The receipts for that year had amounted | bouring within or beyond the western to 47,151 dollars, and the disbursements to frontier of the United States among the 55,138 dollars. In addition to its regular following tribes, or remnants of tribes: the receipts, the Board had received 6000 dol- Wyandots, Oneidas, Shawnees, Delawares, lars from the American and Foreign Bible Kickapoos, Pottawottamies, Chippewas, Society for the publication of the Scrip- Choctas, Cherokees, &c., &c. The Retures; 2200 dollars from the American port for that year states the Indian memTract Society for the publication of Tracts; bers of the mission churches gathered from and 4400 dollars from the United States these tribes to have amounted to 3851. Government towards the support of schools among the Indians.*

CHAPTER VII.

BOARD OF MISSIONS OF THE PROTESTANT EPIS-
COPAL CHURCH.

THIS Board was constituted in 1835. Its domestic operations we have noticed in another place, and have now to speak of its foreign missions, which extend to various parts of the world.

tribe of Indians called Flat Heads, living to the west of the Oregon Mountains, prompted, probably, by what they had seen and heard of the Christian religion among the trappers of the American and Hudson's Bay Fur Companies, sent some of their chiefs into the United States to inquire as to the various forms of religious worship observed here, and to decide upon which to recommend. After a long and WESTERN AFRICA.-It has a very flourpainful journey they reached St. Louis, ishing mission at Cape Palmas, and at two and stated the object of their coming to or three stations a few miles distant in the the late General Clarke,* then Govern-interior. In 1843 it comprised five ordainment Agent for Indian Affairs in that dis-ed ministers, together with three white trict, by whom it was communicated to the ministers of the Gospel in the place. A great sensation was naturally produced. The Methodist Missionary Society was the first that took the matter up, and, desiring to act with prudence, sent two judicious and experienced persons across the Oregon Mountains to visit the Indians, ascertain their present position, and choose a proper situation for a mission. On their arrival they found the way wonderfully prepared by the Lord's providential dispensations, so that after their return, a mission on a large scale left New-York for the Oregon country. After a journey of some months it reached the place of its destination, and was welcomed by the Indians and the Agents of the Hudson's Bay Company stationed in that region.

and ten coloured teachers and assistants. The place has been well chosen, for Cape Palmas is one of the healthiest spots on that notoriously unhealthy coast. Several American ladies have resided there in the enjoyment of good health for some years. Attached to the mission there are several schools, partly for the colonists, partly for the natives, and attended by above 100 scholars, youths and adults. The preaching of the missionaries is well attended, and has been blessed to the salvation of souls.

CHINA. The Board has commenced a mission under favourable auspices in China. It has one labourer on this field, and is about to send others.

GREECE.-The Board has a mission at Athens. There the Rev. Mr. Hill, with his This mission, which from the first has wife (who is a remarkably efficient perbeen remarkably blessed, consisted, in son), are stationed, and several American 1841, of no fewer than sixty-eight persons, ladies as teachers, besides whom there are including teachers, farmers, mechanics of about twelve native teachers. Mr. Hill all kinds, women, and children, all, of has been very successful in raising and course, connected with the society. It is supporting schools for infants, for boys designed, in fact, to be in a great measure and for girls, attended by about 800 schola self-supporting mission. Its object part-ars. He preaches, also, on the Sabbath ly is, by exhibiting the advantages of civ- and other occasions, in Greek, to a conilization, to induce the Indians to engage gregation of young and old. Yet, owing in tillage, and to adopt the other arts and to the perpetual jealousy of the Greek clerusages of civilized life, in all which the gy, and their influence with the governmission has succeeded much beyond ex-ment, the missionaries find themselves expectation. Its spiritual success was still posed to many difficulties. more remarkable, for the Indian converts amounted, two years ago, to no fewer than 1000. The mission, upon the whole, is an experiment of the most interesting kind.

The total number of this society's foreign missionaries amounted in 1843 to 115, of whom probably eighty were ordained. The number of members in the mission churches was 8936. Its total income for that year was $109,452; its disbursements $145,035, of which probably 90,000 were for home, and 55,035 for foreign missions.†

* The name of this gentleman is well known in connexion with that of the late Governor Lewis, from the Exploring Tour they made in company across the Oregon Mountains to the Pacific Ocean, during Mr. Jefferson's presidency.

