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ENTERED according to Act of Congress, in the year 1832.

By CHARLES BOWEN, in the Clerk's office of the District Court of Massachusetta.

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UNITED STATES,Policy of the Administration.-Sectional Parties.-

Policy of the Southern States of the Northern.—Periodical Press.-

Political Machinery.--Political Course of the President.—Quarrels with

the Vice President.-Change of Cabinet.-Causes of Resignations.-

Character of New Cabinet opposition.--Anti-Masonic Party - Origin of

same.--Principles of Anti-Masonic Party.—Effect upon the Politics of

the Union.

9

Indian Affairs.Conduct of Georgia. --Case of George_ Tassel.

Resolutions of State Legislature.-Survey of the Cherokee Territory:

Proceedings of State Legislature.-Co-operation of the Federal Govern-

ment.-Occupation of the Cherokee Country.- Arrest of Missionaries.-

Condemnation and Imprisonment of.- Process in Supreme Court of the

United States. Judgment of Court.-Change in mode of Paying Indian

Annuities.-Treaty with the Cherokees.-Proceedings of Senate.--Motion

in House on the Indian Relations.-To reform mode of distributing An.

nuities.

Foreign Relations.-Claims on France.-Conduct of France.- Meas.

ures of Administration.-Objections to Claims.-Louisiana Treaty:-

Beaumarchais. — Treaty with France.--Intercourse with British West In-

dies.-North East Boundary.--Origin of Controversy.-Treaty of 1783.-

Of 1794--of 1814-of 1827.-Umpire appointed.-Award. - Protest on

the part of the United States.

39

Opening of Congress - President's Message.- Impeachment of Judge

Peck.Trial. Acquittal.- Act declaring Law of Contempts.--Bill

to Repeal the 25th Section of Judiciary Act.-Judicial System of United

States.-Mode of executing Resolutions of Continental Congress.-Mode

Provided by Federal Constitution.—Chisholm vs. Georgia.- Amendments

to Constitution.-Twenty-fifth Section.-Cohens vs. Virginia.—Decision

of Court.-Discontent.-Rejection of Bill to Repeal.

53

Distinction between Federal and State Governments.-Prospects of

the Country.-Cominerce.-

Manufactures.- Internal Improvements.-

Policy of Federal Government.--History of Policy.--Madison's

Veto. --Course of Congress.-Monroe's Veto.-Act of April, 1824.-

Object of Act.-Policy of Adams' Administration.—Progress of In-

ternal Improvement.- Course of Jackson's Administration.- Veto.- Bills

Retained. -- Grounds of objection.- Report of Committee on Internal Im-
provement.--Debate in House.-Congress act in opposition to sentiments
of President.-President yields to Congress.

65

Treasury Report for 1830.—Appropriations for Pensions.-For Support

of Government.--Debate on Survey of Public Lands.--Debate

on Mission to Russia.—Debate on Turkish Treaty.--Appropriations for

Navy-for Fortifications—for Army-for the Indian Department-for

Public Buildings.

80

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COLOMBIA.- Geography - Physical Aspect.-- Productions.-Govern-

ment under Spain. - Religion. -Character of the people.—Causes of the

Rovolution.-Revolutionary Movements.—Miranda.-Events of Bayonne.

-Juntas.-Independence.

122

GERMANY.--Importance of.—Fall of the Western Empire, and its revival

under Charlemagne.-Electors.—Constitution of the Holy Roman Em-

pire.—Diet of the Empire.-French Revolution.-Dissolution of the

German Empire.-Confederation of the Rhine.--Its dissolution.-Con-

gress of Vienna.-Mediatised Princes.-Deliberations respecting the re-

construction of the German Empire.--As to Saxony.-New confederacy.

--Its objects.-- Provisions of the Act of Confederacy:-Diet at Frank-

fort.-General and Ordinary Assembly:-Powers of the members of the

Diet.—Deliberations of the Diet.-Federal Army.- Internal Navigation.

-Tariffs.--Commercial Conventions.-Literature.-Copy-Rights.-

Liberty of the Press.—Patriotic Associations.-Central Commission at

Mentz.—Constitutions of Saxe Weimar.- Bavaria.-Wertemburgh, Han.

over, Baden, Nassau, Prussia, Austria, &c.-Quarrel of the Duke of

Brunswick with George IV.-Decision of the Diet.-Revolution in

Brunswick.-Commotions in Saxony, Hesse Cassel, &c.

