anther, conspicuous in some of the Crenulate, very finely crenate. Connivent, the summits meeting, or bend- Contiguous, so near as to seem to touch. Contorted, twisted; or obliquely overlapping Contracted, narrowed, or reduced into a smaller compass. Contrary dissepiment. Not parallel, but at right angles, or nearly so, with the valves of the pericarp. Convex, presenting an elevated rounded Convolute, rolled into a cylindrical form. CONVOLVULEAE. The proper Convolvulus ance. Coriaceous, tough and leather-like. CORIANDREAE. The Coriandrum Tribe of the Order UMBELLIFERAE. Cormophytes. Plants having a stem, or axis of growth. Cormus. A fleshy subterraneous stem, of a round or oval figure, and an uniform compact texture, as in the Arum, or Indian Turnep. Crested, having an appendage resembling Crisp, curled, or wavy at the edges. CROTONEAE. A Tribe of EUPHORBIACEAE, Crown. A circular series of petaloid appendages at the throat of a corolla; also of chaffy scales at the summit of an akene. Crowned, having appendages resembling a crown. Crown-shaped, resembling the figure of a crown. Cruciate, or cruciform, having 4 petals arranged in form of a cross,—as in Tetradynamous flowers. CRUCIFERAE. The cross-bearing family of plants: Tetradynamous plants with 4 petals arranged in the form of a cross. Crustaceous, having a dry brittle shell. destitute of visible genuine flowers. Cucullate, in the form of a cowl; the edges rolled in so as to meet at base, and spreading above,-like a hood thrown back. CUCURBITACEAE. The Cucurbita or Gourd family. CUCURBITEAE. The special Gourd tribe, of the Order CUCURBITACEAE. CORNACEAE. The Cornus or Dog-wood Culm. The stem of the Grasses, and family. Corneous, having the consistence or ap- Corniculate, having little horns or spurs. CORYPHINAE. A Tribe of the Order PAL- Cotyledons. The seed-lobes, or first Cyperaceous plants. Cuneate, or cuneiform, wedge-shaped; tapering with straight edges to the base. CUPRESSINEAE. The Cupressus or Cypress Sub Order of the CONIFERAE. Cupule. The cuplike involucre of the acorn, &c. CUPULIFERAE. The family of cupule- CUSCUTEAE. The Cuscuta or Dodder Cuticle. The outer skin,-usually thin PODIACEAE, in which the embryo is coiled in a circle round the albumen. Cylindric, long, round, and of uniform diameter. Cyme. A kind of panicle, depressed nearly to the form of an umbel,-with the principal peduncles rising from the same centre, but the subdivisions irregular. Cymose, with the flowers in cymes, or approaching that form. Didynamous, having 2 long and 2 shorter stamens, mostly in a bilabiate, ringent, or personate corolla. Diffuse, spreading widely in a loose irregular manner. Digitate leaf. Where a simple petiole connects several distinct leaflets, finger-like, at its summit, as in the Horse Chesnut. Digynous, having 2 pistils, or 2 distinct stigmas. Dilated, made wider; stretched or expanded. Dimerous, composed of two parts,-as a dimerous calyx or corolla, when there are 2 sepals or petals. Dimidiate, halved, as if one side, or half had been cut off. Dingy, of a dull, soiled, smoky, or leadenbrown color. DATUREAE. The Datura or Thorn-apple tribe of the Order SOLANACEAE. DAUCINEAE. The Daucus or Carrot tribe of the UMBELLIFERAE. Decandrous, having ten distinct stamens. Deciduous, falling off at the usual time, or at the end of the season; more durable than Caducous,-which see. Declinate, or declined, bent off horizon-Dioicously polygamous, having perfect tally; or curved downwards. and imperfect flowers on different Discoid flower, or head. A disk of compound flowers, without ray-florets. Disepalous, having 2 sepals. Disk. The surface of the leaf; also the face, or central part, of a head of compound flowers. Dissected, cut into segments, or lobes. Dissepiment. The partition between the eells of seed-vessels. Distant, having a larger intervening space than usual. Distichous, two-rowed; bearing leaves, flowers, &c. in 2 opposite rows. Distinct, separate; not connected with each other, nor with any contiguous organ. Divaricate branches. Spreading so as to form more than a right angle with the stem above. Divergent, spreading widely; making a right angle, or nearly so, with the stem. Divided, separated or cleft to the base,or to the midrib, if a leaf. Dorsal, belonging to, or growing on, the back. Dorsal suture. The line or seam on the back of a carpel, or folded leaf,-being at the place of the midrib: the opposite of ventral suture,-which see. Dorsally compressed, flatted on the back. Dots. Minute tubercles, or specks. Dotted, covered with dots, specks, or minute and slightly elevated points. Downy, clothed with soft fine hairs. Drooping, inclining