ency of the Republicans Jefferson's Report on Privileges and Restrictions on our

Foreign Commerce-The great Effect of this Paper-His last Letter to Genet-Wash-

ington again solicits him to defer his Resignation-Jefferson sends his Resignation-

President's Reply-Jefferson's Return Home-His Public Standing when he retired-

Webster's and Marshall's Testimony-Grounds of his Popularity-The Theory that he

chose this time to retire, on account of his Popularity-Ana Records-Family Corres-

pondence brought down,
150

CHAPTER V.

1794-1795.

Jefferson's Return to Private Life-His Health, etc.-His Family-Maria Jefferson-

Martha (Jefferson) Randolph-Thomas Mann Randolph-Jefferson's Ideal of Retire-

ment-A Flash of the old Spirit-Threatened War with England-Proceedings in Con-

gress Jay sent Minister to England-Chasm in Jefferson's Correspondence-His

avowed desire for Permanent Retirement-Was he sincere in these Avowals?-Mania

for Office not yet introduced-The first Offices "went a begging"-Jefferson's Private

Pursuits His Land-roll in 1794-Farm Census-Exhausted Soils and Beggarly Account

of Empty Bins-Farm Operations of 1794-Pennsylvania Insurrection-The Govern-

ment Measures, how regarded by the two Parties-Republican View of Hamilton's

Conduct Washington invites Jefferson to return to the Cabinet-Did Washington

willingly abandon a Balance of Parties in his Cabinet?-Bradford's Political Attitude—

Politics of Others who were offered Seats in the Cabinet-Madison's Course considered

-Had the Republicans a Good Excuse for Non-Acceptance?-Reasons rendered by

John Adams-His own Peculiar Situation at the Time-Hamilton's Influence-A Dif-

ferent Theory offered-The President's Objects in instituting Jay's Mission-The

Selection of Jay unfortunate-Bad Republican Tactics-The President forced from his

Neutrality Jefferson's Views-Session of Congress 1794-5-Sharp Contest on Denun-

ciation of Democratic Societies Jefferson's Strictures-His Refusal to be a Presidential

Candidate-Hamilton's Resignation-Jefferson to D'Ivernois-Madison's Letter to Jef-

ferson on his refusal to be a Presidential Candidate Jefferson repeats his Refusal-

Jay's Treaty received and approved by Senate-Jay's, Hamilton's and Washington's

Recorded Disapprobation of it-Renewal of Orders in Council pending its Ratification—

Impressments-British attempt to seize French Ambassador in United States-Wash-

ington's Expressions of Indignation at these Outrages-Hamilton declares Ratification

now disreputable-John Adams's View of English Feelings towards America-Different

Mettle of the Cabinet-Wolcott's Remarkable Reasons for Ratification-Washington's

Proceedings in the Affair-The Treaty ratified-Had Fanchet's intercepted Dispatches

any Influence?-Public Explosion on the Publication of the Treaty-Meetings on the

Subject and the Actors in them-Jefferson's Strictures on Jay-His further Views-

"Camillus's" Defence of the Treaty-Bradford's Death and Successor-Virginia Elec-

tion and Legislative Action-Meeting of Fourth Congress-Contest in regard to the

Address of the House-Rutledge's Rejection Jefferson's Comments on Randolph's

Vindication-Relations with France-Conduct of Adet in the United States-Monroe's

Reception in France-Exchange of Flags and other Proceedings-Monroe's Assurances

in respect to Jay's Mission-Monroe censured by his Government-Justifies himself on

his Instructions-Washington's Reply-Misunderstandings between Monroe and Jay-

Adet's Remonstrances against Treaty of London-His Complaints considered-Adet's

Delivery of French Colors, and President's Reply-Proceedings of both Houses of Con-

gress-Washington's Sincerity in his Address to Adet-He did not concur in the

Feelings of the Federalists-The Republicans drive him from his Political Neutrality-

The Consequences-The Reaction first sets against Monroe-Washington's and Adams's

Censures on him-A curious Example of Political "Sea-change"-A larger Champion

than Monroe in the field, .

