wealth shall submit such law to the people at the next state election, if thirty days intervene between the date when such petition is filed with the secretary of the commonwealth and the date for holding such state election; if thirty days do not so intervene, then such law shall be submitted to the people at the next following state election, unless in the meantime it shall have been repealed; and if it shall be approved by a majority of the qualified voters voting thereon, such law shall, subject to the provisions of the constitution, take effect in thirty days after such election, or at such time after such election as may be provided in such law; if not so approved such law shall be null and void; but no such law shall be held to be disapproved if the negative vote is less than thirty per cent of the total number of ballots cast at such state election.

SECTION 4. Petitions for Referendum on an Emergency Law or a Law the Suspension of which is not asked for.-A referendum petition may ask for the repeal of an emergency law or of a law which takes effect because the referendum petition does not contain a request for suspension, as aforesaid. . . . If such petition. is completed by filing with the secretary of the commonwealth not later than ninety days after the law which is the subject of the petition has become law the signatures of not less than ten thousand qualified voters of the commonwealth protesting against such law and asking for a referendum thereon, then the secretary of the commonwealth shall submit such law to the people. . .

...

GENERAL PROVISIONS.

I. Identification and Certification of Signatures.

Provision shall be made by law for the proper identification and certification of signatures to the petitions hereinbefore referred to, and for penalties for signing any such petition, or refusing to sign it, for money or other valuable consideration, and for the forgery of signatures thereto. . . . The general court may provide by law that no co-partnership or corporation shall undertake for hire or reward to circulate petitions, may require individuals who circulate petitions for hire or reward to be licensed, and may make other reasonable regulations to prevent abuses arising from the circulation of petitions for hire or reward.

II. Limitation on Signatures.

Not more than one-fourth of the certified signatures on any petition shall be those of registered voters of any one county.

III. Form of Ballot.

Each proposed amendment to the constitution, and each law, submitted to the people, shall be described on the ballots by a description to be determined by the attorney-general, subject to such provision as may be made by law, and the secretary of the commonwealth shall give each question a number and cause such question... to be printed on the ballot in the following form :In the case of an amendment to the constitution: Shall an amendment to the constitution (here insert description, and state, in distinctive type, whether approved or disapproved by the general court, and by what vote there- NO. on) be approved?

YES.

In the case of a law: Shall a law (here insert description, and state, in distinctive type, whether approved or disapproved by the general court, and by what vote thereon) be approved?

IV. Information for Voters.

YES.

NO.

The secretary of the commonwealth shall cause to be printed and sent to each registered voter in the commonwealth the full text of every measure to be submitted to the people, together with a copy of the legislative committee's majority and minority reports, if there be such, with the names of the majority and minority members thereon, a statement of the votes of the general court on the measure, and a description of the measure as such description will appear on the ballot; and shall, in such manner as may be provided by law, cause to be prepared and sent to the voters other information and arguments for and against the

measure.

V. The Veto Power of the Governor.

The veto power of the governor shall not extend to measures approved by the people.

VI. The General Court's Power of Repeal.

Subject to the veto power of the governor and to the right of referendum by petition as herein provided, the general court may amend or repeal a law approved by the people.

44. An Initiated Amendment, with Arguments from a Publicity Pamphlet

Ten states now issue some form of publicity pamphlet to give the voters information concerning the initiative and referendum measures which are presented to them.1 These pamphlets vary in size from post-cards in Ohio to thick brochures of 80,000 words in California (1922). In addition to the text of the proposition to be voted upon, there are usually printed the arguments presented by those in favor and those opposed to the measure. If a large number of long measures is to be submitted, the cost of publishing such a pamphlet may be considerable. California in 1922 spent $50,000 for this purpose. Some of the states print the arguments for and against the bill free of charge, and it is customary for them to limit the length. In Arizona there is no restriction upon the space an argument may occupy; but those who want it placed in the pamphlet must pay its cost. This, of course, operates to hold down the length. In the following case the opponents of the measure failed to have an argument published. Yet, in spite of the fact that the voters were given only one side of the discussion, the amendment lost by a vote of 11,631 to 22,286 (November 7, 1916). This was one of the few attempts that have been made to institute a unicameral state legislature by a referendum vote.2

SOURCE-Initiative and Referendum Publicity Pamphlet, State of Arizona, 1916 (Tucson, 1916), 63-64.

R. C. Brooks, Political Parties and Electoral Problems (New York, 1923), 473.

F. A. Ogg and P. O. Ray, Introduction to American Government (2nd ed., New York, 1925), 631.

The following is the form and number in which the question will be printed on the ballot:

PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION.

PROPOSED BY INITIATIVE PETITION.

AN ACT TO AMEND ARTICLE IV, OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF ARIZONA, "Abolishing State Senate."

If you favor the above law, vote YES; if opposed, vote NO. 112 Yes.

113. No.

(On Official Ballots Nos. 112 and 113).

AN ACT

TO AMEND ARTICLE IV, OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF

ARIZONA.

BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ARI [Z]ONA:

That Section 1 of Subdivision 1 of Article IV of the Constitution of the State of Arizona is hereby amended to read as follows:

["]Section 1. The legislative authority of the State shall be vested in a legislature consisting of a House of Representatives, but the people reserve the power to propose laws and amendments to the Constitution, and to enact or reject such laws and amendments at the polls independent of the legislature, and they also reserve for use at their own option, the power to approve or reject at the polls any act, or item, section or part, of any act of the legislature."

That Section 1 of Subdivision 2 of Article IV of the Constitution of the State of Arizona is hereby amended to read as follows:

"Section 1. (a) Until otherwise provided for by law, the House of Representatives shall consist of thirty-five (35) members, and shall be apportioned among the several counties as follows: Apache County (1) one, Cochise County (7) seven, Coconino County (1) one, Gila County (3) three, Graham County (2) two, Greenlee County (2) two, Maricopa County (6) six, Mohave County (1) one, Navajo County (1) one, Pima County

(3) three, Pinal County (1) one, Santa Cruz County (1) one, Yavapai County (4) four, Yuma County (2) two.

["](b) It is the intent and purpose of the people of the State of Arizona, in the enactment of this amendment to abolish the State Senate and to confer upon the remaining house all of the authority and jurisdiction heretofore conferred upon both houses by the Constitution without disturbing the remainder of the Constitution and in all cases where the State Senate has heretofore had conferred upon it any powers or the performance of any duties, all of such powers shall be exercised by, and all of such duties performed by the House of Representatives. ["]This Amendment shall be in effect on and after January the first, 1918.["] Filed July 6, 1916. SIDNEY P. OSBORN,

Secretary of State.

ARGUMENT.

(Affirmative.)

Submitted by

STATE FEDERATION OF LABOR.

In favor of the measure designated on the official ballot as follows:

PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION.

PROPOSED BY INITIATIVE PETITION.

AN ACT TO AMEND ARTICLE IV, OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF ARIZONA, "Providing for the abolition of the State Senate." If you favor the above law, vote YES; if opposed, vote NO. 112 Yes.

113 No.

ARGUMENT IN FAVOR OF THE ABOVE AMENDMENT.

The strongest argument against a one house legislature is that the second house is a check on bad legislation because a bill must pass both bodies, yet the same impediment applies to good measures, and the necessity for it does not exist as the people through the referendum approve or disapprove legislation.