It is probable that I have not apportioned with

CRETE. In this island, also, there is a mission conducted by one ordained missionary, assisted by his wife and one or two natives engaged as teachers. This mission has succeeded as well as its friends and projectors had hoped.

MISSION IN THE EAST.-The Board sustained a mission for some years at Constantinople. But it seems probable that it will be removed to Mardin or Mosul, in order to reach more effectually the Syrian churches, in whose behalf the Society has taken much interest. The Rev. Mr. South

perfect exactness the disbursements of the Society. The Report does not separate the domestic from the foreign expenditures. The whole number of missionaries, domestic and foreign, employed by the Society in 1843, was 325, ordained and unordained, and the members in the churches gathered were 39,684,

gate, who has travelled much in Asia Minor and the adjacent parts of the East, and has given the results of his observations in his interesting journals, is the Society's missionary in this field. Two others have been appointed to join him. TEXAS.-In this Republic the Board last year employed three missionaries, who were labouring with some success at Houston, Matagorda, and Galveston,

It hence appears that the whole number of the Board's ordained missionaries amounted, in 1843, to eleven, labouring in seven distinct missions, besides whom there were several American ladies, chiefly engaged in teaching, and no fewer than twenty native teachers. The receipts, exclusive of $200 from the American Tract Society, amounted, last year, to $35,197; the disbursements exceeded the receipts by $4494. The Board issues an interesting publication entitled "The Spirit of Missions," for the diffusion of missionary intelligence among the churches.

CHAPTER VIII.

at monthly prayer-meetings. The Rev. Lu ther Palmer, of Norwalk, Ohio, a Free-Will Baptist pastor, some time ago gave himself and all his property, valued at $5000, to the Society, wishing the latter to be applied to the support of the press in India. Such liberality reminds us of Pentecostal days. The receipts of the Society were, in 1843, $3502; its expenditures were $2679.

FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY of the Lu THERAN CHURCH IN THE UNITED STATES.This society, which dates from 1837, originated in an appeal from the German missionaries in India, Mr. Rhenius and his associates, to their brethren in the United States, for the assistance they required in consequence of their separation from the Church Missionary Society of England, on account of certain of its views and measures which they disapproved, after having laboured for several years in its service. In answer to their appeal, a convention of Lutheran ministers and lay members was held at Hagerstown, in Maryland, and the society was organized. But these missionaries having renewed their connexion with the English Church Missionary Society, the American Lutherans have resolved to send out missionaries from their own churches, and now have two labouring in India.

FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE MORAVIANS, OR UNITED BRETHREN.-The Moravian Brethren in the United States formed a society for propagating the Gospel among the heathen in 1787; an act for incorporating it was passed by the State of Pennsylvania; and it has been actively employed ever since in promoting missions. This socie

dians (the one among the Delawares, the other among the Cherokees), and eight missionaries. Its receipts last year were 8364 dollars. Some years ago it received a handsome legacy from a gentleman at Philadelphia. Its organ is "The United Brethren's Missionary Intelligencer, and Religious Miscellany."

FOREIGN MISSIONS OF OTHER DENOMINATIONS. MISSIONS OF THE FREE-WILL BAPTIST CHURCHES.-The Free-Will Baptist Foreign Missionary Society was organized in 1833, and originated in the correspondence of the Rev. Mr. Sutton, of the English General Baptist Mission, with Elder Buzzel, a Free-Will Baptist minister in the United States. Mr. Sutton wrote in 1831, representing the deplorable state of the heathen in India, and calling on his American breth-ty sustains two missions among the Inren to come up to the help of the Lord against the mighty. Returning to England in 1833, Mr. Sutton went from that to America, there spent several months preaching to the churches; then, after another short visit to his native land, he made an extensive tour in 1834 through the FreeWill Baptist churches in the United States, preaching to them on the subject of missions, and acting as the corresponding secretary of a missionary society which had been formed the preceding year. Having succeeded in rousing these churches to a sense of their duty, he sailed in 1835 for India with the Rev. Messrs. Noyes and Phillips and their wives, being the first missionaries from the new society. On their arrival they went with Mr. Sutton to Orissa, a province lying on the western shore of the Bay of Bengal, some hundred miles southwest from Calcutta. They have been labouring chiefly at Balasore with much faithfulness and success. The Rev. Messrs. Bachelor and Dow have since joined these brethren, and are zealously prosecuting their work. The Society owes much, we understand, to subscriptions and collections

FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE SCOTTISH CHURCHES.-The reader has remarked that in our notices of the Associate, Associate Reformed, and Reformed Presbyterian Churches, we mentioned that they have undertaken foreign missions, either in connexion with the Board of the Old School Presbyterians or independently, within the last few years.

