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crowned King of Poland. The representatives of the nation being summoned, were silent witnesses of this ceremony, and the new oaths were soon violated again, for no abuse was suppressed, not even the discretionary power. Even on the day of the coronation, the Senate was filled with new members, who did not possess the qualifications required by the Constitution, the only guarantee of the independence of their votes. An illegal loan, and the alienation of national domains, were intended to render moveable and disposable the immense landed property of the State. But Providence directed that the large sums proceeding from the partial execution of this plan should not be squandered away, but be used in arming the nation.

In short, the last consolation which, under the reign of Alexander, enabled the Poles to support their misfortunes-namely, the hope of seeing themselves reunited to their brethren, was taken from them. by the Emperor Nicholas. From that moment all ties were broken. The sacred fire which had long been prohibited from being kindled upon the altars of the country, was secretly burning in the hearts of all welldisposed men. One thought only was common to them—namely, that they should no longer endure such a slavery. But the Government itself hastened the moment of explosion. In consequence of reports, daily corroborated, of a war against the liberty of nations, orders were given to put upon the war establishment, the Polish army destined to

march; and, in its place, the
Russian armies were to occupy
the country. Considerable sums,
proceeding from the loan and the
sale of the national domains, de-
posited at the bank, were to cover
the expenses of this deadly war
Arrests again
against liberty.

An

took place; every moment was
precious. Our army-our treas-
ure our resources—our national
honor-averse to rivet chains up-
on the necks of other nations, and
to fight against liberty and our
former companions in arms, were
at stake. Every one shared this
feeling; but the heart of the na-
tion-the focus of enthusiasm, the
youth of the army and of the col-
leges, as well as a great part of
the garrison at Warsaw, and of
the citizens impressed with this
sentiment, resolved to give the
signal for the insurrection.
electric spark in a moment in-
flamed the army, the capital, and
the whole country. The night
of November 29, was illuminated.
by the fire of liberty. In one day
the capital was delivered; in a
few days all the divisions of the
army were united by the same
sentiment, the fortresses occupied,
the natives armed, the brother of
the Emperor, with the Russian
troops, relying upon the generosity
of the Poles, and owing his safety
to this step alone. Such were
the acts of this heroic, noble rev-
olution, which is as pure as the
enthusiasm of the youth whose
offspring it is.

The Polish nation have risen from their abasement and degradation, with the firm resolution no longer to bend beneath the iron yoke which has just been

broken, and not to lay down the arms of their ancestors until they have regained their independence and power, the only guarantee of their liberties; until after having secured the enjoyment of these liberties, which they claim upon a two-fold right-namely, as the honorable heritage of their forefathers, and as the urgent want of the age; and finally, until after being re-united to their brethren, subject to the yoke of the Cabinet of St Petersburgh, and having delivered them, they shall have made them sharers of their liberties and independence. We have not been influenced by any national hatred against the Russians, with whom we have a common origin; on the contrary, at the first moment we felt pleasure, on the loss of our independence, in thinking that, although our reunion under the same sceptre, was injurious to our interests, yet it might cause a population of forty millions to partake of the enjoyment of constitutional liberties, which, in the whole civilized world, had become equally necessary both to nations and sovercigns.

Convinced that our liberty and independence, far from having been hostile to the neighboring states, have, on the contrary, served at all times as an equilibrium and shield to Europe, and may now become more useful than ever, we appear in the presence of sovereigns and nations, with the assurance that the voice of policy and humanity will be equally heard in our favor.

If even in this struggle, the dangers of which we do not con

ceal from ourselves, we were to fight alone for the interest of all, full of confidence in the sanctity of our cause, in our own valour, and in the assistance of the Almighty, we will fight till our last gasp for liberty; and if Providence have destined this land to perpetual slavery; if in this last struggle the freedom of Poland is to fall beneath the ruins of its towns, and the bodies of its defenders, our enemies shall only reign over deserts, and every good Pole, when dying, will carry with him the consolation, that if Heaven has not permitted him to save his own liberty and his own country, he has, at least, by this deadly combat, placed the liberties of threatened Europe under shelter for a moment.