222

Treaty of London returned ratified-President proclaims it as in full force, without

awaiting any Action of the House of Representatives-Dissatisfaction of the Republican

Members-Livingston's Resolution calling for the Papers, and its Amendments-

President refuses to send them-Kitchell's Resolutions-Supported by Madison-They

pass by a strong Vote-Jefferson's Views-Resolution for carrying the Treaty into

effect-Federal Threats-The Debate-Reaction out of Congress, and the Causes of it--

Dearborn's Preamble-Preamble rejected and Resolution passed by very close votes-

Jefferson's Letter to Mazzei-An Account of Mazzei-Letter to Monroe-Efforts to

personally alienate Washington and Jefferson-General Lee's Agency in this-Expedi-

ency and Effects of Treaty of London considered-Domestic Affairs at Monticello-

Duke of Rochefoucauld-Liancourt's Visit to Monticello-His Journal of his Visit-Com-

ments and Explanations-Jefferson's Plow of least resistance-Rittenhouse's Opinion

of it on Mathematical Principles-Sir John Sinclair asks a Model and Description-

Prizes bestowed on it in France-Was Jefferson the First Discoverer of the Mathe-

matical Principle?-His usual Practical Ingenuity-His House-building-Fall Elections

-Occupations and Expenses of a Presidential Candidate in 1797—Jefferson professes to

be gratified at his Defeat-What right had he to feel thus?-The Method of Voting

-The Number of Votes for the various Candidates-Adams President and Jeffer-

son Vice-President-Jefferson's Letters to Madison and Adams given from Memory in

his Works History of the Recovery of the Originals-The Originals given-Explana-

tion of Jefferson's Willingness to have Adams succeed-Adams's Political Attitude at

the Moment-His own Testimony on the Subject-He made the First Practical Over-

ture to the Republicans-Madison's Testimony-Testimony of the Hamiltonians-The

Conclusion-Fortunate that the Union failed-Jefferson discovers his Error-A Pro-

phetic Political Idea,

285

CHAPTER VII.

1797.

Presidential Vote declared-Expectations that Jefferson would refuse the Vice-Presidency

-Steps he took thereon-His Views on proper Method of notifying the Elected

Candidates His Efforts to Escape a Ceremonious Reception-His Reception-Inter-

view with the President and Mr. Adams's Overtures-Sworn into Office-His Speech-

Scene of the Inauguration-President's Speech-Sequel to preceding Interviews with

President Jefferson returns Home-Letter to Mrs. Randolph-Action of French Gov-

ernment on receiving the Treaty of London-Action of American Government-Hamil-

ton appearing to great Advantage-Mr. Adams's real Feelings in respect to our

Foreign Relations when he entered the Presidency-Character of the Members of his

Cabinet Their unfortunate Influence on him-Early Indications of this-Pinckney

ordered out of France-President convenes Congress-His violent Message-Answers

of the Houses-Congress enters upon War Measures-Cooled by News of French

Victories Jefferson's View of the Call of an Extra Session, and of the President's

Speech-Last Political Link between him and Adams snapped-Another Theory,

based on Misrepresentation-Origin of Jefferson's Parliamentary Manual-Letters to

his Daughters-The Mazzei Letter published in the United States-Its Inaccuracies and

Interpolations Comments of Federal Press Jefferson to Madison on the Subject-

Washington's manner of receiving the Letter-Marshall's Statements-Pickering's

absurd Assertions and Conjectures-Jefferson's Denial-Sparks's supposed Suspicions

that Correspondence had been abstracted from Letter-books of Washington-His Letter

to Author on the Subject-History of the Langhorne Letter-The "Falsehoods of a

Malignant Neighbor" Jefferson's Personal Feelings towards Washington-A Remark

of Lafayette-Testimony of Mr. Jefferson's Family-Jefferson President of American

Philosophical Society-Charge of Judge Iredell at United States Court at Richmond-

Grand Jury present Letters of Members of Congress-Jefferson's deep Feeling on the

Subject-His Home Life during the Summer of 1797,

CHAPTER VIII.