Such are the societies in the United States which have been expressly formed for the propagation of the Gospel in pagan countries, although some of them have missions in countries nominally Christian.

Let me add, that the American Bible Society, and the American and Foreign Bible Society supported by the Baptists, have been making large yearly donations towards the circulation of the Holy Scrip

tures in foreign, and especially pagan tries, and was suggested by the growing lands. Some, also, of the State and other conviction of many persons in the United local Bible Societies, such as those of Mas- States, that until pure Christianity be resachusetts and Philadelphia, have done stored in nominal Christendom, the consomething in this way. The American version of the heathen world can hardly Tract Society has likewise made yearly be looked for. There are millions of Protgrants of from 10,000 to 40,000 dollars for estants, and tens of millions of Romanists, the publication and distribution of religious so manifestly ignorant of the great doctracts in foreign, and chiefly in heathen trines of the Gospel, as to prove by their lands. The American Sunday-school lives that they are little better than bapUnion, too, has granted both books and tized heathen. Hundreds of thousands money for promoting its objects abroad. professing Christianity may be found in I am unable to state the yearly amount of some countries who have actually never all these donations with perfect accuracy, read a page of the book which God intendbut believe that, taking the average of the ed should be emphatically the people's last ten years, they have exceeded 50,000 Book, but which those who put themselves dollars. forward as their guides have kept from them, either from ignorance of its value, or from a dread of its influence when read. Now, while many societies seek to promote true religion in the United States,

CHAPTER IX.

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR AMELIORATING THE and many also to send the Gospel to the

CONDITION OF THE JEWS.

heathen, the Foreign Evangelical Society THIS Society was formed in 1820, for that great intermediate field, presented by makes it its peculiar province to cultivate the purpose of providing an asylum, and the means of earning a comfortable live-whatever may be their civilization, the professedly Christian countries in which, lihood in America, for Jews whose con- Gospel is really almost as little known as version to Christianity exposed them to it is to the very heathen; some being persecution and the loss of the means of buried in the darkness of Romanism, and living. A farm, accordingly, of about 500 others in the still worse darkness of Raacres was purchased, on which it was pro- tionalism. In many such countries God, posed to have a colony of converted Jews, in his holy Providence, has been evidentwho, by tillage and other useful arts, might ly opening the way for the admission of support themselves and their families. the long-excluded light. Stupendous revSomehow or other this project did not an-olutions have in the course of the last fifswer the expectations of its projectors, ty years shaken, for a time at least, the and so much did the Society lose the con- spiritual despotism that had reigned so fidence of the Christian public, that for a long over a great part of Christendom, while it seemed quite lost sight of. A year or two ago, however, the impulse giv- ter fruits of infidelity, in all its forms, have both in Europe and America; and the biten in Scotland and other European coun- disposed many, in countries where it had tries to the work of converting the Jews, sapped the foundations of faith, to return led some of the old friends of the Ameri- to the simple truths of the Gospel, unpercan Society to think of reviving it, and di-verted by human speculation and “philosrecting its efforts to the employment of mis-ophy falsely so called." The last revolusionaries among the Jews, either in Ameri- tions in France and Belgium, in particuca or elsewhere. As the Society is incor- lar, seemed to lay those countries more porated, and has property to the amount, I believe, of from 15,000 to 20,000 dollars, it may commence its operations immediately among the Jewish people, of whom

there are said to be about 50,000 in the United States, whose conversion has never, it must be confessed, called forth the interest and the efforts that it ought to

have done.

CHAPTER X.

FOREIGN EVANGELICAL SOCIETY OF THE UNI

TED STATES.

THIS, which is the latest in its origin of all the foreign missionary societies, was formed in 1839, for promoting evangelical religion in all nominally Christian coun

open to evangelical effort; and it was hoped that, at no distant day, Spain and Portugal also would be found accessible

to the Word of God.

