and eighty thousand tons of shipping, which is the aggregate of his calculations, it could not be capable of employing a tenth part of that amount. Indeed we cannot perceive what channel of trade would easily support the expense of even that quantity of tonnage. All the voyages which this trade can include may be completed in four months on an average, so that each vessel will perform three voyages annually. Taking this circumstance into view, there would arrive in the course of a year, in all the ports of the Mediterranean where the coasting trade is carried on, fifty-four thousand tons of shipping, even after deducting from Mr. Jackson's estimate nine-tenths of the amount of his calculation. This quantity of shipping will appear more than sufficient for all possible purposes of the trade, if it be observed, that commerce is not generally extensive in Algiers, Tunis, the Morea, or Sardinia-is attended with numerous obstructions throughout the Mediterranean-and in many places with some degree of dan ger. Most of the nations engaged in the traffick are thieves and rogues, according to our author's own account, consisting of Jews, who are numerous in all the Bar bary states; the Greeks, who compose a considerable part of the population of the northern shores of the Mediterranean;' and the Armenians,' who enjoy the great est part of Turkey in Asia, Arabia, Persia, and the major part of the caravan trade.' These nations pay no respect to their engagements, will plunder you when they have an opportunity, and murder you for safety or revenge, We think the authour has been led to his conclusions rather from his wishes, than his calculations; and we are Vol. IV. No. 7. Z

compelled to discredit such posi tive assertions, as either are not en forced by particular arguments, or carry every symptom of improbability upon the face of them.

But while we pass over his ideas of a general nature, as nugatory and inconsistent, we are willing to pay more respect to his minuteness of detail, which appears to contain information in its nature practical and advantageous. The trade of the Barbary powers, according to our authour, has of late been much encouraged, especially in Tunis; and the articles of corn, oil, soap, and wool, are those which princi pally employ the attention of the Tunisians. Oil is an article, which is most to be preferred at Susa, because it is of a better quality there, than at any other port in Tunis, and a vessel can be more readily loaded. The season for making the oil is from November until January; it is shipped by contract with the Kyas, who are honourable in their dealings. It is sent to France either in jars or casks, and some of it finds its way to England under the name of Gallipoli. They can load a ship at Susa of three hundred tons burthen in a week.

The article of soap fluctuates in price from eighteen to twenty-five piastres per quintal. Great quantities are shipped from Minorca, Majorca, the coast of Spain, and part of Italy.' Mr. Jackson supposes the hard Barbary soap would answer well for the North Amer ican market. In enforcing the argument of benefit from an attention to a trade in soap, he observes, that this article alone is one of the most profitable branches of the American trade,''it is taken chiefly to the southern states, and then sent over all the West-India islands. This is not absolutely an

erroneous assertion... Soap indeed is not very frequently imported from the Mediterranean to this part of the country as formerly, but the southern states still continue to import. The quantity of American manufactured soap,how ever, has lessened the price as well as the demand of that from abroad, and the cost of foreign soap has, latterly, increased; so that Mr. Jackson's propositions must be taken with allowances.

Wool is shipped in abundancè from Barbary to France, and is considered a most beneficial branch of the French commerce. The French however, it must be observed, have been lately in the habit of raising their own wool, which has contributed not a little to diminish this trade.

From Barbary our authour conducts us to Sardinia, an island of which, although the name is very familiar, very little is known. He enlarges on the advantages of a commerce that might be carried on there; but we cannot discover any traits of character in the inhabitants, which would be likely to favour it. He confesses the people to be in a most degraded state of society. The men dress in goat-skins with the hair outwards, one skin before and the other behind, having neither breeches, shoes, nor stockings. They wear a woollen or skin cap upon the head, and never shave the beard nor comb the hair. The women dress in a gown, which reaches to the ancles,' and like the men have neither shoes nor stock ings, and they wear a woollen cap.' The Sardinians are mere savages, who prey upon travellers; but, though thieves and murderers by profession, they are attached to their king and country, In the

towns there is less brutality of manners, but there exists an almost equal degree of ignorance. Sardinia exports grain, salt, goatskins, brandy, and barilla, and employs much capital in the tunnyfishery. Calari, in Mr. Jackson's opinion, is one of the best places in the Mediterranean to load with salt. It costs' sixpence the Engish hundred, free on board,' and any number of ships may always be sure of getting cargoes.'

(

Under the head of Sicily our authour gives some important directions respecting the purchase of barilla and brimstone, and on the economy of loading a ship for a foreign voyage.' His principle is, the higher the centre of gravity is raised, the easier the ship will be in all her motions at sea,' which we suppose is sufficiently apparent to all our navigators. He also enumerates many articles of advantageous traffick; but the trade of Sicily and Naples is so well understood by American merchants, that it would be needless to follow him particularly. The exports of barilla, and vegetable oil for manufactories, to the French, Spanish, Portuguese, and other northern ports, as well as England; and of sulphur, with which Sicily supplies England and a great part of the rest of the world, make the principal part of the trade of this island.

The English trade of the Mores and Archipelago is under the direction of the Levant Company, and precludes all prospect of individual success. This trade, together with that of the Black Sea, deserves the attention of the Amer ican merchant. They export vast quantities of cotton, fustick, beef and other salted provisions,olive oil, and valonia. These articles are

carried to the western ports, and the manufactories of France and Spain.

