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SECTION VIII. TABLE OF MARKS

The nationality mark of each State named below applies to the aircraft of its Dominions, Colonies, Protectorates, dependencies or of countries over which it is the Mandatory State.

(See the table which appears in Official Bulletin No. 8, p. 42.)

(See photostatic copy pasted on inside of back cover.)

ANNEX B. CERTIFICATES OF AIRWORTHINESS

The following main conditions govern the issue of certificates of airworthi

ness:

1. The design of the aircraft in regard to safety shall conform to certain minimum requirements.

2. A satisfactory demonstration must be made in flying trials of the actual flying qualities of the type of aircraft examined, provided that machines subsequently manufactured which conform to the approved type need not be subject to such trials. The trials shall conform to certain minimum requirements.

3. The construction of every aircraft with regard to workmanship and materials must be approved. The control of the construction and of the tests shall be in accordance with certain minimum requirements.

4. The aircraft must be equipped with suitable instruments for safe navigation.

5. The minimum requirements of paragraphs 1 to 3 inclusive shall be fixed by the International Commission for Air Navigation. Until they have been so fixed each contracting State shall determine the detailed regulations under which certificates of airworthiness shall be granted or remain valid.3

ANNEX C. LOG BOOKS

SECTION I. JOURNEY LOG

This shall be kept for every aircraft and shall contain the following particulars: (a.) Category to which the aircraft belongs: its nationality and registration marks; the full name, nationality and residence of the owner; name of maker and the carrying capacity of the aircraft.

(b.) In addition for each journey

(i.) The names, nationality and residence of the pilot and of each of the members of the crew.

(ii.) The place, date, and hour of departure, the route followed, and all incidents en route including landings.

SECTION II. AIRCRAFT LOG

This is obligatory only in the case of aircraft carrying passengers or goods for hire and shall contain the following particulars :

(a.) Category to which the aircraft belongs; its nationality and registration marks; the full name, nationality and residence of the owner; name of maker and the carrying capacity of the aircraft.

(b.) Type and series number of engine; type of propeller shewing number, pitch, diameter and maker's name.

(c.) Type of wireless apparatus fitted.

(d.) Table giving the persons in charge of the aircraft and of its maintenance all necessary information as to the adjustment of the main plane structure or of the rigging.

(e.) A fully detailed engineering record of the life of the aircraft, including all acceptance tests, overhauls, replacements, repairs and all work of a like nature.

SECTION III. ENGINE LOG

This is obligatory only in the case of engines installed in aircraft carrying passengers or goods for hire, and in such cases a separate log book shall be kept for each engine and shall always accompany the engine. It shall contain the following particulars:

8 Resolution No. 88 (0. B. 4, p. 16). Resolution No. 112 (0. B. 5, p. 17). Resolution No. 113 (0. B. 5, p. 19). Resolution No. 143 (0. B. 6, p. 25). Resolution No. 144 (0. B. 6, p. 26). Resolution No. 182 (O. B. 7, p. 26). Resolution No. 221 (O. B. 8, p. 27).

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(a.) Type of engine, series number, maker's name, power, normal maximum revolutions of engine, date of production and first date put into service.

(b.) Registration mark and type of aircraft in which the engine has been installed.

(c.) A fully detailed engineering record of the life of the engine, including all acceptance tests, hours run, overhauls, replacements, repairs, and all work of a like nature.

SECTION IV. SIGNAL LOG

This is obligatory only in the case of aircraft carrying passengers or goods for hire, and shall contain the following particulars:—

(a.) Category to which the aircraft belongs; its nationality and registration marks; the full name, nationality and residence of the owner.

(b.) Place, date, and time of the transmission or reception of any signal. (c.) Name or other indication of the person or station to whom a signal is sent or from whom a signal is received.

