men, belongs to them entirely, and neither soldiers nor working men have any right to participate in these profits except merely to get the meagre portion for their absolute daily wants.

The great object of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States is thus boldly illustrated which is to get money by combination whch is no more commendable then for labor unions to get money by combination. The members of each union are all made out of the same common clay and neither is superior to the other and show the same traits of human nature.

A STEP IN THE RIGHT DIRECTION

Washington, April 2, 1920.-Attorney General tells House committee about his suit against the packers. He says: "Court proceedings against the 'big five' Chicago packers were instituted because it had come to the time for a slowdown in the industry. The packers were either entitled to a clean bill of health or the public was entitled to a judgment of some sort against them. The consent decree finally agreed upon after the government had instituted suit, was the result. The divorcement decree met every just complaint that had been made by consumers or competitors against the packers. It met them by a judgment with the means of enforcing it. The managers and influential stockholders in the packing corporation can be convicted of contempt of court and imprisoned for any violation of its terms. This makes these five great packers butchers and nothing else. They are no longer a menace to the food tables of America with control of meat substitutes and all other foods.

"I got more for people by the civil action than I ever could by proceeding against them as criminals.

"I wanted to accomplish five things: First, to take the packers out of the stock yard business, out of the terminal railroads which entered the stock yards, and out of the live stock or market publications and keep them out.

"In detail, the plan is worked out so that the defendants themselves may present a plan to dispose of their interests, and if that plan is not approved by the court, then a method is made by which the court may fix the plan.

"That is designed for the purpose of permitting the producers themselves, if they desired, to be substituted in the ownership of the stock yards and terminal railroads for the packers."

Mr. Palmer said the other things he desired to accomplish were to take the packers out of the public storage warehouse business, the retail business and the unrelated line of business.

"All those things I insisted upon and would not under any circumstances recede from," said he.

Mr. Palmer said he had made no suggestion to the packers as to what his position would be with respect to future legislation by Congress or litigation by the government.

"My personal view," he said, "is that I would like to see this tried out. I believe this a great long forward step. I believe we have gotten things that we have been fighting for years, apparently without hope of getting. I think it will do a great deal of good. I do not promise it is going to mean immediate lowering of prices."

PACKERS' PROFITS TREBLED IN 1915-1917-TRADE COMMISSION SETS FORTH SOME INTERESTING FIGURES.

Washington, May 15.-Profits made by the big meat packing companies in the first three years of the war, 1915 to 1917, “doubled, trebled and quadrupled," according to a special report of the federal trade commission made public today.

From 1912 to 1914 the report said, “the big five-Morris & Co., Wilson & Co., Cudahy Co., Armour & Co., Swift & Co.-made average annual profits of $59,000,000, while in the next three years their net return averaged $192,000,000.

The commission called attention to the packers' announcement that profits amounted to "only 2 or 3 cents per dollar of sales" and said that in an industry like those under consideration which turn over a product rapidly this is the "equivalent of a high rate of return on net worth (15 per cent or more).

"Rate on investment, not rate on sales, furnish the correct method whereby the reasonableness of profits may be determined," the report added.

Financial statistics used by the packers in their recent advertising campaign “are not based on accepted methods of determining costs and accordingly dependence cannot be placed upon them," the report said. "The whole accounting system of the packers must be revised before dependable figures can be found showing costs and profits by specific products or even for the business as a whole."

Labor unions would be chartered and conducted by prescribed methods and kept under national or state control, and regulated by statuatory laws, instead of being left to promiscuous combinations, dictated to by irresponsible officials and walking delegates who resort on occasion to force to accomplish their unrestricted high-handed programs.

CHAPTER III

GERMANY.

Now Germany follows suit, in the inevitable impetus of democracy and after its defeat in struggle for world domination, through military force, under an archaic monarchy, is seeking to reorganize the shattered autocratic governments of its different states and establish something on the order of a modern republic. The old imperial government of the Hohenzollerns, once a world power, which threatened to extend its rule over other nations, has been dissolved entirely beneath the dazzling glare of nineteenth century civilization and liberty, brought into light by the energy and courage of American soldiers co-operating with the allied forces of Western Europe. The history of this war is too extensive to be included in this book. References have been made to other war books.

The twenty-two states which were governed under a monarchial system, each with its constitution limiting the rights of the people, have now thrown off their autocratic rulers and with the three cities of Hamburg, Bremen and Lubeck have formed a confederation under a representative republican constitution, a copy of which is included in this book.

