PARAGRAPH 487-ALIZARIN.

tional nature, at the same time leaving windows, imported directly upon the order of churches, dutiable at such rate as Congress sees fit to impose. In other words, the exemption extends only to windows which are gifts to churches, and is an encouragement to the donors of these artistic devotional works of art.

This matter has already been fully presented to your committee in the brief and argument filed in behalf of Messrs. Mayer & Co. (Tariff Hearings, 1913, first proof, pp. 472-479), to which we refer for a more detailed examination of the subject. We are satisfied that the proposed exemption will make no serious inroads upon the business done by domestic concerns, and that it will be in harmony with the liberal policy of Congress toward religious institutions.

Respectfully, yours,

MAYER & Co.,

TYROLESE ART GLASS CO., Per THEO. ROSE, Attorney.

BRIEF OF THE AMERICAN COTTON MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION, WEST DURHAM, N. C.

WEST DURHAM, N. C., January 22, 1913.

Section 487: Alizarin, natural or artificial, and dyes derived from alizarin or from anthracene.

Section 592: Indigo.

Hon. OSCAR W. UNDERWOOD,

Chairman Committee on Ways and Means, Washington, D. C.

DEAR SIR: We respectfully petition that all of the above "fast colors" be left on the "free list" in view of the following facts:

From the standpoint of the southern colored cotton goods manufacturer this is quite an important matter. Twenty years ago practically no colored goods in "fast colors" were manufactured in the Southern States; development and self-interest have changed all this; for example, at least 85 per cent of the indigo denims (used for workingmen's overalls) made in the United States are now manufactured by southern mills.

THE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTH.

Without doubt an important factor in the development of the colored goods mills in the South has been the introduction and adoption of "fast colors"; in other words, the "fast colors" have made possible in the South the production of low-priced cotton fabrics of real worth. It is one thing to give a "fast cloor" fabric to a buyer of a $5 custom-made shirt, but it is a much greater achievement to produce a fabric with the same "fast colors" for a workingman's shirt that retails for 50 cents; this is no exaggeration; it is precisely what the industry is doing to-day.

THE ECONOMICAL ADVANTAGES.

The economical advantage of these "fast-color" fabrics to the consumer is very great; take, for example, two pieces of cloth made from the same grade of cotton and identical in every respect, except that one is dyed with indigo, alizarin, or any of the anthracene dyes (according to the color required) and the other with less permanent colors. Assume the age of the garment (say a pair of overalls, a man's or boy's shirt, or a woman's or child's dress) under normal household conditions to be six months; the "fast colors" outlast the fabric-that is, the cloth will be worn out from use and repeated washings without destroying the color; this means the full value of 100 per cent of the cloth.

On the other hand, garments made from cloths where less permanent or fugitive colors have been used are discarded after a few washings owing to the unsightly appearance of the garment with the result that the wearer realizes only a small centage of what would otherwise be the full value of the cloth.

CLOTHING FOR OUR WORKING PEOPLE.

per

Our feeling, therefore, is that in the use of "fast colors" the southern colored cotton manufacturers have accomplished something worth while for the working people of this country, who are the wearer of our fabrics.

Taken as a whole, the colored cotton industry of the United States is now the largest producer of "fast-color" fabrics of any nation in the world.

PARAGRAPH 487-ALIZARIN.

A good idea of the scope of fabrics in which these "fast colors" are used and the uses to which the fabrics are put in the making up of garments for working men, women, boys, and girls may be gathered from the exhibit placed before the Senate Finance Committee at the hearing accorded our association in March, 1912 (see attached report).

As will be observed these exhibits cover the whole range of colored cotton cloths used for clothing by the masses.

WHERE THE BURDEN WOULD FALL.

The question may be asked whether a duty of 10 per cent, as proposed in H. R. 20182, would fall upon the dyestuff manufacturers or upon the cotton manufacturers. The answer is, that we purchase our indigo and the various other fast dyes coming under section 487 under term contracts; prices charged being based upon free entry, we agreeing to pay any duty that may be imposed upon the merchandise during the age of our contract.

From this you will see that the duty, whatever it may be, would in the first instance fall upon the cotton industry and finally upon the consumer of our goods.

