2. This medical examination shall be based upon the following requirements of mental and physical fitness:

(a) Good family and personal history, with particular reference to nervous stability, as to which information shall be given in a statement made and signed by the candidate and satisfactory to the examining officer.

(b) Candidates for private licences (flying machines) may not apply for a licence before the age of seventeen.

(c) General Surgical Examination. The candidate must neither suffer from any wound or injury, nor have undergone any operation, nor possess any abnormality, congenital or acquired, which might interfere with the safe handling of aircraft under ordinary conditions.

(d) General Medical Examination. The candidate must not suffer from any disease or disability which renders him liable suddenly to become incompetent in the management of aircraft. He must possess heart, lungs and nervous system in a state to withstand the effects of altitude. He must be free from kidney disease, and must not present a clinical sign of syphilis, nor have any cardiac lesion.

(e) Eye Examination. The candidate must possess a degree of visual acuity equal to 6/9 for both eyes with correction by glasses if necessary, the visual acuity being measured by means of a powerful illumination not shining directly into the eyes of the examinee. Ocular poise, the field of vision of each eye and colour perception must be normal.

(f) Ear Examination. The middle ear must be healthy. The candidate must possess an auditory acuity not less than that corresponding with the perception of the whispered voice at one metre. The vestibular mechanism must be intact and not hypersensitive. It must be equal on both sides.

(g) Nose, Throat and Mouth Examination. The candidate must possess free tubal air entry on both sides.

3. Each Contracting State shall provisionally fix its own methods of examination, until the details and the minimal conditions of the tests shall have been settled by a decision of the International Commission for Air Navigation adopted by the majority provided for in Article 34 for modifications of the provisions of the Annexes. Such details and minimal conditions may be modified by the International Commission for Air Navigation by the same majority.

4. The successful candidate will receive a medical certificate of acceptance, which must be produced before the license can be issued. This medical certificate must, as far as possible, be in accordance with the following form:

_to

examination as to physical fitness and that he has been found (2). serve as a private pilot (flying machines).

Given at

_the______day of

(1) Name, Christian names and sex. (2) Fit, unfit, or temporarily unfit.

(Signature).

5. Any aircraft pilot certificated before the 28th of June 1925 will be considered as having fulfilled the requirements mentioned above for the granting of a certificate of physical fitness unless he should be found to have a pathological defect capable of causing a sudden accident.

6. Each Contracting State may raise the conditions set forth above, as it deems fit, but these minimal requirements shall be maintained for international traffic.® B. OPERATING CREW OF AIRCRAFT ENGAGED IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT

1. Every candidate before obtaining a licence as a pilot, navigator, engineer, or member of the operating crew of aircraft engaged in public transport will present himself for examination by specially qualified medical men (flight surgeons), appointed by or acting under the authority of the contracting State. 2. The candidate, before undergoing the examination referred to in paragraph 1 above, must have successfully undergone a preliminary medical examination at which he must have satisfied the following minimal requirements as to physical fitness:

• Resolution No. 197 (0. B. 7, p. 38).

He must be of the male sex, must have the complete use of his four limbs, must not be completely deprived of the use of either eye, must be free from any active or latent, acute or chronic, medical or surgical disability or infection. He must be free from any injury or wound which would entail any degree of functional incapacity which might interfere with the safe handling of aircraft at any altitude even in the case of prolonged or difficult flight. He must be completely free from hernia, must not suffer from any detectable sensory lesion, and must be free from a history of morbid mental or nervous trouble. 3. Medical supervision, both for the selection and the maintenance of efficiency of the personnel specified in paragraph 1, shall be based upon the following requirements of mental and physical fitness:

(a) Good family and personal history, with particular reference to nervous stability, as to which information shall be given at the first examination in a statement made and signed by the candidate and satisfactory to the examining officer. Absence of any mental, moral or physical defect which will interfere with the safety of air navigation.

(b) Pilots and navigators of aircraft engaged in public transport may not enter upon their duties before 19 or after 45 years of age.

(c) General Surgical Examination. The candidate must neither suffer from any wound or injury, nor have undergone any operation, nor possess any abnormality, congenital or acquired, which might interfere with the safe handling of aircraft at any altitude even in the case of prolonged or difficult flight.

