long pointed, ferrated, befet with ftings. Flowers in long catkins. The aculei, or ftings of the nettle, have a small bladder at their bafe full of a burning corrofive liquor. Nettle-tops in the fpring are often boiled and eaten inftead of cab. bage-greens. The ftalks of nettles are fo like in quality to hemp, that in fome parts of Europe and Siberia they have been manufactured into cloth, and paper has been made out of them. The whole plant, particularly the root, is efteemed to be diuretic, and has been recommended in the jaundice and nephritic complaints. It is alfo reckoned aftringent; and of fervice in all kinds of hæmorrhagies, but is at prefent little ufed in practice. The roots boiled will dye yarn of a yellow colour. The larva, or caterpillars of many species of butterflies feed on the green plant; and fheep and oxen will readily eat the dried. The common nettle, though it has a place in the materia medica, is now very little ufed. It has lately been recommended, however, by Zannetini, a phyfician who attended the French army in Italy, as a good fubftitute in fevers for cinchona..

2. URTICA PILULIFERA, Roman nettle, has a ftalk branched, 2 or 3 feet high. Leaves oppofite, oval, ferrated, ftinging. Fruit globofe.

3. URTICA URENS, less stinging nettle, has a ftem a foot high. Leaves roundish, deeply ferrated, oppofite, burning. The ftings are very curious microscopic objects: they confift of an exceedingly fine pointed, tapering, hollow fubftance, with a perforation at the point, and a bag at the bafe. When the fpring is preffed upon, it readily perforates the skin, and at the same time forces up fome of the acrimonious liquor contained in the bag into the wound.

(II.) URTICA MARINA. See ANIMAL FLOWER, $1.

URUBUTINGA. See FALCO, N° 17. URY, or URIE, a river of Aberdeenshire, which rifes in Garrioch, and falls into the Don at Inverury.

US. The oblique cafe of e-Us even us, who are all of us here alive this day. Deut. v.

* USAGE. n. s. [usagé, Fr.] 1. Treatment.Might'ft thou deserve, or they impofe this usage. Shak.-Plead you fair usage. Shak.He hath good usage, and great liberty. Shak.-The bafeft usages. Chapm.-What usage have I met with from this adversary? Still.-Good usage. L'Estr. -Expectation of that usage, which was then a certain confequent of fuch meritorious acts. Fell-And Eurus never fuch hard usage found. Dryd. 2. Cuftom; practice long continued.-Long usage is a law fufficient. Hooker. 4. Manners; behaviour. Obfolete.-In courteous usage, and unstained hue. Spenser.

* USAGER. n. s. [usager, Fr. from usage.] One who has the ufe of any thing in truft for another. ---Whereof he being the fimple usager. Dan. (1.) * USANCE. n. s. [usance, Fr.] 1. Ufe; proper employment.

And these rich heaps of wealth doft hide apart From the world's eye, and from her right uSpenser. 2. Ufury; intereft paid for money.-The rate of usance. Shak.

sance.

(2.) USANCE, n. s. in commerce, is a determin

ed time fixed for the payment of bills of exchange, reckoned either from the day of the bills being accepted, or from the day of their date; and thus called because regulated by the usage and cuftom of the places whereon they are drawn. USBECK TARTARS. See TARTARS, N° 7. USBECK TARTARY. See TARTARY, N° IV. (1.) * USE. n. s. [usus, Latin.] 1. The act of employing any thing to any purpose.-The fat may be ufed in any other use. Lev.-Number, the mind makes use of in measuring all things by us meafurable. Locke-Confider what use our author makes of it. Locke.-Things may, and muft, differ in the use. Law. 2. Qualities that make a thing proper for any purpose.-Of excellent use for illness. Temple. 3. Need of; occafion on which a thing can be employed. I have no farther use for life. A. Phil. 4. Advantage received; power of receiving advantage.-The picture has no use for them. Dryden. 5. Convenience; help; ufefulnefs.-Nothing is of more use to the understanding. Locke.-Nothing would be of greater use towards the improvement of knowledge. Swift.-When will my friendship be of use to thee? A. Phil.-And pompous buildings once were things of use. Pope. 6. Ufage; customary act.Having been alfo in use with others. Hocker.-He first brought the word in use. Locke. 7. Practice; habit-Which time and use are wont to teach. Waller. 8. Cuftom; common occurence.-O Cæfar! these things are beyond all use. Shak. 9. Intereft; money paid for the use of money.Obliged to pay duty and tribute, use, and principal. Taylor.-Most of the learned affert the taking of use to be unlawful. South.

(2.) USE, in law, is the profit or benefit of lands and tenements; or a truft and confidence repofed in a perfon for the holding of lands, &c. that he to whose ufe thetruft is made fhall receive the profits.

