"Inherent and Acquired Difficulties in the Administration of Punitive Justice," American Political Science Association Proceedings, Vol. IV, p. 22.

"Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction with the Administration of Justice," American Bar Association Reports, Vol. XXIX, p. 395.

THOMAS W. SHELTON, The Spirit of the Courts (John Murphy Company, 1918).

JULIUS HENRY COHEN, Commercial Arbitration and the Law (D. Appleton & Co., 1918). See especially Part I on the relation of commercial arbitration to public policy, and the Appendix on examples of rules and regulations for the practice of commercial arbitration.

Part IV

SOME SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN THE OPERATION OF

GOVERNMENT

CHAPTER I

THE BUDGET AND SOME FINANCIAL PROBLEMS

NATURE AND SCOPE OF FEDERAL EXPENDITURES

THE field of government finance includes three divisions, namely―revenue, expenditure, and debt. Each of these divisions deserves the careful consideration of those interested in government problems, but only one, expenditure, can be discussed in the limited space available. Revenue and debt are usually treated briefly in works on economics and more fully in volumes dealing with public finance. Therefore, to appreciate fully the great problems of government finance it is necessary in connection with the ensuing chapter to consult treatises on economics and public finance.1 Financial problems are, in many respects, the most difficult of all matters involved in the administration of government. A few figures as to the growth of Federal expenditures may help to suggest the immensity of the task which confronts those in charge of government finance.

The growth of expenditures of the Federal government may be illustrated by the amounts spent each tenth year since 1800:

'See especially F. W. Taussig, Principles of Economics (The Macmillan Company, 1912), and C. C. Plehn, Introduction to Public Finance (Fourth Edition), (The Macmillan Company, 1920).