downwards, more than nodding. Drupaceous, drupe-like,-of a structure resembling a drupe, or what is usually called stone-fruit. Drupe. A fleshy, succulent, or spongy pericarp, without valves, containing a 1 or 2-seeded nut, or stone. Drupel. A little drupe; a constituent por-Equitant leaves. When alternate distion of a compound berry,-such as that of Rubus. DRYADEAE. A tribe of ROSACEAE, typified by the genus Dryas. EBENACEAE. family. Ebracteate, destitute of bracts. Ebracteolate, destitute of bractlets. Ecaudate, destitute of a cauda, or tail. ECHIEAK. A Subtribe of BORAGEAE, resented by the genus Echium. Echinate, hedge hog-like; covered with prickles. The Ebenum or Ebony tichous leaves are infolded lengthwise and towards each other, the outer ones inclosing or embracing the in ner. ERECHTITEAE. A division of the Senecio subtribe of COMPOSITAE, represented by the genus Erechtites. Erect ovules, or seeds. When they arise from the bottom of the ovary, or base rep-ERICACEAE. The Erica or Heath famiof the cell, and point upwards. ly of plants. Elaters. Minute clubshaped filaments, which are coiled round the spores of certain cryptogamous plants, and by unrolling, assist in dispersing those spores. Elliptic, or elliptical, oval; longer than wide, with the two ends narrowing equally. Elongated, exceeding the usual or average length. Elongating, becoming gradually and finally elongated. Emarginate, having a notch or sinus at the end. Embryo. The young plant in the rudimentary state, as it exists in the seed. Emersed, raised out of water. Endocarp. That membranous or bony portion of the pericarp which lines the cavity, or forms the cells for the seeds (ex. gr. the stone, or hard shell, in a Drupe). Endogenous plants. Those which have a single cotyledon, and grow by central deposites of new matter, distending or pushing the older deposites outwards. Endogens. Inside-growers; plants which increase by central or internal deposites of new matter. See Endogenous plants. Enneandrous, having 9 stamens. Ensiform, sword-shaped; two-edged and tapering from base to apex. Entire, having a continuous even margin; without incision, notch, or tooth. ENTOPHYTI. A Subtribe of parasitic FUNGI which develope themselves within the tissue of other, and usually living, plants,-as mildew, &c. Envelope. An integument, or covering. Ephemeral, diurnal; enduring one day only. Epicarp. The outer coating of the pericarp, or fruit. ERICINEAE. The Sub-order of ERICACEAE, of which the genus Erica is the special type. Eroded, or erose, irregularly notched, as Esculent, eatable; fit or safe to be eaten. if gnawed by insects. Etiolation, the blanching of plants,-or rendering them white by the exclusion of light; as practised with Celery, Endive, &c. Eu, a greek adverb, meaning clearly, or certainly, often prefixed to the names of Sub-tribes, or Divisions, indicating their genuineness, or close affinity to the typical genus. EU-ANTHEMIDEAE. A division of the Chamomile Sub-tribe of COMPOSITEAE, embracing plants of the true Anthemis EU-ASTEREAE, The Sub-division of Asstructure or type. ter-like plants, which includes Aster itself, and the most nearly allied nera. ge EU-HELIANTHEAE. A division of the Helianthus Sub-tribe, specially repreEUPATORIACEAE. The Eupatorium Tribe sented by that genus. of the Order COMPOSITAE. EUPATORIEAE. The Sub-tribe of EUPATO RIACEAE, specially typified by the EU-PHASEOLEAE. A Sub-tribe of PHASEOgenus Eupatorium. LEAE, eminently and clearly allied to Phaseolus. EUPHORBIACEAE. The Euphorbia family of plants. EUPHORBIEAE. A tribe of EUPHORBIACEAE, specially typified by the genus Eu phorbia. EU-SENECIONEAE. A division of the Senecio tribe, specially represented by that genus. Evanescent, disappearing; speedily vanishing. Even-pinnate leaf. With the leaflets all in pairs, or without a terminal odd Epigynous, adnate to the ovary so that one; often termed abruptly pinnate. the upper portion is apparently inser- Evergreen, continuing green, and perted on its summit,-as sepals, petals,_sisting all the year. and more especially stamens: exem- Exalbuminous, destitute of albumen. plified in Umbelliferae and Araliaceae. Excentric, deviating from the axis, or Epipetalous, inserted on the petals. centre. Equal, similar parts equal among them- Exfoliate, to throw off layers or plates,selves, as calyx-segments, sepals, as bark, &e. petals, stamens, &c. EQUISETACEAE. The Equisetum family. Exogenous plants. Those which have 2 (or sometimes more) cotyledons, weight. Flagelli form, long, slender, and pliable,like a whip lash. and grow by annual layers of wood) Flaccid, so limber as to bend by its own (or new matter) on the