After much inquiry, partly conducted by er countries of Europe, an association was an agent sent expressly to France and othformed in 1836, which, three years after, took the form of a regular society; not, however, for sending missionaries from America to Europe, but for assisting the friends of evangelical religion in France, Belgium, and other countries similarly cir-cumstanced. It has accordingly aided the evangelical societies of France and Geneva, and, though not to the same extent, some other, and more local associations. Gradually extending the range of its efforts, it has also promoted the same cause

by the distribution of tracts in Germany, and has even aided the friends of the truth in Sweden in what they are doing to communicate the blessings of the Gospel more effectually to the Laplanders. As the Society's Executive Committee is not restricted to any particular method of effecting its objects, it has turned its attention to a variety of ways of procedure.

Clerk to the Supreme Court of the United States. The Society was organized in 1817, and its objects are expressed as follows, in the second article of its constitution: "To promote and execute a plan of colonizing (with their consent) the free people of colour residing in our country, in Africa, or such other place as Congress shall deem most expedient." The primary motive of its founders was to place the coloured man in circumstances in which

of station and character, and, consequently, that equality in social life which they supposed that he cannot reach in the midst of a white population.

While making these efforts in Europe, the Society has found among the Roman Catholic population of Lower Canada, he might acquire that real independence which is almost wholly of French origin, an important and providentially-prepared field, which is now occupied by a very prosperous mission. As this mission originated with some friends of the Gos- Soon after the Society was constituted, pel in Switzerland, it is supported to a cer- the Rev. Messrs. Mills and Burgess were tain extent by an association at Lausanne. sent as commissioners to explore the west Attached to it there is a large mission-coast of Africa, and select a site for the house, in which above twenty Canadian proposed colony. The first expedition converts are preparing for future labours as teachers, colporteurs, evangelists, preachers, &c. There are no fewer than eight or nine missionaries, all but one or two of whom are natives of France or Switzerland; all have been accustomed to the French tongue from childhood, and several speaking no other. No one can foresee what may be the results of this auspicious commencement among a people with whom all previous attempts of a like kind had failed.

The society contemplates commencing operations at several points of South America, as soon as persons fitted for the work can be found.

The receipts of this society for the year ending on the 1st of May last (1843) were about 15,000 dollars; and the number of labourers, in various fields, whom it supported, was about eighty.

CHAPTER XI.

AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY.

FINALLY, we propose to say a few words respecting the American Colonization Society, because of its connexion with missions in Western Africa, and its bearings upon the general interests of humanity, though not a missionary society itself.

Though originating in a sincere desire to promote the benefit of the African race, on the part of some of the best men that America has ever seen, this society has for many years past been much decried in America, and misrepresented to some extent in Europe. The three persons who may be regarded as its founders have all passed from the present scene to their reward above. These were the late Rev. Dr. Finlay, of New-Jersey, the Rev. Samuel J. Mills, of Connecticut, and the Hon. Elias B. Caldwell, of Washington City,

was sent over in 1820, under the Rev. Samuel Bacon, who was appointed governor; but he and many of the colonists were cut off by the fever of the country, in attempting to form a settlement at Sherbro, which consequently failed. Another attempt followed a year or two afterward, and though the site was not so good as might have been found, it proved far better than the former, and is now called Liberia, lying between the 8th and 11th degrees of north latitude. No great extent of country was bought at first, but other parcels have been added since, and the Society hopes before long to obtain the entire coast from Cape Mount on the north to Cape Palmas on the south, and extending to about 300 miles in length. Its chief possessions at present are about Cape Messurado in the north, and Cape Palmas in the south; a large part of the intervening coast is now in the possession of native chieftains, and on purchasing it, which the Society hopes soon to be able to do, it proposes to plant colonies at different points, for the double purpose of extending the present settlements and of abolishing the slave-trade, still vigorously prosecuted at two or three points on this part of the coast.

Monrovia, the chief town in the northern cluster of colonies, has a convenient port, and is of considerable extent. There the Governor of Liberia resides. There are eight or ten villages, also, to the north and south, and in the interior, settlements having been made on the Stockton and St. Paul's Rivers, as well as at other points to the distance of eight or ten miles from Monrovia. A colony planted at Cape Palmas by the Maryland Auxiliary Colonization Society, consists of about 550 or 600 colonists from America.* Many natives,

Cape Palmas, Mr. Rushworm, is a gentleman of col* It is an interesting fact, that the governor at our, brought up in America as a printer, and who