troubles of 1872, four hundred and fifty men, from July 22 to August 1, at a cost of $15,000. In the railroad troubles of 1873, eight hundred men for about six days, at a cost of $25,000. In the mining troubles of 1875, eighteen hundred men from April 4 to May 18, and June 3 to June 23, at a cost of $110,000. In the riots of 1877, no fewer than nine thousand four hundred and fifty-three men, more or less, from July 19 to November 15, at a cost of $710,000. In the mining troubles one year ago, nine hundred men from April 2 to May 26, at a cost of $35,030. In the Homestead

troubles of this year, a division of men for ninety-five days, at a cost of $428,378.93. Total cost in suppressing riots alone in twenty-five years, $1,326,378.93

The railroad riots at Buffalo, New York, during the present year, required the services of militiamen, at a cost of $225,000 to state and county.

A state which has lately had abundant use for her state militia is Tennessee. Last year the whole national guard were out, at a cost of $15,000, in consequence of the contract labor troubles, and at the official report one hundred and twenty-five men were still in the service at a cost of $2,000 per month. It seems pretty clear from the developments of last year that the state needed more troops.

New Jersey, in the Orange riots of July, 1870, had out two thousand men for one day, and in November of the same year, a regiment for quelling a riot. In January, and again in October, 1876, a regiment was called out. While in the railroad riots of the following July the whole national guard was for a week under

arms.

In Alabama, during the seven years from January 1, 1883, to January, 1890, the militia was called out repeatedly to quell election riots, to protect jails, prevent lynchings, to assist the sheriff in making arrests, and to suppress mobs, etc. On one occasion, as many as three hundred men were called out. On another, eight companies of infantry, two of artillery, and one of cavalry.

California called out her militia five times between 1876 and 1884, for the purpose of guarding prisoners and quelling riots at Sacramento. In one case a whole brigade were out, while in another two companies served over night.

Colorado's militia have been out very often, both in riot duty and to furnish protection against Indians, sometimes serving as long as ten days.

The Connecticut militia have been called upon only four times since 1870, m enforcing the law and in repressing and preventing riots. On one of these occasions five companies were out.

In four of the six occasions when Massachusett's troops were called out they kept order at great fires in Boston, Springfield, Lynn and Lawrence.

Wisconsin had her troops out five times from 1881 to 1890, the largest number called upon being eight hundred and thirty-six men, who served ten days in the Milwaukee riots of 1886.

The Kansas troops have been out eight times on important occasions. All of these states have supported an organized militia for many, many years.

The National Guard of the State of Washington received its first official recognition at the hands of the legislature by an act approved January 28, 1888, not quite five years ago, and during that time have been called out in the service of the state -- First. During the Chinese riots at Seattle, in 1887, when three companies were on duty for five days, at no cost to the state, and until relieved by the regulars. This, however, was before the passage of the act organizing the militia.

Second. During the mining troubles at New Castle, in 1888, at a cost to the state of $163.74.

Third. At the fire in Seattle, in June, 1889, when five companies served for three weeks, at a cost to the state of $4,000.38. Fourth. At the fire in Spokane, at a cost to the state of $686.54. Fifth. During the mining troubles in King county, in 1891, in which one-half of the entire strength of the National Guard of the state was called into service for a period of three weeks, being five terms of service in less than five years of legislative recognition, a strong comparison with other states of greater advancement in commercial interests and greater population.

These examples will give a good idea of the extent and variety of the work of the organized state troops in all parts of the union. It is only by collecting such details that an approximate idea can be had of the true value of the militia for these purposes. It performs work that would otherwise fall upon the army under a guaranty which the constitution gives that "each state shall be protected by the United States, if necessary, from domestic violence."

Thus, in a double way, including its local preservation of order,

as well as its readiness to answer the call of the president against a foreign invader, it can well appeal to the states for a liberal support.

It is but a short time since the state of Idaho passed through a disastrous experience of internal strife outgrowing the labor troubles in the Cœur d'Alene mines. Not having a sufficient force of its own to cope with the lawless elements, the governor was compelled to appeal to the national government for aid in preserving the peace, lives and property of the citizens.

It is not safe to presume that these difficulties are at an end. On the contrary, rather, it is but a commencement when considered in the light of the influences exercised by anarchists, socialists and irresponsible demagogues who travel throughout the country preying upon the credulity of the working classes, leaving them in open rupture with the best interests of not only themselves but the community at large.

REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.

The regimental organizations of the national guard of Washington are the same as they were at the date of my last report, to wit: The first infantry regiment, located east of the Cascade mountains; the first cavalry battalion, one company located at Sprague, in Lincoln county, and one at Tacoma, in Pierce county.