outside, between the old wood and bark. Exogens. Outside-growers; plants which increase by annual additions to the outside. See Exogenous plants. Exsert, or exserted, projecting, or protruding out,-as stamens from the tube of the corolla. Exstipulate, destitute of stipules. Family of plants. A definite group of a Fan-shaped, cuneate below, and spread- Fascicle. A little bundle, or bunch, of Favose, deeply pitted; somewhat like a Feather-veined leaf. Where the lateral veins (or nerves) diverge regularly from each side of the midrib,-like the plumage of a quill. Ferruginous, of the color of rust of iron; reddish-brown. Fertile, having perfect pistils, and pro- FESTUCACEAE. The Festuca or Fescue Fide, on the faith, or authority, of.. FILICES. The family of Ferns. Filiform, very slender and terete,. like Fimbriae. Fringes, or fringe-like pro cesses. Fimbriate, finely divided at the edge. like a fringe. Fimbrillate, clothed with fimbrillae (i. e membranaceous,. linear or subulate. filaments)-as the receptacle of thistles, &c. Fissure. A slit, crack, or narrow opening. Fistular, hollow and terete, like a pipe. tubular. Flabelliform, fan-shaped,-which see. B* FLAVIFLORAE. The yellow-flowered tribe Floral envelopes. The verticils, or cover- Floriferous, bearing flowers. A Sub-tribe of the Order ROSACEAE, typified by the genus Fragaria, or Strawberry. FRAXINEAE. The Fraxinus or Ash tribe of the Order Oleaceae. Free, not adhering to each other, nor to Frond. The leaf, or leaf-like expansion, Fructification. The flower and fruit, Fruit. The mature ovary or seedvessel, and its contents. Frutescent, becoming shrubby, or hard Fruticose, shrub-like, or shrubby. Funiculus. The little cord by which Galea. A helmet; the arched upper lip GALEGEAE. The Galega tribe of the Gamosepalous, having the sepals all A tribe of FUNGI. with the spores in a ventral sac. Generic, pertaining or relating to a genus. Geniculate, forming an angle at the GENTIANEAE. The proper Gentian tribe Gibbous, hunched, or swelled out, on Glandular, furnished with glands. or a Glaucous, silvery; pale bluish- tube, formed by the connate filaments of the Asclepias family. Habit of plants. Their general external appearance and mode of growth, by which they are recognized at sight. Habitat, or habitatio. The natural or native place of growth. Halved, one-sided,-as if one half had been cut off. Hastate, shaped like a halbert; lanceoJate, with a divaricate lobe on each side of the base. Head. A dense roundish cluster of sessile flowers.. HELIANTHEAE. A Sub-tribe of Seneciolike plants, typiffed by the genus Helianthus. HELLEBOREAE. The Helleborus tribe of the Order RANUNCULACEAE. Heptandrous, having 7 stamens. Herbaceous, not woody; of a tender consistence, and usually destructible by frost. Herbarium. A collection of dried specimens of plants. Herbs. Plants which are not woody-of a more tender structure than trees and shrubs, and usually killed by frost. Heterocephalous flowers. Heads of Syngenesious florets of different sexual character (i. e. staminate and pistillate heads distinct) on the same plant,—as in Ambrosia, &c. Heterogamous heads. Heads of Syngenesious flowers, containing florets of different structure and sexual character. Heterophyllous, having leaves of differ ent forms. Hexamerous, consisting of 6 parts. Glomerate, densely clustered in small Hexandrous, having 6 stamens of equal heaps, or irregular heads. length. family. Glomerules. Small dense roundish Hilum. The scar left on a seed, at the clusters. point of attachment to the funiculus. Glumaceous, chaff-like; resembling chaff HIPPOCASTANACEAE. The Horse-chesnut or glumes Glumes. The bracts, or outer chaff, em- Hirsute, rough-haired; clothed with bracing the spikelets of the grasses (calyx, of Linn.). See Palea. Glumose, having glumes (or, sometimes. having conspicuous glumes). Glutinous, viscid; covered with an ad hesive fluid. GNAPHALIEAE. A Sub-tribe of Senecio- GRAMINEAE. The family of true Grasses. grasses Graniferous, bearing a grain, or grains. Granular, formed of grains, or small particles. stiffish hairs. Hispid, bristly; beset with rigid, spreading, bristle-like hairs. Hoary, covered with a white or whitish Homogamous heads. Heads of Synge- Horn. A process or elongation resem- GROSSULACEAE. The family of Gooseberries and Currants. Gymnospermous, having the seeds na- Horny, of a texture or consistence like ked-i. e. not inclosed in a pericarp. horn. See corneous. Gynandrous. having the stamens grow-Humus. The mould, or soil, formed by ing on, or adhering to, the pistil. the decomposition of vegetable matter. Gynostegium. The pistil-covering, or HYACINTHEAE. A tribe of the Sub-order |