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The specific activities of the Air Carrier Division relative to the general duties enumerated above are tabulated herewith for the fiscal year 1942:

Pilot written examination for original certificate---

Pilot written examination for instrument rating-.

Pilot endorsement..

Flight test:

Air-line transport pilot_.

Check pilot--

Instrument rating--

Aircraft type, class, and horsepower rating--

Pilot reinstatement--.

Mechanic examination for original aircraft certificate----
Mechanic examination for original aircraft engine certi-

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791

368

4, 403

496

35

405

470

845

753

749

1, 184

110

209

1,245

1, 454, 507

Proving flights--

Accidents investigated and reports submitted.

Violations investigated and reports submitted..
Complaints investigated and reports submitted.
National defense activities (hours).

Total overtime (hours)--.

113

· 683

72

118

113

311

343

3,080

22, 486

A list of air carrier operators holding operating certificates together with the number thereof and the length of the routes flown by each carrier is set forth below:

Air carriers operating within the continental limits of the United States

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Air carriers operating beyond the continental limits of the United States

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Although during the fiscal year 1942 the number of aircraft engaged in scheduled air-carrier operations decreased due to the transfer to the military services of a considerable number of transport type aircraft for use in pilot training, military transport, and so forth, there was no corresponding decrease in the number of operators, airports, facilities, operational organizations, and maintenance establishments, or in the lengths of the routes flown.

In some cases the activities of the Air Carrier Division have accelerated due to the necessity of assisting in the establishment and maintenance of measures designed to prevent sabotage; establishment of procedures to provide for operation through or around defense, restricted or danger areas; transfer of aircraft to other operators or routes and rearrangement of schedules. Very few of the Air Carrier Division activities vary directly with the number of airplanes engaged in scheduled air-carrier operations. For instance, as many inspections are required of an airport or facility used by 1 airplane in scheduled operation as would be required of an airport or facility used by 100 airplanes in scheduled operation.

The Air Carrier Division has also been required to inspect airports, maintenance and communication facilities; flight test and approve new or revised procedures and operations over new or altered routes; establish and approve weather minimums for such operations; establish operations specifications for single-engine equipment placed in scheduled operation to replace multiengine equipment released to the military services; make en route operations inspections; inspect radio aids to navigation such as ranges, marker beacons, fan markers and aerophare; inspect maintenance procedures and facilities; certificate airmen; inspect airman and aircraft log books, and so forth.

Nearly all changes in air-carrier operating practices and procedures necessitate the conduct of inspections and the establishment of new standards. Furthermore, the greater number of hours which individual aircraft are now being operated in scheduled service increases the amount and frequency of aircraft inspections required.

The Air Carrier Division also examines and certificates a large number of new airmen to be used in scheduled air-carrier operations to replace those called to duty with the military services and to provide additional certificated personnel for expanded services outside the continental limits of the United States. These examinations and certifications include issuance of pilots' certificates and ratings to airmen of the military services assigned to duty with scheduled air carriers for the purpose of familiarizing them with scheduled air-carrier operations practices and procedures.

In addition to its routine duties, the Air Carrier Division has, as a result of the war effort, been called upon to inspect air-carrier aircraft and components for acquisition by the military services and/or LendLease Administration; inspect electrical and radio installations of military aircraft, particularly of the transport category; furnish technical assistance to the Military Director of Civil Aviation; furnish technical personnel to Army Air Forces Engineering Division, Wright Field, Ohio; participate in establishment of special operating procedures for use in military control areas; collect, consolidate, and make available to military and military contract services detailed information regarding navigational, maintenance, communication, and weather reporting facilities available for use by such services outside the continental United States; and assist and advise military services in the utilization of air-carrier facilities and personnel.

AERONAUTICAL LEGAL OFFICE

Now, you may be interested to know how violations of regulations are handled. They are handled by the Aeronautical Legal Office, under our General Counsel. The General Counsel has certain routine legal functions to perform, similar to those of any law officer of any Government department. He also carries out the actions on violations of the regulations. From the reports of violations sent in by the field inspectors, it is determined whether or not a civil penalty should be assessed; whether the infraction is serious enough to involve the suspension or revocation of the certificate or whether it is so minor that only a reprimand should be required.

Mr. HARLESS. Do you have the power or authority to fine and collect fines in enforcing your penalties?

Mr. STANTON. We have the authority to institute action for collection of civil penalties and we are authorized to accept offers in compromise. We suggest to the alleged violator the amount that we would consider satisfactory in compromise of any penalty that he might have incurred, and if he offers that in compromise it can be accepted, and the case closed. If, however, he does not consider that such penalty is justified, we then have to hand the case to the Department of Justice and the Department of Justice proceeds with regular court action to collect the penalty.

