had a cave at Carpathus, an island in the Mediterranean, was a wizzard or prophet, was likewife Neptune's fhepherd, and as fuch bore a hook. See Virg. Georg. iv. 387.

Cafius, An antient Mountain in Egypt.

Cafpian Sea, A large collection of waters in Afia, having Aftracan and Calmuck Tartary on the North, Botharas and part of Perfia on the Eaft, another part of Perfia on the South, and another Part of Perfia and Circaffia on the Weft. It is a fea particularly noted for ftorms and tempefts.

Caffia, A fweet fpice mentioned by Moses. Exod. xxx. Caftalian Spring, A fpring by the grove of Daphne at Antioch, of the fame name with that in Greece at the foot of Parnaffus, and extoll'd for its prophetic qualities.

Cataphracts, Men or horfes completely armed, from nara@gaoow, to guard with arms.

Cataract, A diforder in the eye; which for many ages, and till about 30 years ago, was thought to be a film growing over the eye, intercepting or veiling the fight, and fo increafing till vifion was totally obftru&ted; but the difeafe is in the chryftalline humour, lying between the outmoft coat of the eye and the pupilla The dimnefs which is at the beginning, is called a fuffufion, and when the fight is loft, is called a Cataract, and cured by couching, which is with a needle paffing through the external coat, and driving down; the lofs of which is somewhat supplied by the ufe of a large convex glass.

Cataract, A fall of water from on high; a cascade. J. Catarrh, A defluxion of a sharp ferum from the glands about the head and throat.

Cathaian, from Cathay or Catay, a country of Afia, and the northern part of China.

Cedarn, The fame as Cedrine, of or belonging to the cedar tree.

Celtic, Belonging to the Celta, Heb. fair and yellow;

the

the old Gauls, now the French; called fo upon the account of their yellow hair.

Centric and concentric, are terms applied to spheres whofe center is the fame with the earth.

Centaur, A poetical being, fuppofed to be compounded of a man and a horfe; and is one of the conftellations.

Cenfer, The pan in which incenfe is burned. 7.
Cerafles, A ferpent having horns. J.

Cerberean, Belonging to Cerberus, i. e. mouths as wide as thofe of the dog Cerberus; whom poets feign to have three heads, others fifty, fome an hundred.

Ceres, The daughter of Saturn and Ops, the Goddess of corn and tillage. She had by Jupiter one daughter named Proferpine, whom Pluto ftole away, and carried into hell. Ceres fought her throughout the whole world; and at last hearing that he was carried by Pluto into hell, complained of the indignity to Jupiter, and with much entreaty prevailed with him to fuffer her to live only half the year with Pluto, and the other half with the Gods above.

Chalybean from Chalybes; who were famous among the antients for their iron-works.

Cham or Ham, Heb. heat, Noah's third fon, who in the divifion of the world had Africa for his lot, and was worshipped by the Egyptians under the name of Hammon.

Champian, A flat open country. J.

Chaos, The mafs of matter fuppofed to be in confufion before it was divided by the creation into its proper claffes and elements. J.

Charader, P. L. 8. 545. Here ufed in its original fenfe for a mark, a ftamp, a representation.

Charity, P. L. 4. 756. Tendernefs, kindness, love. Charities is used in the Latin fignification, and, like caritates, comprehends all the relations, all the endearments of confanguinity and affinity. The theological virtue of universal love. P. L. 3.216. 12, 584.

Char

Charlemaign, or Charles the Great, The fon of Pipin first King of France, and afterwards Emperor of the Romans. About the year 800 he undertook a war against the Saracens in Spain, and as fay the Spanish hiftorians, he and his army were routed at Fontarabia;-though all the French writers agree, that he was victorious over his enemies, and died in peace. Charybdis, The gulf of perdition; a dreadful whirlpool in the Sicilian fea, oppofite to Scylla, a rock fituated in a small bay on the Italian coast, into which bay the tide runs with a very strong current, so as to draw in the fhips that come within the compass of its force, and either dashes them against the rocks, or fwallows them in the eddies.

