ment of man's rational nature, we subject our faith to our reason, in regard to the action of physical causes, and believe that in doing so we conform ourselves to the will of God.

ARTICLE III.

PATHOLOGICAL FACTS.

[The following pathological facts have been communicated to us by Mr. O. S. Fowler, and, as they have never before been published, we deem them worthy of record in the Journal. Such facts afford evidence so positive and irresistible in proof of the science, that they need no accompanying remarks to enforce their presentation.-ED.]

Whilst lecturing on phrenology in the city of New York in 1837, Dr. Howard, who then lived in Carmine street, called on me, December 27, and stated that, on the evening before, he had been called in great haste to visit a lady who was seized with a most violent local pain, which was so severe as entirely to prostrate her in fifteen minutes by producing fainting. When brought to, she had forgotten the names of every person and thing around her, and almost entirely lost the use of words, not because she could not articulate them, but because she could not remember nor think of them. She could not even mention the name of her husband, or her children, or of any article she wanted, nor in any way convey her ideas by words. Yet she understood all that was said to her, and possessed every other kind of memory unimpaired. "And where is this pain located?" I eagerly inquired. "That is for you to say," said Dr. H. "If phrenology is true, you ought to be able to tell where it is located." "Then it is over her eyes," said I; and he replied, "That is the place." The pain was seated there, and no where else. In other words, the phrenological organ of Language had become greatly diseased, and the faculty of Language was the only mental power that suffered injury, all the others remaining unimpaired.

Dr. Carpenter, of Pottsville, Pa., related to the writer, about two years since, the following fact;-One of his patients fell from a horse, striking the centre of his forehead against a rock, by means of which accident a small portion of brain was lost. As Dr. C. entered the room, the patient recognised him, as he did each of his neighbours,

but had forgotten every fact and event, and them only. He asked the doctor what was the matter with him, and as soon as he was informed, forgot, and asked again. To use Dr. C.'s expression, "Fifty times over he asked what was the matter, and as often as told, forgot, and asked again." He forgot that his brother was coming on that day from a distance to visit him, and that he himself had then started with the design of meeting his brother—a thing which any one would certainly be very likely to remember under those circumstances. Every past event was to him as though it was not, yet all his other mental powers remained uninjured. When depletion was proposed, he objected, and assigned his reasons, showing that his reasoning faculties were unimpaired. After his recovery from this injury, he regained, to a considerable extent, his memory for facts, events, &c. I have seen this individual, examined the scar, and know, from its location, that it was the organ of Eventuality that was injured by this accident.

Dr. Ramsay, of Bloomfield, Pa., reported the following case as having occurred in his practice :-About four years since, a patient of his, in consequence of his horse becoming frightened, was thrown with great violence against a fence, striking the centre of his forehead against the corner of a rail. When Dr. R. was called in, he recognised him, and asked "What all this fuss was about?" As soon as Dr. R. had told him, he forgot, and asked again and again, and continued the inquiry many times in succession; and to this day, he has not the slightest recollection of this most important event in his life, except the mere fact that his horse became very much frightened.

Another case was related to the writer, in the winter of 1840, by the Rev. S. G. Callahan, an Episcopal clergyman, and a teacher of high intellectual and moral worth, at Laurell, Del. About twelve years ago, the Rev. Mr. C. was intimately acquainted with a Dr. Thomas Freeman, formerly a surgeon on board an English man-ofwar, who, in an action with the Dutch, received a very severe blow from a rope with a knot in it, which broke in the skull in the centre of his forehead, "here," said Rev. Mr. C., (putting his finger directly on the organ of Eventuality,) "producing a cavity resembling the inside of a section of the larger end of a hen's egg." The accident caused a loss of memory of facts only, (which occasioned his dismissal on half-pay for life,) while every other power remained uninjured. Thus, if he went in pursuit of any particular object, he was as likely to get a very different thing, or not any at all, as the object he had in view. Being a good chemist, he was employed to prepare a vat for colouring broadcloths; he constructed every part

of the apparatus right, (his Causality, Constructiveness, and other faculties, being unimpaired,) but when he came to the chemical process of dyeing, with which he was as familiar as with the alphabet, he failed repeatedly. Finally, they were obliged to employ another dyer, who pointed out the omissions, or mistakes, which caused Dr. F.'s failures. Although the doctor was an excellent chemist, and perfectly understood every part of the process of dyeing, yet he would omit one thing in one experiment, and another in another, and thus fail in every attempt. He could seldom succeed in any chemical experiments, though passionately fond of the science, because of these omissions, "and yet," said Mr. C., "start him on a train of thought, and he would reason as clearly, and logically, and powerfully, as almost any one I ever knew."