Mr. HARLESS. Is there a procedure set up by which the penalty can be collected?

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Mr. STANTON. That is right. Now, necessarily, if the case is a matter in which we recommend revocation or suspension of a certificate, that goes to the Civil Aeronautics Board to judge and our office makes a statement of the case to the Board and the Board offers the individual a hearing. If he chooses to have a hearing, he may. If he waives hearing, the Board will then decide upon the penalty, in a revocation or suspension case. We do not have any authority to arbitrarily deprive a man of his certificate except for a very brief temporary time, in emergencies.

Mr. HARLESS. That is ex parte. That is, without hearing, you have the power to take away a man's right to fly?

Mr. STANTON. Only pending a hearing or decision by the Board. If it is a serious case we can lift the certificate for a maximum of 30 days, pending a hearing, which may be renewed for another 30 days.

SAFETY REGULATION-AERONAUTICAL LEGAL OFFICE (COMPLIANCE SERVICE)

In carrying on activities connected with enforcement of safety regulations the Aeronautical Legal Office performs the following functions:

1. Preparation of amendments to the Civil Air Regulations issued by the Board and preparation of regulations of the Administrator of Civil Aeronautics which require immediate revision to facilitate civil aviation functions directly connected with the war effort. This includes general simplification of the regulations intended to relieve the Civil Aeronautics Administration field personnel from routine regulatory work in order to permit performance of other functions directly connected with the war effort. Represents the Administrator before the Board with respect to regulations submitted to it.

2. The preparation of all opinions and interpretations concerning safety regulations and regulations of the Administrator, particularly with respect to the statutory authority of the Administrator and the Civil Aeronautics Board to perform functions in connection with the war effort, requested by the armed forces. This includes the preparation of special orders, procedures and instructions based upon such opinions and interpretations.

3. The preparation of opinions and interpretations on all questions of recordation and registration of aircraft arising under title V of the Civil Aeronautics Act, including review for legal sufficiency of instruments involved in the transfer or sale of aircraft. This involves opinions on the status and liabilities of use of aircraft of air carriers under lease to the armed forces for the purpose of transporting military personnel and material.

4. Assisting in the preparation of air carrier operating certificates and specifications issued by the Administrator. Such certificates and specifications now control many operations conducted for the armed forces by certificated air carriers.

5. Coordination of all rules, regulations, orders, and procedures affecting civil aviation, including those issued by military commanders, State and local governments and other Federal agencies.

6. Preparation and review of all contracts of the Civil Aeronautics Administration, particularly those negotiated by the Civil Aeronautics Administration pursuant to the provisions of Executive Order No. 9116. Interpretation of all such contracts, including the preparation of necessary findings of fact and other orders by the Administrator in connection with amendments, modifications, extensions, settlement of claims, and other similar actions with respect to such contracts authorized by Executive Order No. 9116.

7. The preparation of opinions on the powers and obligations of the Civil Aeronautics Administration under international law, particularly with respect to the issuance of permits for the operation of foreign civil aircraft within the United States; permits for the operation of civil aircraft within the Canal Zone and the issuance of foreign flight authorizations to domestic civil aircraft; including the coordination of such matters with the Civil Aeronautics Board whenever economic aspects of air transportation are involved.

8. Directing the investigation of all civil airmen suspected of subversive activities in accordance with the policies established by the Secretary of War pursuant to Executive Order No. 8974 requiring the Secretary of Commerce to exercise his control over civil aviation in accordance with the requirements for the successful prosecution of the war as may be requested by the Secretary of War.

9. Enforcement of Civil Air Regulations, regulations of the Administrator and regulations governing civil aircraft issued by authorized military commanders. This includes:

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(a) Recommendation to the Administrator of civil penalties. (6) Recommendation to the Civil Aeronautics Board of suspension or revocation of airmen certificates.

(c) Denial of airmen certificates, particularly in cases of airmen suspected of subversive activities.

(d) Presenting the case of the Administrator to the Civil Aeronautics Board in hearings arising out of suspension and revocation proceedings and appeals from action by the Administrator denying certificates.

(e) Issuance of reprimands for minor violations.

(f) Transmission of reports of violations by military personnel to appropriate military authorities.

(g) Direction of seizure and impoundment of civil aircraft operated in violation of regulations governing civil aviation.

(h) Coordination and direction of the field staff of the Civil Aeronautics Administration with respect to procedure to be followed in violation cases.

(i) Assisting, upon request, the Department of Justice in the prosecution of cases arising out of enforcement action of the Civil Aeronautics Administration.

CERTIFICATE SECTION

As will have been evident from the foregoing there are a great variety and number of certificates which must be issued and filed for reference. This duty and the recordation of changes in title to aircraft is handled by the Certificate Section. An indication of the

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