1797-1798.

332

we

Congress meet-Strength of Parties-Lull in Affairs-Adams's amusing Commentary on

his Inaugural Speech-First Dispatches from France-President rampant-Fast-day-

Congress on Fire-Spriggs's Resolutions-Two Letters from Jefferson to Eppes-The

XYZ Dispatches-The Result of our Extraordinary Embassy to France-Popular

Excitement-Republicans suddenly reduced to a feeble Minority-War Measures

rapidly pass Congress-Character of Gallatin, the Republican Leader of the House-

Addresses and Answers Jefferson against War, but declares if it takes place,

must defend ourselves"-Hamilton complains of Unfortunateness of English Depra-

dations at such a time-He urges on War Measures against France-Proposes a

Political Tour to Washington under "pretence of Health"-Marshall's Return from

France-President's Message-War Spirit bursts out anew-Legislation against

"Interior Foes"-Time for Naturalization extended-The first Alien Law-Army

raised-French Treaties annulled-Other War Measures-Second Alien Law-The

Sedition Law-Lloyd's Bill-Hamilton's Views on these Bills-The Black Cockade-

Who were the Foreigners against whom the Alien Laws were directed?-The number

of French, English and Irish Alien Residents-The Circumstances which drove the

latter to our Country-Attempt of the American Minister in England to prevent their

Emigration Society of "United Irishmen" in Philadelphia-Rights of Naturalized

Citizens and Alien Residents-Political and Moral Character of the Irish Refugees-Mr.

Jefferson's Letters to his Daughters-His Domestic Affairs, etc.-His Anticipation of an

Attempt against him personally-His imputed Connection with Logan's Mission the

pretext His Letter to Archibald Hamilton Rowan-Invites him to Virginia, and

promises him Protection against the Alien Laws President Adams's Inconsistent

Course in regard to those Laws-Doubts their Constitutionality, yet authorizes their

enforcement Pickering looking up Subjects-The Number of dangerous French and

Irish Aliens discovered-The Sedition Law more effective-Lyon, a Member of Con-

gress, fined and imprisoned-Petitioners for his Release found Guilty of Sedition,

fined and imprisoned-Holt, Publisher of New London Bee, Thomas Cooper, and

James T. Callendar, fined and imprisoned-Baldwin fined for "wishing"-Judge

Peck arrested-Number of the Victims-The Aim of the Law as disclosed by the

Decisions under it-The President appoints Officers of the New Army-Intrigue of

Cabinet to place Hamilton over Knox and Pinckney-Pickering reveals one of the

President's proposed Nominations to secure its Rejection-Turpitude of the Transac

tion-Proceedings of French Government after sending away Marshall and Pinckney-

Talleyrand's Pacific Overtures-As he advances Gerry recedes-Their Correspondence-

Gerry's Departure-Directory pass Decrees more favorable to the United States-

Logan's Reception-Assurances sent to Mr. Adams by him-Lafayette's Assurances of

Pacific Intentions of France--American Consuls and Private Residents in France send

home similar Assurances-Talleyrand communicates such Assurances to American

Minister at the Hague,
378

CHAPTER IX.

1798-1799.