(d) General Medical Examination. The candidate must not suffer from any disease or disability which renders him liable suddenly to become incompetent in the management of aircraft.

He must not have any signs of aneurism of the large arterial trunks, nor have any cardiac lesion, even if well compensated; the heart must be normal, with normal function, and only respiratory arrhythmia, increase of pulse rate from excitement or exercise and a general slow pulse not associated with auriculoventricular dissociation will be allowed.

The candidate must not suffer from any acute disability of the lungs, not possess any cicatricial lesion of the lungs, and must be free from tuberculosis capable of being diagnosed by the usual clinical methods, from tracheo-bronchial disease of the glands and from pulmonary emphysema, even if slight. However, with regard to the maintenance of efficiency of the personnel specified in paragraph 1, pulmonary emphysema will entail rejection only when the pulmonary capacity falls below three and half litres at rest after a full exhalation and inhalation and when the duration of the breath holding falls at rest below fifty seconds, or only forty seconds if the candidate is less than one metre sixty-five centimetres in height. In addition, each examination shall include a radioscopy record in doubtful clinical cases.

The candidate must possess a nervous system in a state to withstand the effects of altitudes and also the effects of prolonged flight. He must be free from kidney disease, and must not present any clinical signs of syphilis.

(e) Eye examination. The candidate must possess a degree of visual acuity compatible with the efficient performance of his duties. Pilots and navigators must possess visual acuity equal to 100% for each eye taken separately and without correction by glasses, the visual acuity being measured by means of a powerful illumination not shining directly into the eyes of the examinee. Binocular vision, ocular poise, the field of vision of each eye and colour perception must be normal. (f) Ear Examination. The middle ear must be healthy. The candidate must possess an auditory acuity not less than that corresponding with the normal perception of the tuning forks C (1) 64 vibrations per second, C (3) 256 vibrations per second, and C (7) 4096 vibrations per second, the forks being held perpendicularly to the ground one centimetre from the auditory tube. The vestibular mechanism must be intact and not hypersensitive; it must be equal on both sides. (g) Nose, Throat and Mouth Examination. The candidate must possess free nasal and tubal air entry on both sides and must not suffer from serious, acute or chronic affections of the buccal cavity or upper respiratory tract.

4. Each Contracting State shall provisionally fix its own methods of examination, until the details and the minimal conditions of the tests shall have been settled by a decision of the International Commission for Air Navigation adopted by the majority provided for in article 34 for modifications of the provisions of the Annexes. Such details and minimal conditions may be modified by the International Commission for Air Navigation by the same majority.

5. The successful candidate will receive a medical certificate of acceptance, which must be produced before the license can be issued or renewed and which must, as far as possible, be in accordance with the following form:

(3) Indication of the capacity in which to be employed in the operating crew. 6. In order to ensure the maintenance of efficiency, every member of the personnel specified in paragraph 1, who holds a license, shall be re-examined periodically, at least every six months,' and the findings shall be attached to his original record. In case of illness or accident also, he shall be re-examined and pronounced fit before resuming air duties. The date and result of such re-examination shall be recorded on the license of the person examined.

7. Any member of the operating crew of an aircraft, certificated before the 1st of January 1919, and serving on the 1st of July 1922 in a public transport company, may be retained in the navigating personnel so long as his physical capacities as ascertained at his last medical examination are maintained, unless there be detected a pathological defect capable of causing a sudden accident. 8. Each Contracting State may raise the conditions set forth above, as it deems fit, but these minimal requirements shall be maintained for international traffic.

ANNEX F. INTERNATIONAL AERONAUTICAL MAPS AND GROUND MARKINGS International maps shall be made and ground marks established in accordance with the following general principles:

SECTION I. MAPS

1. Two types of aeronautical maps shall be used. They are hereafter mentioned as general maps and local maps.

2. The index scheme for the aeronautical maps, both general and local, shall be based on the index scheme adopted for the "International 1:1,000,000 scale map" by the official International Congress convened for the purpose in London in 1909 and in Paris in 1913.8

NOTE.-Extract from the resolutions adopted by the Conferences at London and Paris.

The sheets of the international 1: 1,000,000 scale map shall include 6 degrees of longitude and 4 degrees of latitude. The limiting meridians of the sheets shall be at successive intervals, reckoning from Greenwich, of 6 degrees; and the limiting parallels, reckoning from the Equator, shall be at successive intervals of 4 degrees.