To complete the record of our effort we beg to refer to the attached:

(1) Copy of the testimony of our special committee of the American Cotton Manufacturers Association before the Senate Finance Committee in March, 1912, protesting against the duty as proposed in H. R. 20182.

(2) Senate Bulletin, Report 636, part 2, "Views of a minority":

(a) On page 3 amend by striking out lines 3 and 4, which constitute paragraph 6,

and read as follows:

"Alizarine, natural or artificial, and dyes derived from alizarine or anthracene, 10 per cent ad valorem."

(3) On page 10, line 16, strike out first word, "indigo".

"By these amendments the dyes which are used in coloring the cheaper cotton goods are left upon the free list, where they have been in previous tariff bills, and where, we think, they should remain in the interest of the consumer."

In the report of Committee on Ways and Means submitted with H. R. 20182: "In revising duties of the chemical schedule the committee has given special attention to the textile industries for reasons similar to those which prompted action in revising the duty on products relating to the paper industry. The cotton and woolen manufacture industries are the largest consumers of chemicals in this country. It is specially desirable to reduce the duties of the chemical products in Schedule A used in the manufacture of textiles."

In Senate Bulletin, Report 636, part 2, "Views of a minority," page 3, paragraph 3: "The manufacturers of woolen and cotton goods are the largest consumers of chemicals in this country, and in view of the fact that bills effecting large reductions in the duties upon woolen goods are now pending before Congress, which are soon to be followed by a bill reducing the duties upon manufactures of cotton, a reduction in duties upon chemicals used in the manufacture of both woolen and cotton goods should be made, as such chemicals are largely imported at a price increased by the duties." We are in accord with the spirit of the contention on this score and respectfully petition for the retention of these "fast dyes" on the free list.

We have tried to make clear the reasons for our recommendation and venture the hope that your honorable committee may come to the view that they outweigh whatever argument prompted the proposal to take these materials off the free list. Very respectfully,

AMERICAN COTTON MANUFACTURERS' ASSOCIATION, By R. M. MILLER, Jr.,

Chairman, Committee on Tariff and Legislation.

[S. Rept. No. 636, pt. 2, 62d Cong., 2d sess.]

The undersigned, members of the Committee on Finance, to which was referred the bill H. R. 20182, entitled "An act to amend an act entitled 'An act to provide revenue, equalize duties, and encourage the industries of the United States, and for other purposes,' approved August 5, 1909, " dissent from the report of the committee, and recommend that the bill do pass with the following amendments:

(1) On page 3 amend by striking out lines 3 and 4 which constitute paragraph 6 and read as follows: "Alizarin, natural or artificial, and dyes derived from alizarin or from anthracene, ten per centum ad valorem."

PARAGRAPH 487-ALIZARIN.

(2) On page 10, lines 9 and 10, strike out the words "gum copal, one-half of 1 per cent per pound;" also on page 10, line 13, strike out the words "gum kauri and damar." (3) On page 10, line 16, strike out the first word “Indigo.'

(4) On page 12, line 25, strike out the words "and soya-bean," and on page 13, line 1, the first word "oil."

(5) On page 13, line 9, strike out the words "Chinese-nut oil."

(6) On page 17, line 21, strike out the word "twenty-five," and substitute in lieu thereof the word "fifteen," and on page 18, lines 1 and 2, strike out the word "twentyfive" and substitute therefor the word "fifteen."

(7) On page 21, after paragraph 78, insert as a new paragraph the following: "Alizarin, natural or artificial, and dyes derived from alizarín or from anthracene, and indigo."

(8) On page 22, after paragraph 88, insert as a new paragraph the following: "Gum copal, gum kauri, and damar.

(9) On page 22, in line 25, after the word "petroleum," insert the following: "Soya bean oil and Chinese-nut oil."

By these amendments the dyes which are used in coloring the cheaper cotton goods are left upon the free list where they have been in previous tariff bills, and where, we think, they should remain in the interest of the consumer.

