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Verraes says that it is a fundamental error to deduce international law from international practice; in his view, international law is a moral science in which

practice alone has real value when it is founded on justice and reason; reason and conscience have here, as for other branches of law, supreme authority.

A work constructed on these principles may have some value as a treatise on international morality; it is not international law. The author neglects the precedents of international practice and constructs a treatise which mingles in a confused mass what is international law and what he thinks should be international law. The result is worthless for practical purposes. The work is also open to the criticism of lack of proportion; some important subjects are omitted, and others are inadequately discussed; the treatment of the law of war on land is the best in the work, for here the author deals with the positive principles laid down by the Hague convention for the regulation of that subject.

Older treatises are freely quoted where they sustain the author's views, but there is practically no reference to later treatises, or to recent monographic literature. Such works as Perel's Das internationale öffentliche Seerecht, and Kleen's Lois et usages de la neutralité could have been consulted to much advantage.

W. F. DODD.

Lettres et papiers du Chancelier Comte de Nesselrode. 1760-1850. Publiés et annotés avec une introduction par le comte A. de Nesselrode. (v. 1-4. Paris: A. Lahure. 1904-05.) The publication of Nesselrode's papers and correspondence is an important event in the field of European diplomatic history of the nineteenth century. The first four volumes reach 1812, hardly the beginning of Nesselrode's important diplomatic career, and the later volumes will be awaited with much interest.

La doctrine de Monroë et l'Amérique Latine. Par Daniel Antokoletz. (Paris: Emile Larose. 1905. pp. iii, 208.) This is a doctoral dissertation written in a spirit decidedly hostile to the United States. The author regards the policy of the United States as one of constant aggression against the weaker American states. His positive suggestions are embodied under the title Le péril nord-américain et son remède possible, in which he urges the formation of a confederation of the states of Central and South America.

Commerce in war. By L. A. Atherly-Jones, assisted by H. H. L. Bellot. (London: Methuen and Co. 1907.) This work it intended, in the words of the authors,

to provide a full exposition of the rules of international law which govern the commercial relations of the subjects of neutral and belligerent states.

It will be reviewed in a later number of the JOURNAL.

Volume ii, no. 4 of the Revista de derecho internacional y política exterior is given up almost entirely to papers upon the Moroccan conference at Algeciras.

La codification du droit international privé. Bulletin des conférences de la Haye, is a new periodical publication in the field of private international law. It is edited by the well-known scholar, T. M. C. Asser, and is published at the Hague by Helinfate, under the auspices of the government of the Netherlands.

Professor E. J. Benton of Adelbert College is Albert Shaw lecturer upon international law and diplomacy at the Johns Hopkins University for 1906-1907. His lectures upon Questions of International Law and Diplomacy involved in the Spanish-American War will be issued in book form by the Johns Hopkins University Press.

Professor Joseph Delpech has an extensive article in the Revue Générale de droit international public for November-December, 1906, upon the recent conference (June-July, 1906) for the revision of the Geneva convention. The article covers nearly a hundred pages and forms an extensive commentary upon the work of the conference.

A recent German work which should be of much interest to Americans is: Fahnenflucht und Verletzung der Wehrpflicht durch Auswanderung. Eine rechtwissenschaftliche und politische Studie zu den Deutsch-amerikanischen Bancroftverträgen, by Ludwig Bendix. (Leipzig: Duncker and Humbolt. 1906. pp. xxx, 540.) This book will be reviewed in a later number of the JOURNAL.

Ernest Denis, La fondation de l'empire allemand. (Paris: Armand Colin. 1906. pp. viii, 528), is largely a study of the diplomatic history of the unification of Germany.

Das Kriegsrecht zu Lande in seiner neuesten Gestaltung by Albert Zorn (Berlin: Heymann. 1906), will be reviewed in a later number of the JOURNAL.

The History of the Papacy in the XIX Century, by Dr. Fredrik Nielsen Translated under the direction of Arthur James Mason. (New York: E. P. Dutton and Co. 1906. 2 vols.) This is a translation of

a work by a learned Danish scholar. The history has reached the year 1878, and another volume is planned to cover the papacy of Leo XIII. The volumes now translated contain much of interest to the student of recent diplomatic history.

Reviews will appear in a subsequent number of the JOURNAL of the following works:

International Law. A treatise by L. Oppenheim, LL.D. 2 vols., 1905-1906. Longmans, Green and Company.

The International Law and Diplomacy of the Russo-Japanese War. By Amos S. Hershey, Ph.D. The Macmillan Company. 1906.

The Austinian Theory of War. By W. Jethro Brown. John Murray, 1906.

PERIODICAL LITERATURE OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

Abyssinia. La question d'Ethiopie après l'accord Franco-Anglo-Italien du 13 Décembre, 1906. Charles Michel. Rev. politique et parlementaire, 51:49 (Jan. 10, 1907).

Afghanistan and its ruler. Ameer Ali. Nineteenth Century, Jan., 1907.

Aliens Act, attack on the. William Evans Gordon. National Review, Nov., 1906. Arbitral awards, enforcement of international. Aula Gentium. Law Mag. and Rev. 32:155 (Feb. 1907).

Arbitration. Why the United States obstructs international arbitration. Edward L. Andrews. North Am. Rev. 183:862 (Nov. 21, 1906).

Austria, rôle of, in European policy. Demetrius C. Boulger. North Am. Rev. 183: 1229 (Dec. 21, 1906).

