as possible. The artificial breathing should be kept up for an hour or more if the patient does not revive sooner.

Ivy poisoning. The poison in poison ivy is an oil, and it may be dissolved and removed from the skin by a vigorous scrubbing with a brush and hot soapsuds. Laundry soap is best for this purpose, because it contains more of the alkali which removes the oil. In case the oil has penetrated the skin and a burning sensation is felt, the affected parts should be first scrubbed with soap and then bathed in a mixture of equal parts of alcohol and water. The alcohol dissolves the oil and it should be used freely or it may only serve to spread the poison over a larger surface. If further treatment is needed bathing with a hot solution of potassium permanganate is very helpful. In case the skin is at all broken, a one per cent solution (a scant level teaspoonful of crystals to a pint of water) should be used, but if the skin is unbroken a stronger solution is advisable. Potassium permanganate is a poison and should not be used more than a few times without consulting a physician. It will stain the skin, but the stain is not permanent.

Poisoning. Bottles that contain poisons should not be kept among medicines, and it is well to paste on these bottles strips of sandpaper, so that they can be recognized even in the dark. When a poison has been taken by accident, a physician should be

called as quickly as possible. In the meantime the following remedies may be used:

Carbolic acid. Use alcohol (whiskey, brandy, or rum will do), oil, or milk.

Bichlorid of mercury (also called mercuric chlorid and corrosive sublimate). Give milk or white of egg. Cause vomiting by giving a tablespoonful of mustard in a glass of warm water, warm salt water, or large quantities of hot water. Tickle the throat with a feather or thrust the finger into the throat to bring on the vomiting.

Arsenic. Cause vomiting, and if any medicine that contains iron is at hand, give it. The poison in Fowler's solution, Paris green, and Rough-onRats is arsenic.

Opium, laudanum, nightshade, and Jimson weed poisoning. Give strong coffee or ammonia. Keep the patient awake by walking him about, slapping him, or throwing cold water over him if necessary. Cause vomiting.

Questions: 1. What danger must be guarded against when a bone of one of the limbs is broken?

2. Tell what should

3. In case of faint

be done in case the clothing takes fire. ing. 4. How should you treat a person who was suffering from apparent drowning or gas suffocation? 5. What should be done in case of poisoning with the more common poisons? Suggestions and topics for development: Show the class how to carry on artificial respiration. Write to the Department of Agriculture at Washington for a bulletin on poisonous plants; teach the children to know and to avoid the poisonous plants of the region.

SOME SIMPLE EXERCISES FOR USE IN SCHOOLS

In this chapter are some simple exercises that may be given in school when the pupils have become tired of study and their muscles have become cramped from sitting for some time in their seats. The teacher should select exercises so that each day the muscles of the whole body will be brought into play, and the school should be trained to go through them in a quiet, orderly manner, so that little time will be lost from the lessons. The windows should be thrown wide open before beginning the exercises (page 49). In warm weather some teachers may prefer to give the exercises outdoors.

Position while exercising. The most important point is to hold the body erect. The head should be stretched up as high as possible, as though the body were hanging by the back of the top of the head. This will straighten out the spinal column; hold the neck straight with the chin close to the neck, and lift the ribs up off the lungs (see Figure 53). In the following exercises, whenever the command "Position!" is given, it means that the head is to be held in this way, with the hands at the sides. The position for resting is to stand with the feet even and wide apart, and the arms crossed behind the back and resting on the backs of the hips. The trunk and head should be held erect but 1 If preferred the position shown in Figure 57 may be used in resting.

not rigid while resting. The command "In place!" means to take this position, and the command "Rest!" means to remain in the resting position until the next command is given. The command "In place, rest!" should be given after each exercise. Commands. There are always two parts in the commands; one part tells what to do, and the other part tells when to do it. In the commands for these exercises the parts which tell when to do a thing are printed in black letters. For example, the command, "Hands on hips, place," means to place your hands on your hips when the teacher says "Place!" In some of the exercises the complete commands and counting have not been given. The teacher will easily understand what these should be and will give them.

FIG. 88.

A. Arm raisings.

EXERCISE I. Arm raisings through front horizontals to high over the head (Fig. 88).

Raise the arms high over the head, knuckles leading (i. e. the backs of the hands going before the palms), through a front horizontal position. Keep the arms and fingers stretched out stiff and straight. The teacher should count 1 as the arms are raised, and 2 as they are lowered. Keep the head stretched up.

Command: Position.

Arm raisings through front horizontals to high over the head, up-down.

(Teacher counts:)

I, 2; 1, 2; 1, 2; 1, 2; 1, 2; 1, 2; I, 2; I, 2.1
In place, rest.

1

EXERCISE 2. Arm raisings through front horizontals to high over the head, rising on the toes.

The same as Exercise 1, but

rise on the toes as the arms are raised and bring the heels down as the arms descend. Command: Position.

Arm raisings through front horizontals to high over the head, rising on toes, up-down.

I, 2; I, 2; I, 2; I, 2; I, 2;

I, 2; I, 2; I, 2.

In place, rest.

FIG. 89.

EXERCISE 3. Arm raisings through side horizontals to high over the head (Fig. 89). Directions as for Exercise 1, but raise the arms through a side horizontal position, bringing them up over the head with the palms forward, thumbs touching. Do not bend the arms at the elbows. Command: Position.

Arm raisings through side horizontals to high over the head, up-down.

1 If preferred, the teacher may count 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.