(Signed)

Prazinowski, Bishop of Plock; Miazynski, Palatine Senator; Potocki, Castellan Senator; W. Zurierchowski, Deputy of Warsaw; G. Malachowski, Nuncio of the district of Szydtouree; Swidzinski, (Constantine) Nuncio of Opoczno; Biernacki, (Aluis), Nuncio of the district of Wielun; Lelewel (Joachim), Nuncio of the district of Welechow; Malachowski, Castellan Senator; Prince Adam Czartoryspi, Palatine Senator; Prince Michel Radziwill, Palatine Senator; Gliszczynski, Castellan Senator; Kochanowski, Castellan Senator; Wodzinski, Castellan Senator; L. Pac, Castellan Senator; the Count Ladislas Ostrowski, Marshal of the Diet; Count Jean Lepochowski, Nuncio of the Palatine of Cracow; Francois. Soltyk, Nuncio of the Palatinate of Sadomir; Morawski, (Theoph

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2. The Council of Administration shall resume its functions, as instituted in 1826.

3. The authorities, civil and military, shall obey its orders, and not acknowledge any illegitimate authority.

4. The chiefs of corps of the army shall assemble the troops, and shall direct their course with them to the rendezvous at Plozn.

5. At the same time they will inform us of the state of the troops.

6. All who shall not conform

Proclamation of the Emperor of to this military order, shall cease

Poles,

Russia.

The guilty events of which the Capital of Poland presents the example, has troubled the public tranquillity of the country: I have been informed of them with the most just indignation, and with a sentiment of the most profound grief.

Some individuals unworthy of the Polish name, have formed a conspiracy against the life of the brother of your King, have inveigled the army to forget their oaths, and have deceived the people upon their dearest inter

ests.

There is yet time to make reparation, and to prevent infinite misfortunes. I am not about to confound those who abjure the errors of a moment, with those who persevere in crime. Poles, listen to the counsels of a father: obey the order of your Sovereign. In publishing our immutable intentions, we have ordered,

1. The Russians who are detained prisoners shall be set at liberty.

their functions, and be declared dismissed.

The local authorities shall de

prive of their arms all those who are opposed to public order. The arms shall be confided to the care of veterans, and of the communal gens d'armes.

Soldiers of the Polish army! your motto has always been fidelity and honor. The regiment of Cavalry Chasseurs of the Royal Guard have given a remarkable proof of it. Soldiers, follow their example, justify the confidence of your Sovereign, who has received your oaths!

Poles! you have remained faithful, I count upon your devotion and courage. I will not spurn from me those who regret the error of a moment, and who will return to their duty. But never shall I address men without honor and faith, who have conspired against the tranquillity of their country. What concessions can they imagine they will receive without arms in their hands? They deceive themselves. Traitors of their country, the misfor

tunes which they have drawn
down will fall again upon their
own heads.

St Petersburgh, Dec. 5 (17th.)
(Signed) NICHOLAS.
Count ETIENNE GRABBOUSKI,
Minister Secretary of State.

Russian Manifesto against

Poland.

We, Nicholas, by the Grace of God, Emperor and Autocrat of all the Russias, &c., to all our faithful subjects, greeting:

saw, with the Russian troops he had with him, and the Polish troops that remained faithful to their duty, and not act offensively, in order to avoid all occasion for the effusion of blood, to show clearly the absurdity and the falsehood of the reports that were spread, to give the authorities of the city time and means, with the aid of the well-disposed citizens, to recall to their duty those who had been led astray, and to keep the evil-minded in check, but this expectation was not fulfilled. The A terrible treason has convuls- Council of Administration could ed the kingdom of Poland, which not succeed in restoring order, inis united to Russia. Evil-minded cessantly menaced by the rebels, men, whom the benefits of the who had formed illegal meetings, Emperor Alexander, the magnan- and who had changed its compoimous restorer of their country, sition by removing the members had not disarmed, and who, under named by us, and establishing oththe protection of the Constitution ers, forced on it by the chiefs of which he had granted them, en- the conspirators. joyed the fruits of his solicitude, nothing left for it to do but earnplotted the overthrow of the or- estly to entreat the Cesarowitsch der of things introduced by him, to send back the Polish troops and marked the outset of their who had left Warsaw, with him, crimes, on the 17th (29th) of in order to preserve public and November, by rebellion, blood- private property from further pilshed, and criminal attempts on lage. Soon this council was tothe life of our beloved brother tally dissolved, and the whole and Grand Duke Constantine power placed in the hands of a Paulowitsch. Taking advantage General. At the same time a reof the darkness of the night, a fu- port was spread of a similar insurrious multitude, instigated by rection in all the provinces of the them, attacked the palace of the kingdom of Poland. The same Cesarowitsch, while, at the same means where everywhere emtime, by spreading in several quar- ployed; seduction, menaces, falseters of the city false reports that hoods, the object of which was the Russian troops were massa- to subject the peaceable citizens creing the peaceable citizens, they to the power of some rebels. In succeeded in gaining the people, these serious and deplorable cirand filling the city with all the cumstances, the Cesarowitsch horrors of anarchy. The Cesaro- thought it necessary to follow the witsch then resolved to take up a advice of the Council of State, position in the environs of War- and he permitted the small num

There was

ber of Polish troops who had remained faithful to return to Warsaw, in order, if possible, to protect persons and property. He himself, with the Russian troops, quitted the kingdom of Poland, and, on the 1st (13th) of December, arrived at the village of Wiodaw, in Volhynia. In this manner a crime which had long been meditated was consummated. After so many calamities, the Polish nation was enjoying peace and prosperity, under the protection of our Government; again it precipitates itself into an abyss of revolt and misery, and troops of these credulous men, though struck with fear at approaching chastisement, dare to think of victory for some moments, and to propose conditions to us, their legitimate master.

Russians, you know that we reject them with indignation. Your hearts, burning with zeal for the throne, comprehends what ours feels. At the first news of the treason, your answer was a new oath of unalterable fidelity, and at this moment we see, in the whole extent of our vast empire, only one impulse, in the hearts of all only one sentiment, the desire of sparing no effort for the honor of their Sovereign, the inviolability of the empire, and to sacrifice to it their riches, prosperity, and even their lives. We have contemplated, with emotion, this generous transport of the love of the people to our person and to the country, and we consider it as a sacred duty to answer to it by words of moderation.

New sacrifices, new efforts will not be necessary. God, the de

fender of the legitimate cause, is with us, and powerful Russia is able, in a single battle, to reduce to obedience those who have dared to disturb the peace. Our faithful troops, who have very recently distinguished themselves by numerous victories, are already assembling on the western frontier of the empire. We are ready to punish the treason, but, at the same time, we will distinguish between the innocent and the guilty, and pardon the weak, who, through inability to resist, or through fear, followed the torrent of rebellion.

No, all the subjects of our kingdom of Poland, all the inhabitants of Warsaw have not taken part in the conspiracy and its deplorable consequences. Several have shown by dying gloriously, that they knew their duty; others, as we have seen by the reports of the Grand Duke, were obliged to return, with tears of despair, to the places occupied by the rebels: they form, with the victims of fraud and seduction, the greater part of the army and of the kingdom of Poland. We addressed them in a proclamation of the 5th (17th) of this month, in which, expressing our just displeasure at the violation of faith, we gave orders to put an end to all usurpation of power, illicit armaments, and to replace everything on its former footing. By doing this, they may still repair the fault of their countrymen, and save the kingdom of Poland from the disastrous consequences of a criminal infatuation. In pointing out this as the only means of safety, we make known to all our faith

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