Which way is Block island from R. I.. from Fairfield? From what place, had he been expelled for bad conduct?

What was the occasion of his reformation ?

From what town, was he sent to the general court of delegates in Ms.?

By whom, was he murdered? What Indians? Principally, Block-Islanders and Narragansets. Who avenged the death of O.? Who assisted Gallop?

By whom, were several of the surviving murderers protected? The Pequots.

What fort did the Pequots besiege, towards the close of 1636? Fort Saybrook.

them. Six of the affrightened savages leaped into the sea, and were drowned. Standing off again, and running down upon her a second time, he bored her with his anchor; and the two vessels being thus fastened to each other, he attempted to shoot the Indians in their lurking places, through the side of their vessel. At length getting loose, he drove down upon them the third time, and caused 4 or 5 more to jump overboard. There being but four left, he ventured to go aboard of their vessel. He immediately took and bound two of them. Two others, armed with swords in a little room below, could not be driven from their retreat. -Mr. Oldham's corpse was found on board, the head split, and the body horribly mangled, and not yet cold.

† NOTE O.

Extreme trials of the Ct. planters

in the spring of 1637.

The affairs of Ct. at this time, wore a most gloomy aspect. They had sustained great losses in cattle

How long did the siege continue? Till the next spring.

By whom, was the siege raised in March? Capt. Mason and 20

men.

What kept the people of Ct. in continual alarm in the spring of 1637? The incursions of the Pequots.

How many men did the Pequots murder, that year, at Wethersfield? How many women?

How many young females did they carry into captivity?

What were then the condition and prospects of the people of Ct.? Most distressing.

In what, had they sustained very great losses in the two preceding years? †

and goods in the preceding years, and even this year, they were unfortunate with respect to their cattle. They had no hay, but what they cut from the spontaneous productions of an uncultivated country. To make good English meadow, was a work of time. The wild, coarse grass, which the people cut, was often mowed too late, and but poorly made. They did not always cut a sufficient quantity even of this poor hay. They had no corn, or provender, with which they could feed them; and amidst the multiplicity of affairs, which at their first settlement, demanded their attention, they could not provide such shelters for them, as were necessary during the long and severe winters, of this northern climate. From a union of these circumstances, some of their cattle were lost, and those, which lived. through the winter, were commonly poor. Notwithstanding all the expreceding summer, they had not ertions, the people had made the been able, in the multiplicity of their affairs, and under their inconveniences, to raise a sufficiency of provisions. Their provisions were

Instrument principally used in cultivating the earth? Price of a good cow? How many dollars?

Why did they want all their men at home?

To what danger, were they exposed, when hunting, fishing, or cultivating their fields?

not only very coarse, but very dear and scanty. The people were not only inexperienced in the husbandry of the country, but they had but few oxen or ploughs. They performed almost the whole culture the earth with hoes. This rendered it both exceedingly slow and laborious.

Every article bore a high price. Valuable as money was at that day, a good cow could not be purchased under thirty pounds. Indian corn was about five shillings a bushel; and labor and other articles bore a proportionable price.

In addition to all these difficulties, a most insidious and dreadful enemy were now destroying the lives and property of the colonists, attempting to raise the numerous Indian tribes of the country against them, and threatened the utter ruin of the whole colony. The inhabitants were in a feeble state, and few in number. They wanted all their men at home, to prosecute the necessary business of the plantations. They had not a sufficiency of provisions for themselves, there would therefore be the greatest difficulty in furnishing a small army with provisions abroad. They could neither hunt, fish, nor cultivate their fields, nor travel at home, or abroad, but at the peril of their lives. They were obliged to keep a constant watch by night and day; to go armed to their daily labors, and to the public worship. They were obliged to keep à constant

When were they obliged to watch against the Pequots?

Where did they go armed? Where did the general court meet at this awful crisis?

What did they consider in the utmost danger? The existence of the colony and the lives of all the people.

How many had been murdered by the Pequots ?

watch and guard at their houses of worship on the Lord's day, and whenever they convened for the public worship. They lay down and rose up in fear and danger. If they should raise a party of men, and send them to fight the enemy on their own ground, it would render the settlements proportionably weak at home, in case of an assault from the enemy. Every thing indeed appeared dark and threatening. But nothing could discourage men, who had an unshaken confidence in the divine government, and were determined to sacrifice every other consideration, for the enjoyment of the uncorrupted gospel, and the propagation of religion and liberty in America.

"In this important crisis, a court was summoned at Hartford, on Monday, the first of May. As they were to deliberate on matters, in which the lives of the subjects, and the very existence of the colony were concerned, the towns for the first time sent, committees.

"The court on mature deliberation, considering that the Pequots had killed nearly thirty of the English; that they had tortured, and insulted their captives in a most horrible manner; that they were attempting to engage all the Indians, to unite for the purpose of extirpating the English; and the danger the whole colony was in, unless some capital blow could be immediately given their enemies, determined, that an offensive war

Address of the Rev. Thomas Hooker to Capt. Mason and his little army at Hartford, when about to march against the Pequots.

"Fellow Soldiers, Countrymen and Companions, you are this day assembled by the special providence of God. You are not collected by wild fancy, nor ferocious passions. It is not a tumultuous assembly whose actions are abortive, or if successful, produce only theft, apine, rape and murder; crimes consistent with nature's light, inonsistent with a soldier's valor. You, my dear Hearts, were selected from your neighbors, by the godly fathers of the land, for your known courage, to execute such a work. Your cause is the cause of Heaven. The enemy have blasphemed your God, and slain his

How many did Plymouth? 50. Chaplain of the Ct. men? Mr. Stone, of Hartford.