The longitudinal sectors, from longitude 180° E. or W. of Greenwich, are given numbers from 1 to 60, increasing in an easterly direction.

The 22 zones, of 4 degrees in depth, extending from the Equator on each side to 88° latitude, are given letters from A to V.

The polar areas, extending for 2 degrees, are lettered Z.

In the northern hemisphere, each sheet shall bear a descriptive symbol composed of the letter N-followed by the zone letter and sector number corresponding to its position, thus: N.K.-12.

In the southern hemisphere, the letter S shall replace the letter N. Example: S.L.-28.

3. The metre shall be used as the standard of measurement for lengths, distances, heights and depths, reserving for each nation the right to add figures expressing these quantities in its own units.

Resolution No. 36, para 1 (0. B. 2, p. 29)

A central bureau for the international general aeronautical map was instituted by Resolution No. 97 (0. B. 4, p. 21) of the I. C. A. N., which is operative, as regards the contracting states. in like manner as the annexes of the convention and is in force as from June 30, 1923.

4. The colours, symbols and arrangements for production adopted for the International 1:1,000,000 scale map shall be used as far as practicable on the aeronautical maps.

5. The general maps shall be drawn on Mercator's projection and shall be to a scale of one degree of longitude equals three centimetres. The limiting meridians of the sheets shall be reckoned from Greenwich; the limiting parallels shall be reckoned from the Equator. The meridians and parallels of each degree shall be marked in fine lines; those limiting the unit sections of the 1/1,000,000 map of the world shall be accentuated. The same designation of unit section shall be used as for the 1/1,000,000 map. An overlap, with adjoining sheets, of one degree of latitude and two degrees of longitude shall be provided.'

6. Each sheet of the general (Mercator) Map shall bear the French heading "Carte Générale Aéronautique Internationale" (see Plate I annexed)10, and under it a translation of this heading in the language of the country publishing the sheet. It shall be designated by an appropriate geographical name and by new co-ordinates (described in paragraph 10) o fthe South West corner of the sheet, excluding the overlap.

Each sheet shall show at least the following: general physical features, represented by a system of hypsometric tints and conventional signs; geographical names; wireless stations; aerial and marine lighthouses (candlepower, colour and character of the light): national frontiers; prohibited areas; lines of equal magnetic declination; a border scale graduated to minutes; latitude and South Polar distance; old and new notation of longitude (see paragraph 10); with an outer margin containing letters and numbers referring to the Index of the 1/1,000,000 Map; the R. F. at the middle latitude of the sheet; scales in kilometres and in the national unit of the country publishing the sheet; index diagram showing the eight surrounding sheets by name and by abridged numbers (vide paragraph 10); with, if necessary, the scales and sheet lines of the corresponding local sheets; key map showing the frontiers and the names of the countries embraced by the sheet, together with the names of seas, districts, etc.; scale of hypsometric tints; list of official air routes with their control points; legend of conventional signs in French or English and in the language of the country publishing the sheets; the projection on which the map is constructed; publisher's name and date of publication and of successive editions; a list of the principal sources from which the sheet is constructed; the official price.

Each

How

7. The scale of the International Local Aeronautical Map is 1/200.000. sheet shall comprise one degree of longitude and one degree of latitude. ever, States which at present have a map on a scale approximating to 1/200,000 or with sheet lines differing little from those laid down above may utilise such map, provided always, with a view to obtaining the unification of the signs used, that they follow as closely as possible the conventional signs given in Plate 1 and that they necessarily conform to the signs for aeronautical information.

10

NOTE. For local aeronautical maps of sparsely inhabited countries, the scale of 1:500,000 or 1:1,000,000, as appropriate, may be used.

(One paragraph deleted).

11

8. Each unit sheet of the local aeronautical maps shall bear the French heading "CARTE NORMALE AERONAUTIQUE INTERNATIONALE" (see Plate 2 annexed)11 and under it a translation of this heading in the language of the country publishing the map. Each sheet shall be designated by an appropriate locality name and, where the series consists of degree sheets, by the new coordinates (described in paragraph 10) of the South West corner of the sheet. (Two sub-paragraphs deleted).