Chemic or Chymift, A profeffor of chymiftry, a philofopher

by fire. Milton calls the fun (Par. Loft, B. iii. 609. the arch-chymist; because he produceth fo many precious vegetables, fruits, metals, minerals, out of the earth, by the powerful influence of his rays darted up

on it. Chemos, An idol of the Moabites, fuppofed by Jerom and other learned men to be the fame with Baal-peor, as well as with Priapus, or the idol of turpitude, and therefore called by our Poet, Th' obfcene dread of Moab's fons.

Cherfonefe, A peninfula. Milton here (Par. Loft, Book xi. 392.) alludes to a large tract of land comprehending the vaft peninfula of Ganges between Sumatra and Borneo, called by the antients the golden Cherfonefe, because it abounded with gold; now the promontory of Malacca, from Malacca the chief city of it. Cherub, A celeftial fpirit, which in the hierarchy is placed next in order to the Seraphim. J. Chimera, A fabulous monfter, faid to have the head of a lion, the belly of a goat, and the tail of a serpent. Chinefe of Sericana. Serica is a region betwixt China to the Eaft, and the mount Imaus to the Weft: and what our author fays of the Chinese here, (Par. Loft,

B. iii.

B. iii. 439.) he feems to have borrowed from Heylin's Cofmography, p. 387. where it is faid: " Agree"able unto the observation of modern travellers, the "country is fo plain and level, that they have carts "and couches driven with fails as ordinarily as drawn by horses in these parts."

Chivalry, from the French chevalerie, fignifies not only knight-hood, but those who use horfes in fight, either by riding on them, or by being drawn by them in chariots.

Choral, Sung by a choir. J.

Chryfolite, A precious ftone of a dufky green, with a caft of yellow.

J.

Cimmerian defert, Allegro 10. The Cimnerians were a people who lived in caves under ground, and never faw the light of the fun. See Homer, Ody. xi. 44. and Tibullus iv. 1. 65.

Cincture, Inclosure.

Circe, The daughter of Sol and the Nymph Perfe. She was a forcerefs, and fkilful in the nature of herbs. She poisoned her husband the King of the Scythians, and being for her cruelty expelled her kingdom, went into Italy, and there dwelt in an ifle, whither Ulyffes was driven with his companions; all of whom, except Ulyffes, fhe turned into fwine; but at last, upon his entreaty, she restored them again to their native forms.

Circlet, A circle, an orb. J.

Circumfluous, Environing with waters. 7.

Citadel, A fortrefs, a caftle. J.

Citron tables, Tables made of citron wood were in fuch request among the Romans, that Pliny calls it menfarum infania, table-madness.

Clan, A family, race. 7.

Clang, A fharp, fhrill noise.

Clarion, A trumpet. J.

7.

Cleombrotus. He was called Ambraciota, of Ambracia a city of Epirus in Greece. Having read Plato's

book,

book, of the foul's immortality and the happiness of
another life, he was fo ravished with the account, that
he leapt from a high wall into the sea, that he might
immediately enjoy it. This death is celebrated by
Callimachus in one of his epigrams.

Oh fun, faid fam'd Cleombrotus, adieu!
And from the rock himself triumphant threw :
Not courting death, by burd'ning ills oppreft,
But reading Plato, his enlarged breast
Long'd to partake his foul's immortal reft.

}

Dodd.

Cocytus, A river in hell; derived from the Greek word
xwxvw, fignifying to weep and lament.
Coeternal, Equally eternal with another.
Cogitation, 3. Meditation. J.

Collateral, 1. Side to fide. 2. Running parallel. 3. Diffused on either fide. J.

Collegue, A partner in office or employment. J.

Collifion, The art of striking two bodies together. J. Colloquy, Conference, converfation, talk. J.

Columbus, A Spaniard, who made the firft difcovery of America, about the year 1492. and found the Americans, ás travellers report, girt about with feathers, as Adam and Eve were with fig-leaves.

Combuftion, Conflagration, burning, confumption by fire. 7.

Comet, Lat. hairy far; A heavenly body in the planetary region, appearing fuddenly, and again disappear. ing. Comets, vulgarly called blazing ftars, are dif. tinguished from other stars by a long train or tail of light always oppofite to the fun. The antient poets frequently compare a hero in his fhining armour to a comet. Thus Virgil, En. x. 272.

So the dire comet, with portentous light

And baleful gleams, glares dreadful in the night. Pitt. Commiferation, Pity, compaffion, tenderness. J. Communalty, The common people. J.

Compact,