Commander? Capt. John Ma

son.

Where had he been trained to arms? In the Netherlands.

Who delivered to the Ct. men, a most affecting address, just before they started? †

servants. You are only the ministers of his justice. I do not pretend, that your enemies are careless, or indifferent. No; their hatred is inflamed; their lips thirst for blood; they would devour you, and all the people of God. But my brave soldiers, their guilt has reached the clouds; they are ripe for destruction; their cruelty is notorious; and cruelty and cowardice are always united. - There is nothing, therefore, to prevent your certain victory, but their nimble feet, their impenetrable swamps and woods; from these your small numbers will entice them, or your courage drive them. I now put the question, Who would not fight in such a cause? fight with undaunted boldness? Do you wish for more encouragement? More I give you. Riches waken the soldier's sword; and though you will not obtain silver and gold on the field of victory, you will secure what is infinitely more precious; you will secure the liberties, the privileges and the lives of Christ's church in this new world. You will procure safety for your affectionate wives, safety for your prattling, harmless, smiling babes. You will secure all the blessings, enjoyed by the people of God in the ordinances of the

By what, did he say they were assembled ?

What did he say of the guilt of the Pequots ?

With what, did he say, cruelty is always united?

If any Christian soldier should be slain, what did Mr. Hooker say, would be the reason?

In whose strength, did he exhort them to march ?

How many Mohegan Indians went with Mason, against the Pequots? 70.

By whom, commanded? Uncas. Where did the Mohegans live? North of the Pequots.

Where was the residence of Uncas? In what is now called Norwich.

What most appalling difficulty did they meet with at Saybrook? A division in opinion between Capt. Mason and his officers.

What measures did the officers wish to pursue? To sail immediately to Pequot harbor, and attack both the Pequot forts, as soon as possible.

Why? Such were their orders from the general court, and they wished to finish the campaign, as soon as possible.

Why did Mason object to this? He had just received new information respecting the force and condition of the Pequots. He concluded that in sailing into Pequot harbor, he should certainly be discovered; that he should be attacked at landing, and either driven back, or prevented from destroying

any considerable number of the swift-footed Pequots.

From whom, had Mason received new information respecting the Pequots ? Probably from the two females, that had been captured at Wethersfield.

Who had showed them special kindness? The wife of Mononotto.

Who was Mononotto? The chief next in authority under Sassacus. By whom had these females been redeemed? By the Dutch.

Where did the Dutch deliver their redeemed captives to the English? At Saybrook.

Name of one of these captives! Probably Swain.

Why may these females be considered as probably the saviors of the colony? There is reason to believe, that the information, which they communicated, was the means of inducing Mason to adopt the plan he did.

What was Mason's plan ? To sail to the mouth of the Narraganset bay, and thence to march to the forts, and take the Pequots by surprise.

What method was proposed to bring Mason and his officers to agreement? Mr. Stone was requested most importunately to pray for them.

How did his prayer seem to be answered? Mason's plan was most cordially adopted.

What other new arrangement did they make at Saybrook They sent 20 men back, to defend

set upon his head, because the re wards of this life are insufficient. March then, with Christian courage, in the strength of the Lord. March with faith in his divine promises; and soon your swords shall find your enemies; soon they shall fall, like leaves of the forest, under you. feet."

Ct. and took 20 of the garrison to supply their places. Distinguished officer among the latter? Capt. Underhill.

When did they sail from Saybrook? Friday, May 19.

When did they arrive at the port in Narraganset bay? Next day. Which way is the mouth of N. bay from Pequot harbor? About how far?

Whom did Mason and Underhill visit on Monday? Canonicus. For whom, did Canonicus immediately send? Miantonimo.

Request, made to these sachems? That Mason and his army might pass to the Pequot forts.

Reply of Miantonimo?

That he highly approved of the expedition and that he would send men with them.

Remark of Miantonimo respecting the force of the English? That it was too small to fight the mighty Pequots.

With how many forces, did Mason march on Wednesday? 77 English, 60 Mohegans, and 200 Narragansets.

How many in the whole?

Where were the other 13 English and 10 Mohegans? Probably in the ships.

How far were they then from the Pequots ? Nearly 40 miles.

By whom, was Mason reinforced Thursday morning? Several Narraganset Indians.

Number of Indians then under Mason? Nearly 500.

What inquiry did the Indians make at Pawcatuck river? What was Mason's intention.

What did he assure them? That he intended to attack the Pequots in their forts.

How were the Indians affected? They were filled with terror; and many of them deserted.

How far from fort Mystic did they encamp Thursday night? About two miles.

Why did Mason conclude nct to attack both forts at the same time? His men were much worn down with heat and fatigue, and the Indians with him were exceedingly terrified.

Who was their chief guide? Wequosh, a revolted Pequot.

What did Wequosh and Uncas then say of the friend-Indians? That they were much afraid.

What word did Mason send them? By no means to fly; but to take their stations at any distance, and see, if the English would fight.

Where was fort Mystic situated? On the top of a hill, about six miles distant from Pequot harbor.

How was the fort formed? By long sticks of wood, set in the ground close together.

What name is given to sticks of wood, thus placed in the ground? Pales or palisadoes.

At what time, in the day was the attack made? Just before the dawn.

How near did Mason come to the fort, before he was discovered? Within a rod or two.

How was the alarm first given? By the barking of a dog.

How communicated? A Pequot roared out, Owawnux! Oraw. пих!

Meaning? p. 55.

Where did some of Mason's men