repair processes of pathologic conditions with formation of strictures. Tubercular and carcinomatous tissue also occur here. The openings of the ducts from Cowper's glands may sometimes be seen in this situation, though usually these ducts run below the surface of the mucous membrane for some distance and open in the lower surface of the scrotal portion, or even further forward in the canal. If they are demonstrable here, they are dark red and inflamed, and very apt to show a pin point of pus; this would indicate more or less trouble in Cowper's gland of that side.

This description, with some modifications, applies fairly well to the rest of the bulbous and perineal portions, except that the folds become finer and more numerous, and the color of a lighter red. As we proceed, however, we notice several normal changes in the shape of the lumen. From the antero-posterior slit seen at the bottom of the bulb, it first assumes a triangular shape, then becomes almost round, and at the peno-scrotal junction becomes a transverse slit. (Figs. VI., VII.) The diameter also of the canal has become gradually smaller up to this point.

One of the most important lesions, found in the portion just described, is stricture; and the initial formation of this condition. may be recognized by urethroscopic inspection, when neither symptoms nor sounds give any indication of its existence. Its urethroscopic picture is well described by Dr. George Luys, of the Hospital Lariboisiere, Paris, whom I shall quote, with apologies, for a poor translation. "In the perineal region, one sees lesions of hard infiltration, characterized by the following: the urethral mucosa, instead of clinging to the end of the tube and presenting regularly radiating folds, indicating normal pliability, is smooth, without folds, pale in color, and does not form well the central lumen of the urethra. That is to say, that as normally spread out, the central lumen of the urethra is reduced to a point, while on the contrary, in cases of stricture, if one draws the endoscopic tube very slowly toward himself, the urethral walls do not cling to each other, but are retained as they are by the fibrous tissue which surrounds them, and thus form a veritable funnel, whose walls seem to have the consistency of parchment."