SECTION V. FORM, ARRANGEMENT AND METHOD OF KEEPING LOG BOOKS

The various log books prescribed by the Convention may be combined in a single book. The model of the said log book or books, the rules governing their arrangement and the method of keeping them shall be fixed or modified by the International Commission for Air Navigation by the majority provided for in article 34 for the modification of the Annexes.*

ANNEX D. RULES AS TO LIGHTS AND SIGNALS. RULES FOR AIR TRAFFIC

DEFINITIONS

The word "aircraft" comprises all balloons, whether fixed or free, kites, airships, and flying machines.

The word "balloon", either fixed or free, shall mean an aircraft using gas lighter than air as a means of support, and having no means of propulsion.

The word "airship" shall mean an aircraft using gas lighter than air as a means of support, and having means of propulsion.

The words "flying machine" shall mean all aeroplanes, seaplanes, flying boats, or other aircraft heavier than air, and having means of propulsion.

An airship is deemed to be "under way" within the meaning of these rules when it is not made fast to the ground or any object on land or water.

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The word "visible" in these rules when applied to lights shall mean visible on a dark night with a clear atmosphere. The angular limits laid down in these rules as shown in the sketch (attached) shall be determined when the aircraft is in its normal attitude for flying on a rectilinear horizontal course.

The rules concerning the form, arrangement and method of keeping the journey log book were the subject of resolution No. 47 (0. B. 2, pp. 32 to 34) of the I. C. A. N. which is operative, as regards the contracting states, in like manner as the annexes of the convention and is in force as from August 10, 1923.

1. The rules concerning lights shall be complied with in all weathers from sunset to sunrise, and during such time no other lights which may be mistaken for the prescribed lights shall be exhibited. The prescribed navigation lights must not be dazzling.

2. A flying machine, when in the air or manœuvring on land or water under its own power, shall carry the following lights :

(a.) Forward, a white light visible in a dihedral angle of 220 degrees bisected by a vertical plane through the line of flight, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 8 kilometres.

(b.) On the right side, a green light so constructed and fixed as to show an unbroken light between two vertical planes whose dihedral angle is 110 degrees when measured to the right from dead ahead, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 5 kilometres.

(c.) On the left side, a red light so constructed and fixed as to show an unbroken light between two vertical planes whose dihedral angle is 110 degrees when measured to the left from dead ahead, and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 5 kilometres.

(d.) The said green and red side lights shall be fitted so that the green light shall not be seen from the left side nor the red light from the right side.

(e.) At the rear, and as far aft as possible, a white light shining rearwards and visible in a dihedral of 140 degrees bisected by a vertical plane through the line of flight and of such a character as to be visible at a distance of at least 5 kilometres. (f.) In the case where, in order to fulfil the above conditions, the single light has to be replaced by several lights, the field of visibility of each of these lights should be so limited that only one can be seen at a time.

3. The Rules determined for the lighting of flying machines shall apply to airships subject to the following modifications:

(a.) All lights shall be doubled; the forward and aft lights vertically and the side lights horizontally in a fore and aft direction.

(b.) Both lights of each pair forward and aft shall be visible at the same time. The distance between the lights comprising a pair shall not be less than 2 metres. 4. An airship, when towed, shall carry the lights specified in paragraph 3, and, in addition, those specified in paragraph 6 for airships not under control.

5. (a.) A flying machine, or airship, when on the surface of the water, and when not under control, that is to say, not able to manœuvre as required by the Regulations for the Prevention of Collisions at Sea, shall carry two red lights not less than two metres apart one over the other and visible in all directions at a distance of at least three kilometres.

(b) The aircraft referred to in this paragraph, when not making way through the water, shall not carry the side lights, but when making way shall carry them. 6. An airship which from any cause is not under control, or which has voluntarily stopped her engines shall, in addition to the other specified lights, display conspicuously two red lights, one over the other, not less than 2 metres apart, and visible in all directions at a distance of at least 3 kilometres.

