Since courage quails and comes behind,
Go sleep and so beguile thy mind.

Next lullaby my gazing eyes,
Which wonted were to glaunce apace;
For every glass may now suffice
To show the furrows in my face.
With lullaby then wink awhile,
With lullaby your looks beguile:
Let no fair face or beauty bright
Entice you eft with vain delight.

And lullaby my wanton will,

Let reason's rule now reign thy thought,
Since all too late I find by skill,

How dear I have thy fancies bought:
With lullaby now take thine ease,
With lullaby thy doubts appease:
For trust to this, if thou be still,
My body shall obey thy will.

Thus lullaby my youth, mine eyes,
My will, my ware, and all that was;
I can no mo delays devise,

But welcome pain, let pleasure pass:
With lullaby now take your leave,
With lullaby your dreams deceive,
And when you rise with waking eye,
Remember then this lullaby.

Respecting another poet of greater popularity than

WARNER'S ALBION'S ENGLAND.

305

Gascoigne and of a more original turn of genius, Warner, the author of Albion's England, Puttenham has preserved a discreet silence;—for his great work had been prohibited by the capricious tyranny, or rigid decorum, of archbishop Whitgift; and seizure made in 1586 of the copies surreptitiously printed. This long and singular poem is a kind of metrical chronicle, containing the remarkable events of English history from the flood; the starting point of all chroniclers;-to the reign of queen Elizabeth. It is written in the common ballad measure; and in a style often creeping and prosaic, sometimes quaint and affected; but passages of beautiful simplicity and strokes of genuine pathos frequently occur to redeem its faults; and the tediousness of the historical narration is relieved by a large intermixture of interesting and entertaining episodes. The ballads of Queen Eleanor and fair Rosamond, Argentile and Curan, and the Patient Countess, selected by Dr. Percy in his Reliques of Ancient Poetry, may be regarded by the poetical student of the present day as a sufficient specimen of the talents of Warner: but in his own time he was complimented as the Homer or Virgil of the age: the persevering reader travelled, not only with patience but delight, through his seventy-seven long chapters; and it is said that the work became popular enough, notwithstanding its prohibition by authority, to supersede in some degree its celebrated predecessor the Mirror for Magistrates.

CHAPTER XXIII.

FROM 1591 TO 1593.

Naval war against Spain.-Death of Sir Richard Grenville. -Notice of Cavendish-Establishment of the East India company-Results of voyages of discovery.-Transactions between Raleigh and the queen.-Anecdotes of Robert Cary -of the Holles family.-Progress of the drama.-Dramatic poets before Shakespeare.-Notice of Shakespeare.Proclamation respecting bear-baiting and acting of plays. Censorship of the drama.-Anecdote of the queen and Tarleton.

THE maritime war with Spain, notwithstanding the cautious temper of the queen, was strenuously waged during the year 1591 and produced some striking indications of the rising spirit of the English navy.

A squadron under lord Thomas Howard, which had been waiting six months at the Azores to intercept the homeward bound ships from Spanish America, was there surprised by a vastly more numerous fleet of the enemy which had been sent out for their convoy. The English admiral got to sea in all haste and made good his retreat, followed by his whole squadron excepting the Revenge; which was entangled in a narrow channel between the port and an island. Sir Richard Grenville her commander, after a vain attempt to break through the Spanish line, determined, with a kind of heroic desperation, to sustain alone the conflict with a whole fleet of fifty-seven sail, and to confront all extremities rather than strike his colors. From

SIR RICHARD GRENVILLE.

307

three o'clock in the afternoon till day-break he resisted, by almost incredible efforts of valor, all the force which could be brought to bear against him; and fifteen times beat back the boarding parties from his deck. At length, when all his bravest had fallen, and he himself was disabled by many wounds; his powder also being exhausted, his small-arms lost or broken and his ship a perfect wreck; he proposed to his gallant crew to sink her, that no trophy might remain to the enemy. But this proposal, though applauded by several, was overruled by the majority: the Revenge struck to the Spaniards; and two days after, her brave commander died on board their admiral's ship of his glorious wounds, "with a joyful and quiet mind," as he expressed himself; and admired by his enemies themselves for his high spirit and invincible resolution. This was the first English ship of any considerable size captured by the Spaniards during the whole war, and it did them little good; for, besides that the vessel had been shattered to pieces and sunk a few days after with two hundred Spanish sailors on board; the example of heroic self-devotion set by sir Richard Grenville long continued in the hour of battle to strike awe and terror to their hearts.

Thomas Cavendish, elated by the splendid success of that first expedition in which, with three slender barks of insignificant size carrying only one hundred and twenty-three persons of every degree, he had plundered the whole coast of New Spain and Peru; burned Paita and Acapulco and captured a Spanish admiral of seven hundred tons,

308

NOTICE OF CAVENDISH.

besides many other vessels taken or burned;-then crossed the great South Sea, and circumnavigated the globe in the shortest time in which that exploit had yet been performed ;-set sail in August 1591 on a second voyage. But this time, when his far greater force and more adequate preparations of every kind seemed to promise results still more profitable and glorious, scarcely any thing but disasters awaited him. He took indeed the town of Santos in Brazil, which was an acquisition of some importance; but delaying here too long, he arrived at a wrong season in the Straits of Magellan; and was compelled to endure the winter of that inhospitable clime; where, seeing his numbers thinned by sickness and hardship and his plans baffled by dissensions and insubordination, he found it necessary to abandon his original design of crossing the South Sea; and resolved to undertake the voyage to China by the Cape of Good Hope. First, however, he was fatally prevailed upon to return to the coast of Brazil, where he lost many men in rash attempts against various towns which, expecting his attacks, were now armed for their defence; and a still greater number by desertion. Baffled in all his designs and worn out with fatigue, anxieties and chagrin, this brave but unfortunate adventurer breathed his last far from England, on the wide ocean and so obscurely that even the date of his death is unknown.

At this period, a peculiar education was regarded as not more necessary to enable a gentleman to assume the direction of a naval expedition than the command of a troop of horse; and it is probable