Since my last report, however, the infantry regiments have been augmented by the addition of one company to the first regiment located at Olympia, and two companies to the second regiment located respectively at Clyde, in Walla Walla county, and Tekoa, in Whitman county, presenting a total of one hundred and twentyone officers and 1,267 enlisted men; aggregating 1,388 officers and All, with the exception of the officers, who must provide themselves, are furnished with the regulation uniform of the United States army, and which are in fairly good condition, with few exceptions.

men.

The arms and equipments are such as are furnished by the war department to the regular troops, and are drawn from the general government upon requisition made against the annual allowance set apart for the equipment of the militia of the several states, which is based upon the congressional representation from each state; and amounting for the state of Washington to $2,764.98 annually.

This appropriation can only be drawn by the states in arms, ammunition and quartermaster's supplies.

BUREAU OF MILITARY STATISTICS.

REBELLION RECORDS.

Notwithstanding a provision of the legislature at its last session for the payment of clerical labor necessary to transcribe the records now in the pension bureau of the war department, appertaining to the services of volunteers from the Territory of Washington during the war of the rebellion, I have been unable to procure such copies for the reason alleged in answer to a communication by myself, of which the following is a copy:

WAR DEPARTMENT, WASHINGTON CITY, June 12, 1891. Genl. R. G. O'Brien, Adjutant General, State of Washington, Olympia, Washington:

SIR-Referring to your letter of the 4th instant renewing your request to be furnished with copies of the records pertaining to the volunteers from the Territory of Washington who served during the war of the rebellion, and stating that about two years ago you were informed by the adjutant general of the army that copies of these records would be furnished by the department upon the payment by the territory of the cost of the clerical work. I am directed by the secretary of war to inform you that in July, 1889, he was obliged to suspend the practice of furnishing copies of the volunteer records even when the states were willing to pay the expense of copying.

As stated in the department letter of the 25th ultimo, the records of the volunteer armies have, through constant handling, become so badly worn that it was found necessary to adopt stringent measures for their preservation, and hence the secretary was obliged to restrict their use to the current work of the department-this in order that these valuable records may be preserved until they can be reproduced and their safety assured.

For the reasons heretofore stated the secretary regrets that he cannot. comply with your request at the present time.

Very respectfully,

F. H. AINSWORTH,
Major and Surgeon, U. S. Army.

It is a matter of regret that these documents cannot be obtained, and, in view of the fact that the Territory of Washington furnished but one regiment, I am unable to understand the necessity for such constant handling of these muster rolls, even if every man whose name is drawn upon it should make claim for a pension, as would obliterate them to such a degree as to prevent the department from furnishing the copies asked. I am enabled in this report to present

the list of the officers, and company C, only of that regiment, as certified by the colonel of the same. (Schedule A.)

Frequent communications are received by me requesting certificates of service and discharge with which I am unable to comply by reason of the absence of those records.

RECORDS OF THE INDIAN WAR OF 1855-56.

I present herewith copies of the muster-in and muster-out rolls of the pioneers of the territory who served in suppressing the Indian uprising in the wars of 1855 and 1856, in accordance with an act of the legislature requiring the same to be recorded in my biennial report. (Schedule B.)

This record is as complete as I am able to make it from the papers on file in my office, and, I believe, state generally and in full the statistics of the volunteers from the Territory of Washington at that time.

I am led to believe that many, if not all of these men, have never been compensated for that service by the general government, there being no record in this office of any payment to them for the service thus rendered, either personally, or for property furnished and lost during that war.

An inspection of these rolls will disclose the names of many of the leading men of the State of Washington to-day, and others who have made their mark in the world's affairs, recognized as being among the most active pioneers of that date, and substantial men of this, now in the peaceful enjoyment of those homes which they so sturdily defended against the barbarous encroachment of the savage foe. Many also have paid the great debt of nature and gone to that "undiscovered country." Such men as Hon. A. A. Denny, Hon. Harvey W. Scott, editor of the Oregonian, Thomas Prather, Esq., Hon. Elwood Evans, Wm. Packwood, Col. B. F. Shaw, state senator from Clarke county, and many more whom I might name are still with us, bearing an important part in the affairs of this young state.

During the years of 1877 and 1878, Eastern Oregon was the scene of a violent Indian uprising which threatened, likewise, to engulf the eastern portion of this state. The Indians concerned were the Nez Perces, who had always been friendly to the "white man," and the campaign against the whites in this instance was conducted by Chief Joseph, one of the ablest leaders among the red men.