By day an airship, when being towed, which from any cause is not under control, shall display conspicuously two black balls or shapes, each 60 cms. in diameter, placed one over the other not less than 2 metres apart.

An airship moored, or under way but having voluntarily stopped its engines, shall display conspicuously by day a black ball or shape, 60 cms. in diameter, and shall be treated by other aircraft as being not under control.

7. A free balloon shall carry one bright white light below the car at a distance of not less than 5 metres, and visible in all directions at a distance of at least 3 kilometres.

8. A fixed balloon shall carry in the same position as the white light mentioned in paragraph 7, and in lieu of that light, three lights in a vertical line one over the other, not less than 2 metres apart. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red, and the middle light shall be white, and they shall be visible in all directions at a distance of at least 3 kilometres.

In addition, the mooring cable shall have attached to it at intervals of 300 metres, measured from the basket, groups of three lights similar to those mentioned in the preceding paragraph. In addition, the object to which the balloon is moored on the ground shall have a similar group of lights to mark its position. By day the mooring cable shall carry in the same position as the groups of lights mentioned in the preceding paragraph, and in lieu thereof, tubular streamers not less than 20 cm. in diameter and 2 metres long, and marked with alternate bands of white and red, 50 cm. in width.

9. An airship when moored near the ground shall carry the lights specified in paragraphs 2 (a) and (e) and 3.

In addition, if moored but not near the ground, the airship, the mooring cable, and the object to which moored, shall be marked in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 8, whether by day or by night.

Sea anchors or drogues used by airships for mooring purposes at sea are exempt from this regulation.

10. A flying machine stationary upon the land or water but not anchored or moored shall carry the lights specified in paragraph 2.

11. In order to prevent collisions with surface craft :—

(a.) A flying machine when at anchor or moored on the water shall carry forward, where it can best be seen, a white light, visible in all directions at a distance of at least 2 kilometres.

(b.) A flying machine of 50 metres or upwards in length, when at anchor or moored on the water, shall in the forward part of the flying machine carry one such light, and at or near the stern of the flying machine, and at a height that it shall not be less than 5 metres lower than the forward light, another such light.

The length of a flying machine shall be deemed to be the overall length.

(c.) Flying machines of 50 metres or upwards in span, when at anchor or moored in the water, shall in addition carry at each lower wing tip one light as specified in (a) of this paragraph.

The span of a flying machine shall be deemed to be the maximum lateral dimension.

12. In the event of the failure at night of any of the lights specified under these rules to be carried by aircraft flying at night, such aircraft shall land as soon as it can do so without danger.

13. Nothing in these rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by any State with respect to the additional station or signal lights for military aircraft, or for aircraft in formation, or with the exhibition of recognition signals adopted by owners of aircraft which have been authorized by their respective Governments and duly registered and published.

SECTION II. RULES AS TO SIGNALS

14. (a) An aircraft wishing to land at night on an aerodrome having a ground control shall before landing, fire a green pyrotechnical light or flash a green lamp intermittently. In addition, it shall make by international Morse code the letter group forming its call sign.

(b) Permission to land will be given by the same call sign from the ground, followed by a green pyrotechnical light, or a flashing green lamp intermittently. 15. The firing of a red pyrotechnical light or the display of a red flare from the ground shall be taken as an instruction that aircraft are not to land.

16. An aircraft compelled to land at night shall before landing fire a red pyrotechnical light or make a series of short and intermittent flashes with its navigation lights.

17. When an aircraft is in distress and requires assistance, the following shall be the signals of distress to be used or displayed, either together or separately: (a) The international signal, SOS, by means of visual or radio-telegraphic signals.

(b) The international code flag signal of distress, indicated by NC.

(c) The distant signal, consisting of a square flag having either above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball.

(d) A continuous sounding with any sound apparatus.

(e) A signal, consisting of a succession of white pyrogtechical lights fired at short intervals.

