COPYRIGHT 1914

BY

EDWARD THOMPSON COMPANY

LAWYERS CO-OPERATIVE PUBLISHING COMPANY

BANCROFT-WHITNEY COMPANY

RULING CASE LAW

VOLUME IV

BILLS OF LADING

I. INTRODUCTORY

II. REQUISITES AND VALIDITY

III. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION

IV. PAROL EVIDENCE TO VARY OR CONTRADICT

V. ESTOPPEL OF CARRIER TO DENY RECITALS

7. Manner of Execution

8. Necessity for Acceptance by Shipper

9. Evidence of Acceptance

10. Effect of Signing by Shipper

11. Effect of Acceptance as to Conditions not on Face of Bill

12. Acceptance, when Inferred

13. Acceptance, when Conclusive

14. Circumstances Rebutting Presumption of Acceptance

R. C. L. Vol. IV.-1.

1

15. In General

III. Construction and Operation

16. As Receipt and Contract

17. Statements in Bill of Lading as to Value and Quantity of Goods

18. Statements as to Ownership

IV. Parol Evidence to Vary or Contradict

19. Statement of Rule

20. Receipt Clauses Generally

21. Particular Receipt Clauses

22. Contractual Stipulations Generally

23. Express Contractual Stipulations

24. Implied Obligations in Bill of Lading

25. Parol Evidence to Show Fraud

26. Ambiguities Explained by Parol Evidence

27. Customs or Usages Established by Parol Evidence

28. In General

V. Estoppel of Carrier to Deny Recitals

29. Acknowledgment of Receipt of Goods Not Delivered

30. Statements as to Quantity of Goods Received

31. Statutory Provisions Making Bill of Lading Conclusive Evidence

32. In General

33. Who May Transfer

34. Method of Transfer

VI. Transferability

35. Title to Goods as Affected by Transfer

36. Bills of Lading as Security for Drafts Attached

37. Limitations to Transferability

38. In General

VII. Rights of Bona Fide Purchaser

39. Purchase from Wrongful Holder

40. Successive Transfers

I. INTRODUCTORY

1. Scope of Article.-It is the purpose of this article to treat bills.

of lading merely in their aspect as instruments issued by a carrier
to evidence the receipt of goods for transportation. As thus limited
the discussion here includes the duty of carriers to issue bills of lad-
ing; the form, contents and execution of such instruments; the rules
of construction or interpretation; and their operation and effect,
both as evidence of the facts which they recite, and also as trans-
ferable or negotiable instruments. The particular clauses in bills of
lading affecting the rights and liabilities of the parties inter se with