Throughout his details, it is evident, the authour is a man acquainted with the subject of his inves tigation. In his tables of coins, weights and measures, and his account of the customs and qualities of goods, he may be thought by some to descend to a tedious and unnecessary particularity. But it should be considered, that, in this very minuteness, the most valuable commercial information is to be sought and we think, if his accuracy bears any proportion to his enumeration of facts, that Mr. Jackson's book will be found exceedingly useful for mercantile reference. There is also much miscellaneous information to be collected from various parts of this work. We quote the following account of the method of packing provisions in the hottest season, as an example of his style and intelligence:

we

At Tunis we had a great many ships to victual, in the hottest season; had not only to provide for their daily expenditure, but also to lay in a large sea stock, which if not effectually cured in a very few hours, the whole would be inevitably lost. We killed upwards of forty bullocks in the hottest season, and, by observing the following method, never spoiled one ounce of meat.

with about three quarts of very fine salt: this mixture is sufficient for eight hun dred weight of beef. As the pieces are brought from the person cutting up, first sprinkle the pieces with the spice, and introduce a little into all the thick est parts; if it cannot be done other wise, make a small incision with a salt and spice well into the meat, should knife. The first salter, after rubbing take and mould the piece, the same as washing a shirt upon a board; this may be very easily done, and the meat being lately killed, is soft and pliable; this which will make it imbibe the salt and moulding opens the grain of the meat, spice much quicker than the common method of salting. The first salter hands his piece over to the second salter, who moulds and rubs the salt occasion, introduces the spice; when well into the meat, and if he observes the second salter has finished his piece, he folds it up as close as possible, and hands it to the packer at the harness tubs, who must be stationed near him: the packer must be careful to pack his harness tubs as close as possible.

All the work must be carried on in the shade, but where there is a strong current of air, the harness tubs in particular; this being a very material point in curing the meat in a hot climate. Meat may be cured in this man. thermometer in the shade is at 110, ner with the greatest safety, when the the extreme heat assisting the curing."

hundred weight, may be killed and saltA good sized bullock of six or seven ed within the hour.

spice near the first salter has the greatThe person who attends with the est trust imposed upon him; besides the spice, he should be well satisfied fore he permits the first salter to hand that the piece is sufficiently salted, bethe piece over to the second salter.

Take half a pound of black pepper, half a pound of red or Cayenne pepper, half a pound of the best saltpetre, all beat or ground very fine; mix these three well together, then mix them

bards. Even amid his holy contemplations near

Siloa's brook, that flow'd Fast by the oracle of God,

his thoughts frequently wandered without impiety to the Ilyssus and the Mincio.

A great critick has said, Plutarch was the last of the ancient books, he would lose but the claim of Horace to that honour would be supported on his own criterion of excellence, delectando pariterque monendo,' by equal numbers and with greater fervour.

In his essay on the writings and genius of Pope, Jo. Warton, a gentleman and a scholar, says, Horace is the most popular authour of all antiquity. The reason is, because he abounds in images, drawn from familiar life, and in remarks, that come home to men's business and bosoms. Hence he is more frequently quoted and alluded, than any poet of antiquity.' Like our own Pope, Horace is preeminently the poet of common sense.

The strongest confirmation of this is the frequent republication of his works. According to Dr. Douglas, famous for his library, and celebrated by Goldsmith, as 'the scourge of impostors, the terrour of quacks,' before the year 1739 four hundred and fifty editions of Horace had appeared; and several of the most valuable have been published since. The first classical work from the press, Cicero's Offices, was probably printed in 1465 at Mentz by the famous Faustus, who has erroneously been thought the inventor of the art. Horace was ushered into publick in 1470.

In our country classical books are, in some demand, yet they have seldom been republished; and we know of only one edition

of an ancient, in the true meaning of the word, issued from the Amer

ican press. It was printed at

Salem, and a favourable character of it may be found in our Anthology, Vol. II. p. 549. We expect indeed, if subscriptions are numerous enough, (and certainly the publick are bound to encourage such rare merit) an edition of Tibullus, by the care of a gentleman of this town, that will reflect honour on the cis-atlantick press.

The work now under review is

from the press of the neighbouring University, and is adopted, as part

of the course of study, in that seminary.

This edition of Horace was undertaken for the use of students at Harvard University. The consideration of the pernicious tendency, in a moral view, which certain obscene exprescellent author might have, induced the governours of the University to procure the publication of this expurgated edition, as a substitute for that, hitherto used, which is entire. An expurgated the notes of Jos. Juventius and others, edition, printed at London 1784, with in which every indecent passage appears to have been carefully suppressed, has been taken for its model. To this it conforms in almost every particular; omitting the same offensive passages, and adopting, in general, the same reading of the text, and the same notes. A few alterations however have

sions and allusions of this otherwise ex

been made in the text, agreeably to the reading of the French edition by Vaed, and some new ones, chiefly from lart; and some notes have been rejectthe edition in usum Delphini, have been added. The punctuation also is on a plan somewhat different from that, generally received; the colon being this departure from the common methaltogether neglected. The reasons for od of pointing were, that the use of the colon is very unsettled and irregular, and that the other three points are suf ficient, it is apprehended, to answer every purpose of correct punctuation.'

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