18. To warn an aircraft that it is in the vicinity of a prohibited area and should change its course, the following signals shall be used:

(a) By day three projectiles discharged at intervals of ten seconds, each showing on bursting white smoke, the location of the burst indicating the direction the aircraft should follow.

(b) By night: three projectiles discharged at intervals of ten seconds showing on bursting white lights or stars, the location of the burst indicating the direction the aircraft should follow.

19. To require an aircraft to land, the following signals shall be used: (a) By day: three projectiles discharged at intervals of ten seconds each showing on bursting black or yellow smoke.

(b) By night: three projectiles discharged at intervals of ten seconds showing on bursting green lights or stars.

In addition, when necessary to prevent the landing of aircraft other than the one ordered, a searchlight which shall be flashed intermittently shall be directed towards the aircraft whose landing is required.

20. (a) In the event of fog or mist rendering aerodromes invisible, their presence may be indicated by a baloon acting as an aeriel buoy and/or other approved means.

(b) In fog, mist, falling snow or heavy rainstorm, whether by day or night, an aircraft on the water shall make the following sound signals—

1. If not anchored or moored, a sound at intervals of not more than two minutes, consisting of two blasts of about five seconds duration with an interval of about one second between them;

2. If at anchor or moored, the rapid ringing of an efficient bell or gong for about five seconds, at intervals of not more than one minute.

SECTION III. GENERAL RULES FOR AIR TRAFFIC

21. Flying machines shall always give way to balloons fixed or free and to airships. Airships shall always give way to balloons, whether fixed or free. 22. An airship when not under its own control shall be classed as a free balloon.

23. Risk of collision can, when circumstances permit, be ascertained by carefully watching the compass bearing and angle of elevation of an approaching aircraft. If neither the bearing nor the angle of elevation appreciably change, such risk shall be deemed to exist.

24. The term "risk of collision" shall include all risk of acident due to undue proximity of other aircraft. Every aircraft that is required by these rules to give way to another to avoid collision, shall keep a safe distance, having regard to the circumstances of the case.

25. While observing the rules regarding risk of collision contained in paragraph 24, a motor-driven aircraft must always manœuvre according to the rules contained in the following paragraphs, as soon as it is apparent that, if it pursued its course, it would pass at a distance of less than 200 metres from any part of another aircraft.

26. When two motor-driven aircraft are meeting end on or nearly end on each shall alter it course to the right.

27. When two motor-driven aircraft are on courses which cross, the aircraft which has the other on its own right side shall keep out of the way of the other.

18. An aircraft overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the overtaken aircraft by altering its own course to the right, and must not pass by diving.

Every aircraft coming up with another aircraft from any direction more than 110 degreees from ahead of the latter, i. e., in such a position with reference to the aircraft which it is overtaking that at night it would be unable to see either of that aircraft's side lights, shall be deemed to be an overtaking aircraft, and no subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two aircraft shall make the. overtaking aircraft a crossing aircraft within the meaning of these rules, or relieve it of the duty of keeping clear of the overtaken aircraft until it is finally past and clear.

As by day the overtaking aircraft cannot always know with certainty whether it is forward or abaft the direction mentioned above from the other aircraft, it should, if in doubt, assume that it is an overtaking aircraft and keep out of the way.

29. Where by any of these rules one of the two aircraft is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep its course and speed. When, in consequence of thick weather or other causes, the aircraft having the right of way finds itself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the giving-way aircraft alone, it shall take such action as will best aid to avert collision.

30. Every aircraft which is directed by these rules to keep out of the way of another aircraft, shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other.

31. In following an officially recognised air route every aircraft, when it is safe and practicable, shall keep to the right side of such route.

32. All aircraft on land or sea about to ascend shall not attempt to "take off" until there is no risk of collision with alighting aircraft.

33. Every aircraft in a cloud, fog, mist, or other conditions of bad visibility shall proceed with caution, having careful regard to the existing circumstances.

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