This transformation has taken place quicker and with less friction in Germany than in France at the time of Louis XVI, or Russia at the present time, as the mass of the German people are better educated and more suited for self-government. The more rational and intelligent middle class will be able to control the extreme socialistic element and eradicate or overpower Bolshevism and keep control of the state governments. The Bolsheviki do not understand the fundamental principles of the science of government, and are not able to formulate a practical working constitution and establish a state which would be recognized as such by other modern governments. No race or nation could prosper or exist any length of time under the methods which they proposed. This travesty of government, which is a reaction from monarchial despotism, must be driven out of Europe by the allied nations by force, if necessary, before real, modern, and safe republics can be made permanent.

In order to give the Bolsheviki the absolute power to rule, not through a majority vote of all the people as the name indicates (being majority rule), but through the forcible rule of the minority, the burgeoise and nobility having been disfranchised or killed.

It has been found that when the leaders of this new form of government have applied to other countries for commercial relations

and for representation, it has been denied them because they do not recognize the ownership of property by individuals and because of their violence in dealing with their adversaries.

A copy of the Soviet Constitution is contained in this book.

THE NEW GERMAN REVOLUTION.

As I anticipated, from what I have learned in regard to conditions in Germany since the armistice, the Royalists and Militarists of Prussia finally sprung their long contemplated revolt against the new republican government of the German states, which had supplanted the former empire and which in many ways had demonstrated its ability to administer the affairs of a liberal government efficiently, according to the regulations incorporated in their new constitution.

This revolt occurred March 13, 1920. On this date, the following telegrams were sent from Berlin through the Associated Press:

Berlin, March 13.-Germany today is in the throes of a counter. revolutionary movement which was successful this forenoon in turning the Ebert government out of Berlin and setting up a new administration in the capital.

President Ebert and his cabinet offering no armed resistance to the revolutionary troops which invaded Berlin from the suburbs, have gone to Dresden and established the seat of the government in that city.

The new government, which has been provisionally proclaimed here with Dr. Wolffgang Kapp as chancellor, has declared the National Assembly dissolved and announced that new elections will be held.

The proclamation was issued promising freedom and order and dissolving the National Assembly.

The old government, through its majority Socialist members, including President Ebert, has issued a proclamation calling for a general strike as the only means of saving Germany from the return of Wilhelm II.

The late government leaders quitted Berlin and were reported at Dresden, where the seat of the old government has been established. The public at large was taken by surprise. Berlin proceeded today as usual. The chief interest was financial, and commercial circles were absorbed in the sudden rise of the mart. The revolt so far has been bloodless.

Another telegram stated a general strike in Berlin, including all public utilities. There are no street cars, no lights and no water.

This message was sent by Colonel Davis of the American Mission in Berlin, at 11 o'clock this morning to the headquarters in Coblenz.

Unconditional resignation of the leaders of the Kapp government was demanded by the Ebert cabinet, which arrived at Stuttgart by special train from Dresden earlier in the day. The National Assembly has been called to meet in Stuttgart tomorrow afternoon.

After announcing that it was in communication with almost all points in Germany, the following official announcement was made by the Ebert government:

"The constitutional government refuses to negotiate, being responsible to the people for the maintenance of the constitution, and negotiations would only occasion distrust and prolong disorders."

Berlin, March 18.-(By the Associated Press.)-The Ebert government is again in control in Berlin. Vice-Chancellor Schiffer, in whose hands the sudden retirement of Dr. Wolffgang Kapp temporarily placed the administrative power, and Gustav Noske, minister of defense, are engaged in bringing about order in the city and restoring activities to their normal basis. The full ministry is expected back in Berlin tomorrow.

The Baltic troops, leaders of the insurgent bands that marched into Berlin Saturday morning, took vengeance on the people who hooted and jeered them in Wilhemstrasse and Unter Den Linden. They were lined up for their departure out of the city, and after withstanding the jeers for a time they opened fire, wounding several. The crowd rushed to take refuge in the Adlon Hotel, where the wounded were treated.

After the troops had passed Brandenburg gate they fired a parting volley with machine guns, wounding a score or more, and the terrified mob again rushed to the hotel, the gates of which were torn down in the ensuing panic.

The assembly will not be dissolved immediately because it must first approve the budget, dispose of further taxation measures and the law decreeing the nationalization of the railways and pass a new election law.

The French charge d'affaires called on Vice-Chancellor Schiffer and Under-Secretary Von Haniel and complimented them and their government upon the happy and rapid solution of the crisis. He expressed the opinion that it would undoubtedly contribute toward strengthening liberal and democratic thought in Germany.

London, March 17.-Chancellor Kapp, head of the government at Berlin, has resigned in favor of President Ebert, says the Berlin