A TABLE, shewing the increase of Population in each State from 1820 to 1830.

In all the States and those

Territories that were then Total increase, 3,078,534 numbered

The governors of Territories are appointed by the President and Senate of the United States.

When the population of a Territory amounts to 35,000 it may then be formed into a State.

CHAP. XXX.

Remarks on the Currency.

The English stranger should understand that when he gets to America, and wants to change his money, he will have to go to a Bullion office, or Brokers office as it is called, (as before stated.) English coin will not pass current in the United States, except copper coin. Gold or Bank of England Bills is the most eligible money to carry over. Then it should also be understood the exchange varies according to circumstances. If a vessel is going to England that wants English money to trade with, the Brokers will give more but if there is no present demand they will fall the price. The least that I ever knew was four dollars and Sixty-two cents for a pound Sterling ; and the most I ever had was four dollars and seventyseven cents. The general rate of exchange when I was there was four dollars and seventy-five cents, that is in other words four dollars and three quarters of a dollar. Always remember every dollar all over the States is counted at a hundred cents, and seventy five is always three fourths of a neat hundred, all the world over.

It will doubtless be of considerable service to the person about to go to America to know American Arithmetic before he goes out. Therefore the following tables are set down as examples for his assistance. I count the United States' Arithmetic the easiest in the world.

By this the reader may see whatever number of cents the sum is or may be reduced to in working, it is only to cut off two figures to the right hand by a comma which gives the cents, and all the remainder to the left hand is dollars. This is a never failing rule, so that the largest sum may be cast in whole numbers by tens, and the answer is given by cutting off two figures to the right, for

there must never be more than two figures in the column for cents.

The Arithmetic is easy to be understood: but the more difficult counting is the exchange; and that the traveller ought to be well acquainted with as well as to work the Arithmetic of the country. Though at first it may appear difficult, it will come easier by attention and a little practice.

Example.

Say 4 dollars and 77 cents is the exchange when the person arrives, I put down

£

C

£

Ans. 95 dollars and 40 cents for every twenty pounds; and so in proportion for a less or greater sum.

I have in reducing the Salaries of the governors to English currency, reckoned it at four dollars and seventyseven cents to a pound. As their salaries in England, look small for statesmen's salaries, I have reckoned the money in English currency, at a high rate, as I consider above an average exchange, so that it should not seen as if I wished to make their salaries look as little as I could: but give the outside value; for during the time I was in the States, I received at that rate but for one single sovereign; the general exchange being 4D 75 cents.

The American government is a cheap government. Some may think the President's salary is high but let such think again, what expence he must necessarily be at, in transacting so much business. His table must cost him something considerable, beside other necessary expences. I have been informed that the Members of Congress when sitting have five dollars a day; and the Members of the State Assembly three dollars a day.

Counting the increase of native population, added to

The reader should understand every State has its own Assembly, men chosen to meet together to advise for the good of that State. The Congress meet to transact business for all the Union.

the number of emigrants yearly arriving from other countries, (see below) how much the population must have increased since the above census. I saw on a Mount Vernon paper for February 15th, 1833, that the calculation of number of emigrants to the United States the last season was two hundred thousand.

was

On the same paper an estimate of Capital laid out in 755 Mills, or Manufactories in the year 1831, 40,616,984 dollars, in which 60,000 persons were employed, on whose wages it was supposed 120,000 lived.

On the same publication was the following curious, riddle-like notice, from a Manufacturer, or other creditor, under the head

Milling.

The subscriber hath on hand, a quantity of Bits of paper with some writing, and a few figures thereon commonly called

Notes and Accounts.

But

Which said Bits are now held subject to exchange (without toll) for any kind of Merchantable grain, or other good trade,* or cash according to contract. if not exchanged by the first of March next, will after that period, be all sent to the FLINT MILL without discrimination.

All those whose names may be attached to any of the aforesaid Bits of paper, and who are anxious to eat their Bread toll-free, unless desirious of a ride through the tail race, would do well to present their Grists for exchange, or at any rate come in and shut down the Headgate without delay. John Sherman.

Whoever thinks the Americans dull, stupid, and without wit are much mistaken: but I would that I could say they had all abolished slavery, especially, as in so great measure it is the land of liberty. In New York an anti-slavery soctiety was established to endeavour the total abolition: but still the southern States continue (not bringing any from Africa) but in holding most of those they have.

* Trade is barter.

†They had been sending some to Liberia in Africa: but it was said to be the overplus that they did not want.

On a Norfolk paper (virginia) for Feb. 11th. 1833 was the advertisement of the elopement of a Female Negro. After describing her person, and dress, her master, (or the tyrant) says,

"I think it probable she is lurking in the Neighbour- · hood of Norfolk, as she has relations in that place, and a husband at Mr. Nathaniel Tatem's in Norfolk county. I will give a reward of five dollars for her apprehension in, or ten if taken out of the County. Edmund Brooke."

Must not the curse of God rest on such, if it be true, Cursed is he that parteth man and wife?-What God hath joined together let not man put asunder.

I could relate much respecting this abomination, in America, but for swelling my book too large but let the following suffice for the present. Mrs. Shaw, wife of a respectable shop-keeper in Danville, being one day at our house, related one of those tragical facts so often connected with slavery, which she had from an eye witness.

A gentleman of her acquaintance, one day being in the South took dinner with a Slave holder; a Negro girl waited at table, and in removing one of the dishes, spilled a little of the gravy, on her mistress's gown. Her master with his knife immediately cut her throat! On the visitor's manifesting much excitement as may be supposed, the other replied, "Have not I a right to do what I will with my builocks and horses ? She is as much my property as my bullock or horse."

What a pity that such a fair and beautiful country should have such disgraceful, horrid and black spot on it. When I have upbraided some of them, what has been their retortive answer ?" The English brought them here, and now we do not know what to do with them."

Had not the English planted them there probably none would have been there to this day and it is only some of the States now that are what is called Slave States. How much the English will have to account for on account of enslaving mankind will more fully appear another day.

In England, as in America, there are numbers of the inhabitants who utterly abhor the shameful practice but some of the governing men in both countries, will make many shifts and excuses for filthy gain. "The tender