Austria-Servia. Le conflit austro-serbe. René Pinon. Revue des deux mondes, Feb., 1907.

Black Warrior Affair. Henry L. Janes. Am. Hist. Rev. 12:280 (Jan., 1907). Bulgaria. Les événements de Bulgarie et de Roumélie orientale au point de vue de droit international. Michel S. Kebedgy. Rev. de droit international, 2o série, 9:5.

Coal. Value of anthracite in naval war. R. D. Evans. North Am. Rev. 184:246 (Feb. 1, 1907).

Collisions. Should the proposed treaty on collision be made the law of the United States. Frederic Cunningham. Am. Law. Rev. 40:671 (Sept.-Oct. 1906). Commerce. Der staatliche Rechtsgüterschutz auf hoher See. Albert Zorn. Archiv für öffentliches Recht, 21:272.

Congo Free State. Hannis Taylor. Am. Law Rev. 41:102 (Jan.-Feb. 1907). Consuls. Notre commerce d'exportation. II. La réforme consulaire. Georges Gerald. Rev. politique et parlementaire, 51:244 (Feb. 10, 1907).

Consuls. The American consul and American trade. John Ball Osborne. Atlantic, Feb., 1907.

Current notes on international law. T. Baty. Law Mag. and Rev. 32:197 (Feb., 1907).

Declaration of war. La déclaration de guerre est-elle requise par le droit positif. Devrait-elle l'être. C. Dupuis. Rev. gén. de droit int. pob., 13:725. Disarmament. Limitation des armements militaires et navales. Maurice Gobin. Rev. gén, de droit int. pub. 13:736.

Egyptian capitulations and their reform. Juridical Rev., 18:235. (Oct. 1906). Geneva convention. La conférence de la révision de la convention de Genéve (11 juin/6 juillet, 1906). J. Delpech. Rev. gén droit int. pub., 13:629.

Geneva convention. La revizione della convenzione di Ginevra. L. Vannutelli. Rivista di diritto internazionale, 1:421.

German designs on Holland and Belgium. Yves Guyot. North Am. Rev. 184;22 (Jan. 4, 1907).

Germany. Entente-English or German. Alfred Naquet. Nineteenth Century, Jan., 1907.

Hague international peace conference, plans. New England Mag., Jan., 1907. Hague conference, the coming. Amos S. Hershey. Independent, 61:607 (Sept. 13, 1906).

Institute of International law. Verhandlungen . in den Sessionen zu Edinburg 1904, und Gent 1906. Ullman. Zeitschrift für internationales Privat- und Öeffentliches Recht, 16:553.

International Law Association at Berlin. Thomas Baty. Journal Soc. of Comparative Legislation. N. S. 7:pt. 2.

Japan. De la condition juridique des étrangers au Japon. H. Nagaoka. Journal du droit international privé, 33:1055. Japanese exclusion, what it would mean.

(Jan. 4, 1907).

Osborne Howes. North Am. Rev. 184:29

Joris. Les capitulations et la justice répressive ottomane, à propose de l'affaire Joris. N. Politis. Revue de droit int. privé et de droit penal int., 2:659. Korea, an appanage of Japan. Dalni Vostock. National Review, Nov. 1906. Moroccan question as seen from Morocco. Asaad Kalarji Karam. North Am. Rev. 188:1041 (Nov. 16, 1906).

Macedonia and the neutralization of Constantinople. Edwin Pears. Contemporary,
Feb., 1907.

Manchuria, situation in. Thomas F. Millard. Scribners, March, 1907.
Monroe doctrine; its status. John F. Simmons. Mich. Law Rev. 5:236 (Feb., 1907).
Morocco. Algeciras Conference. Revista de derecho internacional, 2:267–351.
Morocco. À Algeciras. André Tardieu. Revue des deux mondes, 38:81 (March
1, 1907).

Muscat Dhows. J. Westlake. Law Quar. Rev. 23:83 (Jan., 1907).

Naturalization, British nationality and. G. Addison Smith. Juridical Review,

18:273 (Oct., 1906).

Nesselrode, Les papiers de M. de. Bernard de Lacombe. Revue d'histoire diplomatique, 20:497.

Neutrals. Les devoirs des neutres dans la guerre maritime et les événements récents. Thomas Erskine Holland. Revista de derecho internacional, 2:97.

Newfoundland and her fishing rights. Alfred B. Morine. Canada Law Journal, 42:737 (Dec. 1, 1906).

Newfoundland fisheries' dispute. Alfred B. Morine. Canadian Law Review, 5:414 (Nov., 1906).

Newfoundland fishery dispute. P. T. McGrath. North Am. Rev. 188:1134 (Dec. 7, 1906).

New Hebrides. La convention franco-anglaise relative aux Nouvelles-Hébrides. H. Berthélemy. Revue politique et parlementaire, 51:273 (Feb. 10, 1907). Pacific coast and the orient. Senator George C. Perkins. Independent, Feb. 21, 1907.

Prize and capture, the latest chapter of the American Law of. Charles Chauncey Binney. Am. Law. Register, 54:537 (Sept., 1906).

Prostitution. Das internationale Verwaltungsab kommen gegen den Mädchenhandel. Rehm. Zeitschrift für Völkerrecht und Bundesstaatsrecht, 1:446.

Protectorates, spheres of influence and. Hannis Taylor. Am. Law Rev. 41:92 (Jan.-Feb., 1907).

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