9. The local aeronautical unit sheets shall show, as far as the date are known, the following:

(a) Within the limiting meridians and parallels.-Twenty minutes projection grid; roads; railways of all kinds; cities and towns in outline and the plan of the principal public roads crossing them; villages similarly if practicable, other

9 An index to and designation system of the sheets of the international general aeronautical map were adopted by resolution No. 205 (0. B. 7, p. 42) of the I. C. A. N. which is operative, as regards the contracting States, in like manner as the annexes of the convention and is in force as from June 28. 1925.

10 This plate appeared at the end of Official Bulletin No. 6. This plate appeared at the end of Official Bulletin No. 6.

wise their positions indicated by a small solid circle; principal features of the surface water system; woodlands and other areas unsuitable for landing; aerodromes and seaplane stations, with an indication of the permanent facilities for housing, supplies, etc.; emergency landing grounds; aeronautical ground marks; aerial and marine lighthouses (candle power, colour and character of the light); wireless stations; meteorological stations; overhead electric power lines; remarkable objects; national frontiers with the frontier crossings for customs purposes prescribed by Annex H (paragraph 2); prohibited areas; principal air routes; names of important bodies of water; towns and important villages; the topographical relief by shading. Heights will be given in hundreds of metres to the nearest hundred metres above the actual height; the culminating point will be shown by a point placed after the figure giving the thousands of metres (e. g.: 3.5). In the event of the height indicated being under a thousand metres a cipher will not be placed on the left of the point (e. g.: .3).

(b) In the margin: a border scale graduated to minutes; latitude, South Polar distance; old and new notation of longitude (see paragraph 10).

(c) Outside the margin: the name of the locality chosen to designate the sheet and the abridged numbers when the latter are employed; scales in kilometres and in the national unit of the country publishing the sheet; legend of conventional signs in French or English and in the language of the country publishing the sheet; magnetic declination diagrams and the annual variation; index diagram showing the surrounding sheets by name and by abridged numbers, when the latter are employed; key map giving frontiers and names of countries and seas, parts of which are embraced by the Index diagram; the projection on which the sheet is constructed; publisher's name and date of publication; a list of the principal sources from which the sheet is constructed; the official price.

10. In addition to the customary latitude and longitude notations, the sheets of the general and local aeronautical maps shall bear numbers, enclosed in rectangles, corresponding to a new system of geographical co-ordinates which, with regard to latitude, shall commence with the South Pole as origin, increasing northward to 180° at the North Pole, and, with regard to longitude, shall commence with the antimeridian of Greenwich as origin, running eastward to 360°. In designating sheets by these new co-ordinates, the co-ordinates of the South West corner of the sheet shall be taken, the figures referring to the South Polar distance being invariably written first, and the unit digits being accentuated. Examples: The sheet whose southern boundary is 49° N. (i. e. 139° South Polar distance) and western boundary 2° E. (i. e. 182° from the antemeridian of Greenwich) will be numbered 139-182. Or, the sheet whose southern boundary is 36° S. (i. e. 54° South Polar distance) and western boundary 7° W. (i. e. 173° from the antimeridian of Greenwich) will be numbered 54-173.

11. The general arrangement of the sheets of the general and local maps, titles, marginal notations, diagrams and legends, shall conform with the accompanying models (Plate 1 and Plate 2).12

12. The general and local aeronautical maps and guide books of the areas traversed by the most important routes which may be established by international agreement shall be prepared first.

NOTE. On account of the inadequacy of the usual methods of topographic mapping for making aeronautical maps, it is strongly recommended that steps be taken to survey from the air the areas along the most important international routes. Such surveys would furnish indispensable information regarding the features necessary to be shown on the map the aviator is to use.

SECTION II. UNIVERSAL SYSTEM OF GROUND MARKS

1. Aeronautical ground marks on the ground and on the roofs of buildings shall refer numerically and graphically to the sheets of the local international aeronautical maps.

For this purpose each mark shall shew (see the diagrams) :—

(a) The abridged number which designates the sheet within which it lies; (b) A half rectangle, whose short sides shall be oriented north-south and which shall be open towards the opposite half of the unit sheet;

(c) A dot indicating the approximate position of the mark on the north or south half of the corresponding unit sheet.

12 These plates appeared at the end of Official Bulletin No. 60.