By amendment 7 the duty upon varnishes is reduced from 25 per cent ad valorem to 15 per cent ad valorem, it being evident from the testimony of manufacturers of varnishes at the hearings before the Finance Committee that such a reduction can be made without any injury to these industries, provided their imported raw materials are left upon the free list. In fact, they frankly admitted that the need for protection had very largely disappeared.

We recommend the passage of the bill with these amendments for the following

reasons:

1. Because it furnishes a more scientific classification both as to subjects and as to rates of duty and makes a reduction in many of the rates of duty now too high and which were but slightly reduced by the tariff act of August 5, 1909, and because under it the duties laid more nearly approach a revenue basis without crippling any American industry.

It appears from the census reports of the manufactures of chemicals and allied products in 1910 that the value of the products manufactured by the 11,863 establishments engaged in the business was $1,479,700,000; that the total wages paid was $116,214,000, and salaries $81,037,000, making the total of wages and salaries $197,251,000, or 13.33 per cent of the value of the products. Deducting from the estimated imports given in the report of the Ways and Means Committee for the first twelvemonth period of all the articles covered by H. R. 20182, $96,770,850, the value of the imports that would come in free of duty by reason of the amendments proposed, $8,285,800, would leave imports of the value of $88,485,050, and deducting from the estimated duties upon imports given in the report of the Ways and Means Committee as $16,120,097, the duties which would be collected on the imports which would come in free under the amendments, amounting to $758,393, the duties collected under the schedule as amended would amount to $15,362,304, making an average ad valorem duty of 17.35 per cent, which will more than cover the total labor cost and salaries. It can not be urged, therefore, that the reduction proposed by this bill will cause a reduction of the wages of those employed in these industries.

2. At the hearings before the Finance Committee in the first session of the Sixtysecond Congress upon the act entitled "An act to promote reciprocal trade relations with the Dominion of Canada, and for other purposes," it was claimed by the manufacturers of pulp and paper in the United States that they would be at a great disadvantage in competing with the Canadian manufacturers because of the higher duties which they were compelled to pay upon the chemicals used by them. Under the provisions of this act, which went into effect upon its passage July 26, 1911, wood pulp and paper from Canada, when imported into this country free of any export duty or license fee, are admitted free of duty; and under the favored-nation clause in treaties other nations are now claiming admission of their pulp and paper into the United States free of duty. Already about 70 per cent of our total imports of wood pulp and paper from Canada enters the United States free of duty; and for the period of five months from August 1 to December 31, 1911, these importations, in the case of wood pulp mechanically ground, amounted to $1,327,230, and of chemical pulp, bleached and unbleached, $365,866. Under these conditions our paper manufacturers are entitled to relief, where it can be fairly given, by the reduction of duties upon chemicals extensively used by them, which H. R. 20182 does, as is shown by the following table:

PARAGRAPH 487-ALIZARIN.

Important chemicals used in paper manufacture and reduction in duty upon the same by H. R. 20182.

3. The manufacturers of woolen and cotton goods are the largest consumers of chemicals in this country, and in view of the fact that bills effecting large reductions in the duties upon woolen goods are now pending before Congress, which are soon to be followed by a bill reducing the duties upon manufactures of cotton, a reduction in duties upon the chemicals used in the manufacture both of woolen and cotton goods should be made, as such chemicals are largely imported at a price increased by the duties.

The following tables, compiled from reports of the Census Bureau, show the extent of the use of chemicals and dyestuffs in the manufacture of woolen and cotton fabrics Cost of chemicals and dyestuffs used in all branches of the wool manufacturing industry. [Compiled from reports of Census Bureau.]

PARAGRAPH 487-ALIZARIN.

Summary of principal materials other than fibers used in the manufacture of cotton goods in the United States, by geographic divisions, 1889, 1899, 1904, and 1909.

The changes in rates of duty made by H. R. 20182 in chemicals and dyestuffs used in the manufacture of woolen goods are shown by the following table:

A large amount of the dyestuffs used in American cotton mills is manufactured in Germany and other foreign countries, and hence the rates of duty on these imports are of prime moment to our cotton manufacturers.

Some of the important chemicals which are included in the large quantity used in the cotton industry and the changes in the duties proposed by H. R. 20182 are presented by the following statement: