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PARAGRAPH 709—PERSONAL EFFECTS, ETC.

with some clothing on his back and a few of the above articles. Why should he not be allowed to bring other personal effects? Why should he be obliged to pay duty on a few edible articles that a kind or indulgent friend or parent may have given him, so as to enable him to live while en route to this country, or perhaps for a few weeks after he shall have arrived here? Is it not an outrage that duty should be taken from the immigrant as soon as he arrives, carrying a few of the articles necessary for his very existence for the first month in this country, when he needs his few dollars more than at any other time of his life?

Because of the difficulty in determining in many cases which are personal effects and which are household effects, would it not seem sensible to combine these two paragraphs into one and let the immigrant bring with him his used personal and household effects with the privilege of bringing in a few new articles coming to this country? Of course the new articles should be limited in value and quantity so as to avoid the abuse of this privilege. Surely no one would deny the right of an immigrant to have one or two suits of new clothing. No American citizen wishes to see people come to this country in tattered or torn rags. It certainly would be humane to let him bring in enough to support himself until he shall have gained a foothold in the country, and why should he not be allowed to bring in his effects within a reasonable time before or after his arrival, according to circumstances?

Again, take paragraph 645, relative to tools of trade, occupation, and employment. The law requires such tools to be in the actual possession of the immigrant. How absurd a proposition to require them to be in the berth with the passenger. A carpenter or a mason traveling to the nearest town would ship his tools by freight, and yet a person traveling from an inland town, across the ocean, and perhaps many miles in the United States, must actually encumber himself with heavy luggage, when the very safety of his person and of his family, who might be coming with him, require him to be as free and as untrammeled as possible. Should not these used tools of trade and other necessary implements of occupation be included in the same category as personal and household effects?

As the law now exists an immigrant must pay duty on a few household effects which are really worth bringing to this country or he must perjure himself to get them in free, because he must take an oath that household effects were used by him for one year abroad. He is not allowed to bring in any clothing that is necessary and suitable for the climate of the country into which he is going because they did not accompany him. He is not allowed to bring in his tools of trade, necessary means for his subsistence, except by the most unusual and troublesome means.

As a matter of fact, the article above summed up practically means the following: That household effects should not be limited to those used abroad for one year, that personal effects should include everything but merchandise of the person immigrating to this country, and that a reasonable amount of new articles may be included in the baggage.

A reasonable time should be allowed to bring in personal effects, so that the immigrant may at least have time to locate and establish a home. Tools of trade should be included as personal effects.

PARAGRAPH 710.

Whalebone, unmanufactured.

PARAGRAPH 711.

Witherite.

PARAGRAPH 712.

JACOB FRIEdenberg.

Wood: Logs and round unmanufactured timber, including pulp woods, firewood, handle bolts, shingle bolts, gun blocks for gunstocks rough hewn or sawed or planed on one side, hop poles, ship timber and ship planking; all the foregoing not specially provided for in this section.

PARAGRAPH 713.

Woods: Cedar, lignum-vitæ, lancewood, ebony, box, granadilla, mahogany, rosewood, satinwood, and all forms of cabinet woods, in the log, rough, or hewn only, and red cedar (Juniperus Virginiana) timber, hewn, sided, squared, or round; sticks of partridge, hair wood, pimento, orange, myrtle, bamboo, rattan, reeds unmanufactured, india malacca joints, and other woods not specially provided for in this section, in the rough, or not further

PARAGRAPH 713-REEDS FOR WHIPS.

advanced than cut into lengths suitable for sticks for umbrellas, parasols, sunshades, whips, fishing rods, or walking canes.

For reeds see F. M. Cleveland, page 5841.

REEDS FOR WHIPS.

The COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND MEANS,

House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.

Section 713 of the free list of the tariff act of 1909 reads in the second clause as follows: "Sticks of partridge, hair wood, pimento, orange, myrtle, bamboo, rattan, reeds unmanufactured, India malacca joints, and other woods not specially provided for in this section, in the rough, or not further advanced than cut into lengths suitable for sticks for umbrellas, parasols, sunshades, whips, fishing rods, or walking canes."

We respectfully request that this clause be amended by the omission of the words "reeds unmanufactured." Reeds are manufactured from rattan, and the present wording of the tariff makes a conflict between the free list and section 212 of Schedule D, under which reeds are subject to duty. The customs authorities have construed that reeds of sizes suitable for the manufacture of whips from one-quarter inch in diameter and larger should be allowed free entry under this clause in the free list. Such reeds can not be unmanufactured, as they are made only by the process of splitting rattan, and they ought not to come in free of duty, as should rattan itself.

We request that rattan be left on the free list. It does not grow in the United States, and is allowed free entry into other countries, and particularly into Germany, which imports more than twice as much rattan as is shipped to all other parts of the world combined.

Yours, respectfully,

HEYWOOD BROS. & WAKEFIELD Co., By FRD. M. CLeaveland.

PARAGRAPH 714.

Works of art, drawings, engravings, photographic pictures, and philosophical and scientific apparatus brought by professional artists, lecturers, or scientists arriving from abroad for use by them temporarily for exhibition and in illustration, promotion, and encouragement of art, science, or industry in the United States, and not for sale, shall be admitted free of duty, under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe; but bonds shall be given for the payment to the United States of such duties as may be imposed by law upon any and all such articles as shall not be exported within six months after such importation: Provided, That the Secretary of the Treasury may, in his discretion, extend such period for a further term of six months in cases where applications therefor shall be made.

PARAGRAPH 715.

Works of art, collections in illustration of the progress of the arts, sciences, or manufactures, photographs, works in terra cotta, parian, pottery, or porcelain, antiquities and artistic copies thereof in metal or other material, imported in good faith for exhibition at a fixed place by any State or by any society or institution established for the encouragement of the arts, science, or education, or for a municipal corporation, and all like articles imported in good faith by any society or association, or for a municipal corporation for the purpose of erecting a public monument, and not intended for sale, nor for any other purpose than herein expressed; but bonds shall be given under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe, for the payment of lawful duties which may accrue should any of the articles aforesaid be sold, transferred, or used contrary to this provision, and such articles shall be subject, at any time, to examination and inspection by the proper officers of the customs: Provided, That the privileges of this and the preceding section shall not be allowed to associations or corporations engaged in or connected with business of a private or commercial character. PARAGRAPH 716.

Works of art, productions of American artists residing temporarily abroad, or other works of art, including pictorial paintings on glass, imported expressly for presentation to a national institution, or to any State or municipal corporation or incorporated religious society, college, or other public institution,

PARAGRAPH 716-PAINTINGS ON GLASS.

except stained or painted window glass or stained or painted-glass windows, and except any article, in whole or in part, molded, cast, or mechanically wrought from metal within twenty years prior to importation; but such exemption shall be subject to such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe.

PAINTINGS ON GLASS.

STATEMENT SUBMITTED BY FREDERICK E. MAYER.
PHILADELPHIA, February 4, 1913.

Mr. OSCAR W. UNDERWOOD,

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DEAR SIR: I noted with pleasure last Saturday morning your interest in the testimony of Mr. T. M. Lane, who presented the case of Messrs. Mayer & Co. and Messrs. Benzinger Bros., importers of ecclesiastical supplies. Mr. Lane's plea in behalf of the free entry of sculpture intended for church use is closely related to another subject, to which I wish to call your attention, viz: Mr. Lane's testimony on January 9 in which he advocated a change in paragraph No. 716, so as to permit the free entry of stained-glass windows intended for church use.

I first learned of Mr. Lane's testimony on Friday afternoon and immediately wrote a brief in which I endeavored to refute some of the statements of Messrs. Mayer & Co. The brief was filed with your committee and will be a part of the revised testimony. Having been written in a very short time, it is necessarily incomplete in some phases of the subject and I therefore take the liberty of submitting to you personally the following additional data:

First. There are two distinct types of church memorial windows-the European type, known as the stained-glass window; and the American type, known as the American opalescent window.

Second. The methods by which each type of window is made are radically different. Stained-glass windows are made of "antique" glass, a special kind of glass made in Europe. The American artist having an order for a stained-glass window imports the "antique" glass in the raw state, i. e., in sheets, then fabricates the window here, using exactly the same method as that employed by the European manufacturer. The stained-glass window is painted throughout its entire surface.

The American opalescent window, on the contrary, is an unpainted window, the only painted parts being the flesh parts, i. e., faces, hands, etc. This type of window is made of glass made exclusively in America and known as American opalescent glass.

Third. European manufacturers make the stained glass window only. American artists can and do make both types of window.

Harry Goodhue, of Boston, makes stained-glass windows exclusively.

Nicola D'Ascenzo, of Philadelphia, makes both types.

The Gorham Co., of New York, has a stained-glass department in which they make stained glass exclusively.

J. & R. Lamb, of New York, make both types of windows.
Willett, of Pittsburgh, makes both types.

Rudy Bros., of York, Pa., and Pittsburgh, make both types.

Fourth. We all feel that there is a promising field in America for the maker of stained-glass windows, particularly with the Catholic and Episcopal bodies, who nearly always prefer the stained-glass window, but this field can not be cultivated without the assistance of the present 45 per cent ad valorem duty. Even under the present tariff, Messrs. Mayer & Co. are always under our prices.

Fifth. The data contained in my brief refers to stained-glass windows only, thus when I say, "About 85 per cent of stained-glass windows sold to American churches are made by foreign manufacturers," I do not include in that estimate the American opalescent window.

Sixth. If you give stained-glass windows, intended for church use, the privilege of free entry, it would necessarily affect the selling price of the American opalescent window as well, for the removal of the present restrictions would immediately widen the field of the European manufacturer and would enable him to underbid us all along the line. The American maker of stained glass would either have to give up making stained-glass windows in America, except those special windows ordered under conditions free from competition, or he would be forced to open a workshop in Europe in order to compete successfully for the American trade.

PARAGRAPH 717-WORKS OF ART.

Seventh. Changing paragraph No. 716 so as to give free entry to the stained-glass window would make paragraph No. 109 noneffective as a revenue producer. Virtually all stained-glass windows imported into America for church purposes are donations to the church. If your appraiser were to attempt to place a value upon the stained-glass window thus imported he would immediately be confronted with the statement that the window in question is a gift to a certain church and can not be subject to a tax.

Eighth. Our raw material (antique glass) is imported under the specifications contained in paragraph 99. There is not a scrap of good antique glass made in America. We are willing to pay the duty on our raw material on condition that the present restriction on imports of foreign stained-glass windows be retained. The granting of free raw material-i. e., free antique glass-would, however, help us very little. The cost of antique glass contained in a $1,500 stained-glass window would cost about $75, the remainder being charged to labor, overhead charges and a fair profit. The labor item is, and always has been, the great item of cost in the stained-glass window. Having made this short explanation, I would respectfully ask that you read my brief which will take only a few minutes more of your time.

Should you desire additional data relating to this matter we will furnish same immediately.

Thanking you in advance for your attention, we beg to remain,
Yours, respectfully,

PARAGRAPH 717.

THE D'ASCENZO STUDIOS, Per FREDERICK E. MAYER.

Works of art, including paintings in oil, mineral, water, or other colors, pastels, original drawings and sketches, etchings and engravings, and sculptures, which are proved to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Treasury under rules prescribed by him to have been in existence more than twenty years prior to the date of their importation, but the term "sculptures" as herein used shall be understood to include professional productions of sculptors only, whether round or in relief, in bronze, marble, stone, terra cotta, ivory, wood, or metal; and the word "painting," as used in this act, shall not be understood to include any article of utility nor such as are made wholly or in part by stenciling or any other. mechanical process; and the words "etchings" and "engravings,' as used in this act, shall be understood to include only such as are printed by hand from plates or blocks etched or engraved with hand tools, and not such as are printed from plates or blocks etched or engraved by photo-chemical processes. Other works of art (except rugs and carpets), collections in illustration of the progress of the arts, works in bronze, marble, terra cotta, parian, pottery, or porcelain, artistic antiquities, and objects of art of ornamental character or educational value which shall have been produced more than one hundred years prior to the date of importation, but the free importation of such objects shall be subject to such regulations as to proof of antiquity as the Secretary of the Treasury may prescribe.

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WORKS OF ART.

R. F. DOWNING & Co.,

New York, February 20, 1913.

Hon. OSCAR W. UNDERWOOD,
Chairman Committee on Ways and Means,

House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.

DEAR SIR: I beg to call your attention to the provisions of paragraph 717 of the act of August 5, 1909, allowing free entry of paintings and other works of art which have been in existence more than 20 years prior to the date of their importation. Also artistic antiquities which have been produced more than 100 years prior to date of importation.

There does not seem to be any good reason why articles of this kind should be accorded free entry. They are imported as a rule by a wealthy class of people who can well afford to pay the duty on same. When ordinary articles which are applied to the same use are imported duty must be paid thereon by the ordinary importer, and as the tariff law which is to be enacted, and which is now being considered by your committee, is understood to be a tariff for revenue, I would suggest that paragraph 717 be eliminated and that the articles mentioned therein be made dutiable under other provisions in the tariff act which provides for such articles.

Yours, respectfully,

M. W. BURCKARD.

MISCELLANEOUS.

6057

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