Framework for the WorldDavid Rhind John Wiley & Sons, 28. 10. 1997 - Počet stran: 325 framework Framework for the World. The geographical framework for the world is so fundamental it affects the lives of everyone on earth. On top of this 'template' virtually all other kinds of information are collected and displayed, ranging from population and socio-economic statistics, through environmental data of all kinds to asset registers such as the location of underground pipes and cables. For many years, the framework comprised simple topographic paper maps. Increasingly it is formed by topographic digital databases, from which maps and other products can be 'spun off'. These maps and databases have been created by a branch of national government, the National Mapping Organizations. At present, however, there are large variations in the content, quality and currency of the mapping and many countries have not yet converted all their maps into digital format. The world of NMOs is in turmoil, beset by rapid changes in technology, higher expectations from users of information and radical changes in the ways in which governments operate. This book describes how different approaches are being taken in policy and practical terms in different countries to face these common challenges. It also describes how global - as compared to purely national - needs are emerging for GI and how this demand is being met. The mutation of some national mapping organisations into geographical information utilities and the growth of national geographical information systems are outlined. Framework for the World is developed in 21 chapters written by senior managers involved with the framework from many different countries and drawn from both civilian and military organizations, from the United Nations and from the users of geographical frameworks. For the World |
Obsah
Towards a European policy framework for Geographic | 14 |
The national and global activities of the Japanese national | 31 |
Mapping for the reconstruction of South Africa Derek G Clarke | 48 |
the National Geographic | 63 |
The global framework and user needs | 83 |
The need for basic map information in support of environmental | 111 |
international trends affecting national | 131 |
International standards and the national mapping organizations | 160 |
The Australian National Spatial Data Infrastructure | 187 |
a working document The European Commission | 202 |
The French approach JeanPhilippe Grelot | 226 |
the | 247 |
the Danish | 265 |
Epilogue Where next for the framework and the national | 305 |
| 319 | |
National spatial data infrastructures and the roles of national | 173 |
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accuracy activities applications areas Australia cadastral cartographic chapter co-ordination commercial Committee core data core data sets cost countries create customers data sets database Defense Digital Elevation Model digital maps DOSLI economic environment environmental European FGDC geodesy geodetic geographic data Geographical Information Systems geospatial data geospatial information GGI&S Global Map Global Positioning System GLONASS imagery implementation Institute integrated Internet Land Information major map series Mapping Agency ment metadata National Mapping Organizations National Spatial Data NIMA NSDI operations Ordnance Survey orthophoto Photogrammetry planning private sector programme regional remote sensing role Roskartografia Russian Federation satellite scale South Africa Spatial Data Infrastructure spatial information staff standards strategy surveying and mapping tion topographic maps updating users WCMC