend and ally." All which," says Morton, "he liked well, and withal at the same time, acknowledged himself content to become the subject of our sovereign Lord aforesaid, his heirs and successors; and gave unto hem all the lands adjacent, to them and to theirs forever." Let it not be said, then, that our forefathers came to Plymouth, and robbed the Indians of their lands. The natives there were all dead; nor did a single Indian visit them, till Samoset bade them welcome. Eighteen years afterwards, Massasoit with his eldest son Mooanam How long did the Mayflower continue at Plymouth? Till April Why did she continue so long? On account of the sickness and mortality of the seamen. What part of them had died? About half. What distinguished character died the same April, that the Mayflower departed? Gov. Carver. For what, was he distinguished? For piety, and for the sacrifices, which he made for the good of the Pilgrims. CHAPTER XXII. Who soon succeeded Carver? William Bradford. At what age? 33.t or Alexander, came to Plymouth, and solemnly confirmed this treaty, and promised not to sell any land without the consent of the Plymotheans. † NOTE H. Some account of Gov. Bradford. [The following sketch is taken principally from Allen's Biographical and Historical Dictionary, a work that will be found peculiarly useful to the students of our history.] William Bradford, second gov. ernor of Plymouth colony, was born at Ansterfield, a village in the north of England, in 1588. His parents dying, when he was young, he was educated, first by his grand parents, and afterwards by his uncles, in the practice of agriculture. His paternal inheritance was considerable; but he had no better education, than generally In what country, was he Dorn? In what business, was he educated? At what age, was his mind seriously impressed? By what means? From what, did sickness conduce to preserve him? By whose ministry, were his good impressions confirmed? falls to the share of children of husbandmen. At the age of 12, his mind was seriously impressed in reading the scriptures; and an illness of long continuance conduced to preserve him from the follies of youth. His good impressions were confirmed by attending upon the ministry of Mr. Clifton. As he increased in years, he was enabled to vindicate his opinions against opposition. Being stigmatized as a Separatist, he cheerfully bore the frowns of his relatives and the scoffs of his neighbors. Fearless of persecution, he joined Mr. Clifton's church. Believing, that many of the practices of the church of England were contrary to the bible, he preferred the purity of worship to any temporal advantage, that might arise from Whose frowns and scoffs did he cheerfully bear? Whose church did he join? How was he punished for attempting to escape to Holland? What kindness did he receive from the Dutch magistrates, at Zealand? Why was he not chosen governor immediately after the death of Carver? land. But when they understood the cause of his emigration, they gave him protection, and permission to join his brethren at Âmsterdam. After a residence in Holland of about 10 years, he engaged with zeal in the plan of removing to America. He accordingly embarked, and proceeded with the other Pilgrims in that most arduous and dangerous enterprise. While the Mayflower lay in Cape Cod harbor, he was one of the foremost in the several hazardous attempts to find a proper place for the seat of the colony. When returned from the last of these, in which his little company had had the happiness to discover Plymouth, he received the heart-rending intelligence, that during his absence, his bending his conscience to the opin-beloved wife had fallen from the ions of others. When about 18 years old, he was among those who attempted to escape to Holland; but was taken and imprisoned at Boston. On account of his youth, however, he was soon liberated. The next year, 1608, he was one of those, who fled from Grimsby common, when part of the company went to sea, and part were taken by the officers called pursui vants. After some time, he went over to Zealand, through various difficulties. He was no sooner landed, than a malicious fellow passenger accused him before the Dutch magistrates, as a fugitive from Eng ship, and was drowned. When Gov. Carver died, April 5, Mr. Bradford was sick, and considered at the point of death. In great mercy, however, the Lord was pleased to raise him up, to be an unspeakable blessing to the infant plantation. As soon as he was sufficiently recovered to enter upon the duties of the office, he was elected governor. Though only about 33 years old, he was most conspicuous for wisdom, fortitude, piety and benevolence. The duties of this high office he discharged with the greatest faithfulness and dignity for 30 years, being the whole remainder of his life except five. Five times by his earnest request, For what was he peculiarly conspicuous? How long was he governor ? What was the length of his administration compared with others? It was the longest, that has occurred in New-England. What prevented his being governor five years more? In what, did he strongly recommend rotation? the honor of election was conferred upon another. During these years, however, he was first assistant and deputy governor. He strongly recommended a rotation in the election of governor. If this appointment," said he, "is any honor or benefit, others should partake of it; if it is a burden, others should help bear it." One of the first acts of Bradford's administration, was to send an embassy to Massasoit. The objects of this were to explore the country; to confirm the league; to learn the situation and strength of their new friend; to carry him some presents; to apologize for some supposed injuries; to regulate their mutual intercourse; and to procure seedcorn for the next year. This most important business was executed in July, by Edward Winslow and Stephen Hopkins, with Squanto for their guide. It was well for the colony, that the friendship of Massasoit was thus secured. His influence was extensive. In consequence of his regard for the new settlers, nine sachems went to Plymouth in September, and acknowledged themselves loyal subjects to king James. Having heard much of the Bay of Massachusetts, both from Indians and from English fishermen, Gov. Bradford appointed ten men with Squanto and two other Indians, to visit the place, and trade with the natives. On Sept. 18, they sailed in their shallop, and the next day landed under a cliff, sup Meaning of rotation? First memorable act of Brad ford's administration? For what objects? Who were the ambassa dors? Who was their guide? How many sachems professed subjection to king James in Sept. 1621? What important bay did a party posed to be Copp's Hill, now in Boston, near Charlestown bridge. There they were kindly received by Obbatinua, sachem of Shawmut, one of the nine who a few days before, had subscribed the submission at Plymouth. Obbatinua now renewed his submission; and in return, the Plymotheans promised to assist him against his enemies the Tarrateens and the Squaw Sachem of Massachusetts. In Nov. the ship Fortune arrived at Plymouth with 36 planters. Having been four months at sea, the provisions in the Fortune were almost wholly consumed. This was most unfortunate for the Plymotheans, who were obliged to furnish provisions for the seamen on their return home. The consequence was a grievous scarcity at Plymouth. All the colonists were immediately put upon half allowance. Before spring, the famine was distressing. In the height of this distress, a threatening message was received from Canonicus, the great sachem of the Narragansets. It was in the style of the ancient Scythians, consisting of a bundle of arrows tied up with a snake skin. Squanto interpreted this to be a threatening and a challenge. The undaunted Bradford returned a bold reply, That if they loved war rather than peace, they might begin when they would; that the people of Plym outh had done them no wrong; neither did they fear them; nor should the Narragansets find |