Another fact, similar to the above, occurred in the case of Mr. Robert McFarland, an innkeeper, who, in 1837, lived in Carlisle, Pa. near the Court House. When about sixteen years of age, in consequence of a fall from a horse, he had a deposition of watery matter collected, which finally settled in the centre of his forehead, forming a sack between the skin and the skull. This remained there for several years, until it became so extremely painful as to render it necessary to have an operation performed upon it. A portion of the skull was removed, and the brain beneath was more or less affected. Before this injury, his memory of circumstances, of what he heard, saw, read, &c., was so excellent that he was often referred to. This kind of memory, and this only, appeared to be destroyed by the accident. On this account he called on me, whilst lecturing in that village, for a phrenological examination, but did not make known his object, waiting to see if I should detect any impairment of memory. On examining his forehead, and perceiving the organs of Size, Form, Individuality, and Locality, quite large, I remarked that his memory of forms, things, persons, places, &c., should be decidedly good; but observing a deep-seated scar where the organ of Eventuality is located, I remarked, that if the wound which caused it had affected the brain there, his memory of events, of little incidents, every day occurrences, &c. must have been impaired. "That is a fact," said he. "If I see a man who called on me ten years ago, I recognise his form and features at once; but if a customer wants any little thing, and another calls for something before I have waited on the first, I forget the first entirely, and thus often give offence; but I cannot help it. And it is of no use for me to read any thing, for I forget it immediately." The location of this scar fixed the injury of the brain precisely on the organ of Eventuality, and that was the only mental faculty impaired.

Another fact occurred in the case of a Mr. Camp, of New Haven, Ct. who, by the bursting of a gun, had the end of the barrel driven , about an inch into the centre of his forehead, scattering some brain upon the stone wall against which he was leaning. And ever since this accident, his memory of facts, events, &c. has been defective. Lawyer Stoddard informed me that more than once he had been compelled to suspend public business, or cases at law, in which he was engaged in behalf of Mr. Camp, in consequence of Mr. C.'s defective memory. I have seen this scar, and can testify that it is located over the organ of Eventuality.

Mr. Nathan Dalby, of Wilmington, Del. is another example of the injury of this organ, and, with it, of the faculty of Eventuality, caused by falling from a horse and striking his forehead upon a

stone.

The following case affords a striking instance where the organ of Tune was affected, and became preternaturally excited. It was reported to me by Dr. Jacques, of Wilmington, Del. who was the attending physician in the case, which occurred in 1821, in the person of one Robert Hunter, an Irishman, at Young's factory, on the Brandywine, five miles above Wilmington. Mr. Hunter was engaged in blasting rocks; and having charged a rock with a heavy blast, which did not ignite, he swore he would make it go off at some rate, and jammed with great violence his drill down upon the powder. It struck fire and went off, but did not split the rock. The drill was thrown, no one knows where. Both of Mr. Hunter's hands were torn off by the charge, which, coming up in a body, also struck his head along the superciliary ridge, cutting a furrow in the skull, and carrying away a portion of the dura mater, as well as affecting more or less the brain. From his friends, at whose house he boarded and died, (Mr. and Mrs. White,) I learned the precise location of the injury, viz. along the superciliary ridge and externally of it. About fifteen minutes after he was carried to the house of Mr. W. “he fell to singing songs," and continued singing almost without intermission till his death, which took place nine days after the accident. The following description of his singing propensity, I noted down from Mrs. W.'s remarks, and give them in her own words. "He sung the whole time after he was blown up-did not stop one hour, put it altogether. Mr. W. began to read the Bible to him, but he broke out singing and stopped his reading. He was very musical, much more so than when he was of himself. I thought this very strange. It was not a quarter of an hour after he was brought in before he began to sing; and he sung all the time till he died, and stopped only when some one went in to see him, and then began VOL. II.-33

again directly. His principal song was "Erin go Bragh," and he sung it with a better tune than I ever heard it sung before or since. It beat all how musical his voice was. He sung very loud, and seemed to take a great deal of pleasure in it." Dr. Jacques observed, that what struck him most forcibly, was to hear him sing with so much feeling, and pathos, and ecstacy. Several other persons also bore testimomy to the same point. From the description of Mr. and Mrs. W. who frequently dressed the wound, as well as from Dr. J. who was the attending physician, I am certain that the injury of the head occurred on the borders of the organ of Tune, highly exciting it, though not disorganising it.

Again: Numerous cases have fallen under my observation, where the brain in particular regions of the head has been preternaturally excited, so much so as to cause severe pain to the individual, and a feverish heat externally, which was distinctly perceptible to the sense of touch. Two or three cases of this nature I will mention. A Mr. C. of Boston, Mass. is subject to spells of violent pain in his forehead, and there only, (the seat of the intellectual organs,) which is accompanied with an irrepressible desire to read, think, study, write, &c. He often sits up whole nights indulging this intellectual mania. Nothing but sleep will relieve the pain, and even this remedy is often prevented by the great activity of the brain; and not unfrequently he declines seeking repose, because of the extreme delight experienced in thus gratifying his mind by reading, study, &c. though fully aware that such a course serves only to aggravate the disease.

Another striking instance occurred in the case of a distinguished lawyer, who has been for many years the attorney-general of one of the New England states. On examining his head, I found an unnatural and feverish heat in his forehead, particularly in the region of the perceptive faculties, and I remarked to him, "Sir, the brain in your forehead is highly excited and inflamed; you have been studying or thinking too hard, or doing too much business of some kind, and unless you stop at once, and take care of yourself, you will soon be either a dead man, or a crazy one." Upon this, he started upon his feet, and exclaimed, "Who has been telling you about me?" "No one, sir." "But some one has," said he. "Upon my honour and my conscience, sir, I neither know you, nor your occupation, nor your condition in life, nor one single thing about you, except what I infer from your phrenological developements." I then pointed out to him the preternatural heat of his forehead; and he requested me to proceed in the examination, when at its close, he stated that for several weeks he had been dreadfully afflicted with