Impolicy of the French Measures-Views of the American Parties-The President

receives the French Overtures to Pacification-His Opinions of them-Questions to his

Cabinet Their Action thereon-The President's Conviction that France did not

meditate War-Hamilton apprised of all the Facts-He urges on War Preparations

however-Why this Change in his Views since 1797?-Don Francisco de Miranda-

His Proposals to England and the United States to revolutionize Mexico and South

America-British Cabinet accede to his Plans-Hamilton consulted through King-

Miranda's Letter to Hamilton of April 6th, 1798-Hamilton engages in the Scheme,

and asks the Command of the Land Forces His Letters to King and Miranda-He

engaged in this before hearing Result of the new French Mission he had urged-He

knew the Miranda Scheme involved a War with France-British Cabinet accede to

Hamilton's Proposals-King's Letters to Pickering-The British part of the Expedition

ready-Miranda's Letter to the President-Offensive War against France meditated--

Necessary as an Excuse to attack Spain-Views of the Republicans in the Summer of

1798-Their Apprehensions in regard to the Army-Their Suspicions of Hamilton-Jef-

ferson to Taylor, of Caroline, on dissolving the Union-His Letter to Mason-The Nicho-

lases at Monticello-The Kentucky Resolutions as drafted by Jefferson-Mr. Madison's

View of their Import-Modified, and passed by Kentucky Legislature-Reasons for

supposing Jefferson assented to or made the Modifications-Letter to Taylor, of

Caroline-Passage of the Virginia Resolutions-Third Session of Fifth Congress-The

President's Speech-An Error of Jefferson-The Senate "hint Logan" to Mr. Adams--

His unfortunate Reply-Hamilton's Programme for Congress-It contemplated a sub-

version of the existing Government-Hamilton hints the Miranda Scheme to his Instru

ments in Congress-Proposes Preparations to carry out that Scheme-Letters to Gann

and Otis on the Subject-Origin of the "Logan Law"-Harper's Misstatements and

Logan's Corrections-Passage and Character of this Law-Jefferson to Gerry-Objects

of the Letter-Jefferson to Pendleton-Pendleton's Patriarchal Address-The Union

of the Patriotic Extremes of the Revolution-What it proved and what it foreshadowed

-Great War Preparations in Congress-Debts to be incurred in proportion-Jefferson

urges the Republicans to avoid every Act and Threat against the Peace of the Union-

Bills to continue Non Intercourse with France, and to augment the Navy, passed-Jef

ferson raises Money to print Political Documents-Letters to Monroe and Stewart--

Capture of the Retaliation-British impress Seamen from the United States Sloop of

War Baltimore-Jefferson complains of the President's withholding the French Over-

tares-President nominates Murray Minister Plenipotentiary to France-The Federal

leaders "Gravelled "-Sedgwick and Pickering to Hamilton on the Subject-Senate

drive President to substitute a Commission-Ellsworth, Henry and Murray nominated

and approved-Jefferson to Kosciusko-To Madison-A scandalous Scene in the House

of Representatives-Means sought to be employed by the Federal and Republican

Chiefs to prepare for the decisive Contest Jefferson's Letters to his Daughters, . 429

CHAPTER X.

1799-1800.

The President's Inconsistency in respect to France-His Embarrassments-His misjudged

Course towards General Washington-He casts away Washington's Aid-Washington's

Letter and his Reply-Virginia Elections-Washington takes part-Urges Patrick Henry

to be a Candidate-He consents-The Sequel-Henry's Death-His Character and

Fame Result of the Elections-Cabinet settle Heads of Instructions for our French

Envoys-The President returns to Quincy-Directs Preparation of the French Instruc-

tions-Delayed six months-Frivolous Excuses of the Cabinet-Talleyrand's Sarcasm-

Instructions prepared, and Cabinet then propose to suspend the Mission-The Presi

dent repairs to the Seat of Government-Finds a Convocation of Hamiltonians-His

Struggle with his Cabinet-Hamilton's last Card-The Envoys dispatched-Complaints

of the Cabinet-Grounds of the Objections of the Hamiltonians-The President's

occasional Struggles in his Duress-Touches of the "Dwarf"-Pickering scents

Sedition in Cock's Feathers-Urges President to banish Priestley-Mr. Adams vacil

lating- His miserable Excuse to save Priestley-Insurrection in Pennsylvania-State

