to be looked after. It was also widely published that Mr. Havemeyer himself submitted to Secretary Carlisle the sugar schedule which was taken to the Senate committee and substituted for the schedule in the Wilson bill which the Senate committee had prepared. In the end the sugar trust had its way, and there was a great scandal surrounding the whole negotiation, including the speculation in sugar stocks by United States Senators, as disclosed by the investigation, when Mr. Havemeyer, John E. Searles and Elverton R. Chapman were reported to the district attorney for being in contempt of the Senate in refusing to answer questions. Mr. Havemeyer and Mr. Searles were released by the court on the ground that any contributions they may have made to the Democratic campaign fund could not possibly have concerned the election of any of its members, notwithstanding the fact that in 1892 there were elected legislatures which sent Edward Murphy, Jr., to the United States Senate from New York and James Smith, Jr., from New Jersey. Senator McCarren, who has become the chairman of the New York Democratic State executive committee, is the champion defender of the sugar trust in public life. In 1897 there was an investigation of the trust question by a joint committee of the New York Senate and Assembly, of which Senator Clarence Lexow was chairman. Senator McCarren was the Democratic member of this committee on the part of the Senate. The man who by the use of his capital develops a great mine; the man who by the use of his capital builds a great railroad; the man who by the use of his capital, either individually or joined with others like him, does any great legitimate business enterprise, confers a benefit, not a harm, upon the community, and is entitled to be so regarded. He is entitled to the protection of the law, and in return he is to be required himself to obey the law. The law is no respecter of persons. The law is to be administered neither for the rich man as such nor for the poor man as such. It is to be administered for every man, rich or poor, if he is an honest and law-abiding citizen; and it is to be invoked against any man, rich or poor, who violates it, without regard to which end of the social scale he may stand at; without regard to whether his offense takes the form of greed and cunning or the form of physical violence. In either case, if he violates the law, the law is to be invoked against him; and in so invoking it I have the right to challenge the support of all good citizens and to demand the acquiescence of every good man. I hope I will have it; but, once for all, I wish it understood that even if I do not have it I shall enforce the law.― President Roosevelt at Butte, Mont., May 27, 1903. Where possible, it is always better to mediate before the strike begins than to try to arbitrate when the fight is on and both sides have grown stubborn and bitter.-President Roosevelt at Labor Day picnic, Chicago, Sept. 3, 1900. Our average fellow-citizen is a sane and healthy man, who believes in decency and has a wholesome mind. He therefore feels an equal scorn alike for the man of wealth guilty of the mean and base spirit of arrogance toward those who are less well off, and for the man of small means who in his turn either feels or seeks to excite in others the feeling of mean and base envy for those who are better off.-President Roosevelt at Syracuse, N. Y., Sept. 7, 1903. The duties of peace are with us always; those of war are but occasional; and with a nation as with a man, the worthiness of life depends upon the way in which the everyday duties are done. The home duties are the vital duties.-President Roosevelt at Sherman statue unveling, Oct. 15, 1903. Above all the administration of the government, the enforcement of the laws, must be fair and honest. The laws are not to be administered either in the interest of the poor man or the interest of the rich man. They are simply to be administered justly.President Roosevelt at Charleston, S. C., April 9, 1902. 1 LABOR, WAGES, AND PRICES. LABOR CONDITIONS UNDER REPUBLICAN AND DEMOCRATIC ADMINISTRATIONS. The only way in which a fair idea may be obtained of the actual conditions of labor at any time is by careful, impartial investigation. This fact was recognized when the United States Government and the governments of most of the different states of the Union and of the countries of Europe established bureaus of labor statistics. The United States Bureau of Labor in its bulletin for July, 1904, (a) published the results of an extensive investigation into the wage conditions in leading industries throughout the country during the years 1890 to 1903. To obtain this information special agents of the Bureau of Labor were sent to representative establishments which have existed during that entire period to copy directly from the pay rolls the figures showing the number of persons employed, the average wages paid, and the hours worked per week. This investigation was the most comprehensive of its kind ever undertaken by any government. As no figures were used unless obtained from establishments which could furnish all the information for each year of the period, the results are comparable in every detail, and as they have been taken directly from the payrolls of the establishedments they are believed to be entirely trustworthy. The following tables compiled from the above mentioned July bulletin, show in actual and relative figures the average number of employees, the average wages per hour, and the average number of hours worked per week from 1890 to 1903, for each of 13 leading occupations. It must be remembered that the figures are for identical establishments, the number of which is given at the head of each table. To make the study of the table easier the Bureau of Labor computed a relative number to accompany each actual number. While all comparisons might have been made with 1890 or any other year, it was thought best to take as a basis for comparison, or 100.0, not any one year, but the average during the ten years from 1890 to 1899, owing to the fact that the conditions in any one year might be abnormal. On the first line, therefore, of the table given below (for blacksmiths) appears the number 576, which was the average number employed during the ten years from 1890 to 1899 in the 166 identical establishments. In the second column is the relative number 100.0, indicating that the number 576 is taken as the basis, or 100.0. In the second line, showing the number of employees in 1890, is given the relative number 99.5, indicating that in 1890 the number of employees in the 166 establishments was 99.5 per cent of the average number employed during the ten-year period from 1890 to 1899. other relative figures may be used in a similar manner. Blacksmiths in 166 identical establishments. The a The bi-monthly bulletins of the Bureau of Labor are puklished for free distribution and can be obtained on application to the bureau. |