137

THE PENINSULA.-Portugal.- Emigrants.—Negotiation.-Distress of

the country.-Operations at Terceira.—Conduct of England.—Don Pe-

dro.—Effect of the French Revolution.-Collision with England. - And

with France.-Regency at Terceira.-Spain.-Attempt of the Exiles.-

Mina.-Disputes.-Attack from Bayonne.-From Pespignan.-Torrijos. 151

GREECE AND TURKEY.—Effect of the Treaty of Adrianople.—Proto-

col of February -Choice of Leopold.-He declines.-State of Greece.-

Destruction of the Fleet.-Assassination of Capo d'Istrias. — Turkey.-

Mahmoud's reform.-Revolts.—The Viceroy of Egypt.

159

POLAND.-Frequency of revolutions.--Partition of Poland. Its effects.

-Policy of Napoleon.—The Polish legion.—The Dutchy of Warsaw.-

Congress of Vienna.-Poland subjected to Russia.-Alexander's char:

ter.-Tyranny of the Russians.- Conspiracy of 1825.- Oppression of Ni-

cholas.--New conspiracy.—Effect of the French Revolution.-Designs of

Nicholas. Commencement of the revolution.

167

POLAND CONTINUED.-Provincial Government. The Grand Duke.-Depu-

tation to St. Petersburgh.-Russian proclamation.-State of Warsaw.-

Chlopicki Dictator.— Military preparation.-Radzivil succeeds Chlopicki.

-The Polish forces.--Diebítsch enters Poland.-Military Operations.-

Various engagements.-Negotiations.--Battle of Crokow.-Appointment

of Skrzynecki.—Efforts of the Poles.-Operations of Dwernicki.-Propo-

sitions. -Skrzynecki's operations.—Insurrection in Lithuania --Battle of

Igani.—Retrospect.

181

POLAND CONCLUDED.-Position and Strength of the Armies.-Skrzynecki's

Plans.—Defeat of Licrăwski.-Dwernicki's operations.-The Cholera

Morbus.- Battles of Kuflew and Minsk.-Advance of the Poles. - Battle

of Ostrolenka.-Death of Diebitsch.-Operations in Lithuania.-Bettle of

Wilna.–Jankowski's expeditions.-Excitement in Warsaw.-Disasters

in Lithuania.—Retreat of the Poles.-Chlapowski and Rohland enter

Prussia.—Paskewicz passes the Vistula.–Council of Wor.--Dembinski's

operations.-Fall of Warsaw.—Dispersion of the Polish army.Reflec.

tions.

200

THE NETHERLANDS.-State of things in October

, 1830. — Bombard-

ment of Antwerp.-National Congress. -De Potter's resignation.-Decla-

ration of Independence.-Adoption of monarchy:--Exclusion of the

House of Orange.--Designs of Russia.--The Constitution.-Offer of the

Crown to the Duc de Nemours.-Regency of Lurlet de Chokier.-Confer-

ences of London.—Question of Luxembourg.-Election of Prince Leo-

pold.—Hostilities commenced by Holland.—Opening of the Belgic Cham-

bers.

214

SWITZERLAND.-Forination of the Confederacy:-Constitution of the

Old Republic.-Ils Evil and Abuses.-The French Revolution.-Act of

Mediation.-Compact of 1814.-Its Public Law.-Example of Berne.-

Other Cantons.—Foreign Interference.—Movement in Tessino.-In other

Cantons.-Hostilities in Bale.--Constitution of Berne.-Of other Cantons.

State of Schwytz.-Proceedings of the Diet.-Neufchatel.-Reflections. 225
Page

Maine,

New Hampshire,

Massachusetts,

Rhode Island,

Connecticut,

Vermont,

New York,

New Jersey,

Pennsylvania,

Delaware,

Maryland,

Virginia,

North Carolina,

South Carolina,

Georgia,

Alabama,

Mississippi,

Louisiana,

Tennessee,

Kentucky,

Ohio,

Indiana,

Illinois,

Missouri,

Census of the United States,

305

313

314

318

320

322

323

332
334

340

342

345

* 350

353

356

360

360

361

363

365
367

371

372

374

375

APPENDIX.

1

1

1

Executive Oficers of the United States,

Judiciary,

Diplomatic Corps,

Members of the 21st Congress,

Officers of Congress,

Governors of States and Territories,

Public Debt of the United States,

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