Prisoners Convictions for Treason-President pardons contrary to Advice of his

whole Cabinet-Enormities charged on the Troops-Editors whipped-Pennsylvania

State Elections-The Candidates and the Result-Jefferson's Letters to Mrs. Eppes-

His Domestic Affairs in Summer of 1799-Political Letters-Virginia and Kentucky

Resolutions of 1799-Congress meet-President's Third Annual Speech-Wolcott

describes to Ames the Situation of Parties in Congress-His "Engine of Government"

-Ames's Reply and his "Engine of Government"-Wolcott in Private Correspondence

with Mr. Pitt-Hamilton to Washington and to King-Spirit and Designs of the Fede-

ralists at this Period-Hamiltonians preparing to bring forward Washington for the

Presidency-His Death-Public Demonstrations thereon-Demonstrations in France

and England-Cabot's Hint to Ames to weave Politics into Eulogy of Washington-

That Hint generally followed up-His Views and Principles were unlike those of

Ames-His Principles and Designs equally at variance with Hamilton's-His Party

Connection incidental-He was systematically deceived-A fresh and striking Instance

of this-He belonged to no Party-His Fame is National-Jefferson's Political Corres-

pondence during the Session-Letters to Priestley-"Our Bonaparte "-Congress Pro-

ceedings sketched to Madison-Party Arithmetic-Political Letters-The Election Law

in Congress-The state of things in Pennsylvania it was intended for-John Randolph

denounces "Ragamuffins" and "Mercenaries"-Jostled in the Theatre-His Communi-

cation to the President-Action in the House-Bills passed-The Robbins affair-

"Truxton's Aggression "—"Overhauling Editor of Aurora"-Macon's Resolution to

Repeal the Law in regard to Seditious Libels-His Reliance on Federal Pledges-The

Pledges kept to the Letter but broken to the Spirit-The Presidential Caucuses-

Adjournment Jefferson's Letters to his Daughters-Character of the late Session-

Hamilton's Quietness-His Plans and his Despondency-Reasons of that Despon-

dency,

483

CHAPTER XI.

1800-1801.

Removal of Seat of Government to Washington-Wolcott's, Morris's and Mrs. Adams's

Descriptions of the New Capital-Presidential Canvass in 1800-Hamilton's Plan to

defeat Mr. Adams-Result of New York Election-Adams removes McHenry and

Pickering-Wolcott's Retention, and the Vacancies filled-Effect of the Change-The

Legislative Election in New York decides the choice of Electors in that State-Hamilton

solicits Governor Jay to practically set aside that Decision-Jay's marked Condemna-

tion of the Proposal-That Proposal a part of a larger Scheme to prevent a fair

Election-Some of Hamilton's Assertions to Jay considered-The adoption of his Plans

would have led to Civil War-Did he contemplate that Result?-His Tour through New

England-Calls on Wolcott for Materials for a Secret Attack on the President-Wolcott

promises his Aid-The ex-Secretaries join in this-Other Confederates-Posture of

these men as described by themselves-Hamilton's Attack printed for private circula-

tion-Obtained by Burr and published-Some of Hamilton's remarkable Statements

in it examined-The Effect of the Paper-Comments of Carroll and Cabot-Comments

of Republican Press-Hamilton meditates a Reply-Wisely desists-Jefferson in the

Summer of 1800-His Journeyings-Family Census-Farm Matters-Election Expenses

-His Correspondence-Attack on him by New England and New York Clergy-Rev.

Dr. John M. Mason's Pamphlet-Causes to which Jefferson imputed these Attacks-

Result of Legislative Election in Pennsylvania-Result in Maryland-Second Session of

Sixth Congress-President's Speech-Wolcott's Retirement-Jefferson to R. R. Living

ston and to Burr-How far Burr contributed to the Republican Success in New York-

Burr suspected of Intriguing in New York for the Presidency-Accused of it on strong

Evidence in New Jersey-His Instruments approach a Member of Congress Jeffer