(1.) To USE. v. a. [user, Fr. usus, Latin.] 1. To employ to any purpose. You're welcome, rev'rend Sir, into our kingdom; use us and it. Shak.-They could use both the right hand and the left. 1. Chron.-To use my wits. Chapm.-Two trumpets of filver, that thou mayeft use for the calling of the affembly. Num.-He was unhappily too much used as a check upon the Lord Ccventry, Clar-Understood in a quite different fenfe than what our author uses them in. Locke.Using all his endeavours to introduce popery. Swift. 2. To accuftom; habituate.-Muft use himiclf to hunger, heat and cold. Rosc.-They use themfelves only to speak extempore. Locke. I've hitherto been used to think. Addis.--A people long used to hardfhips. Swift. 3. To treat.Why doft thou use me thus? Shak.-He was courteously used of Solyman. Knolles. My Aurengezebe would ne'er have us'd me fo. Dryd. If Virgil or Ovid be thus used. Dryd. Others went about to use him with violence. Kettleworth, I love to use people according to their own fenfe of good-breeding. Tatler. Cato has used many. Addis. Gay is used as the friends of tories are by whigs. Pope. 4. To practife cuftomarily. U hofpitality one to another. 1 Pet. iv. 5. To be have: with the reciprocal pronoun. Out of ufe. Pray forgive me, if I have us'd myself unmanner. ly. Shak. (2.) * TO USE

the gentlemen ushers, daily waiters at court, whofe duty is to bear the rod before the king at the feaft of St George, and other folemnities.

*To USHER. v. a. [from the noun.] To introduce as a forerunner or harbinger; to forerun.No fun fhall ever ufter forth my honours. Shak. The ftars that ufher evening rofe. Milton.-The future combuftion of the earth is to be ushered in and accompanied with violent impreffions upon nature. Burnet.-And with due honours usher in the May. Dryden.-The examiner was ushered into the world by a letter. Addif-Still breath'd in fighs, ftill ufher'd with a tear. Pope.

USIPITES, or an ancient nation of Germany. USIPPII, Sce GERMANY, II.

(1.) USK, a well-built town of England, in Monmouthshire, with a market on Monday, on the Ufk, 12 miles SW. by S. of London. Lon. 2. 56. W. Lat. 51. 41. N.

(2.) Usk, a river of S. Wales, which rifes on the W. fide of Brecknockshire, paffes Brecon, runs through Monmouthfire, and falls into the Bristol Channel below Newport.

(1.)* USQUEBAUGH. n. s. (An Irish and Erfe word, which fignifies the water of life.] It is a compounded diftilled fpirit, being drawn on aromaticks; and the Irish fort is particularly diftinguished for its pleasant and mild flavour. Highland fort is fomewhat hotter; and, by corruption, in Scottish they call it whisky.

The

(2.) USQUEBAUGH is a peculiar compounded fiquor, chiefly taken by way of dram. There are feveral different methods of making this liquor; but the following is efteemed one of the beft: To two gallons of brandy, or other fpirits, put a pound of Spanish liquorice, half a pound of dried raifins, 4 02. of currants, and 3 of iced dates, the tops of baum, mint, favory, thyme, and the tops of the flowers of rofemary, of each 2 oz.; cinnamon and mace, well bruifed, nutmegs, anifeeds, and cori ́ander feeds, bruised likewife, of each 4 oz.; citron or lemon, and orange-peel, fcraped, of each an ounce: let all thefe infufe 48 hours in a warm place, often shaking them together; then let them ftand in a cool place for a week; after which the clear liquor is to be decanted off, and to it is to be put an equal quantity of white port, and a gallon of canary; after which it is to be fweetened with a fufficient quantity of refined sugar.

USTIUZNÁ, a town of Ruffia, in Novogorodfkoe, 144 miles E. of Novogorod.

*USTORIOUS. adj. [uftum, Lat.] Having the quality of burning.-The power of a burning glas is by an uforious quality in the mirror or glass. Watts.

* USUAL. adj. [ufuel, Fr.] Common; frequent; cuftomary; frequently occuring.-A thing very ufual and frequent. Hooker.-Some ufual evil for my punishment. Dryd.-His ufual fare. Harte. * USUALLY. adv. [from ufual.] Commonly; frequently; cuftomarily.-Men's defires are ufually as large as their abilities. South-Where men err against this method, it is usually on purpose. Swift.

*USUALNESS. n. s. [from usual.] Common. nefs; frequency.

* USUCAPTION. n. s. [ufus and capio, Latin.] In the civil law, the acquifition of the property of a thing, by poffeffion and enjoyment thereof for a certain term of years prescribed by law. Dia.

(1.) * USUFRUCT. n. s. [usufruit, Fr. usus and fructus, Lat.] The temporary ufe; enjoyment of the profits, without power to alienate. The perfons receiving the fame have only the usufruct thereof, and not any fee or inheritance therein. Ayliffe.

(2.) USUFRUCT, in the civil law, is the use or enjoyment of any lands or tenements; or the right of receiving the fruits and profits of an inheritance, or other thing.

* USUFRUCTUARY. n. s. \usufructuaire, Fr. usufructuarius, Latin.] One that has the ufe and temporary profit, not the property of a thing.The parfons of parifhes are not in law accounted proprietors, but only usufructuaries, as having no right of fee fimple vefted in them. Ayliffe.

USUM CASSAN. See PERSIA, § 19.

*To USURE. v. n. (usura, Latin,] To practife ufury; to take intereft for money. The usuring fenate. Shak.

USTANIO, a town, of Italy, in the dep. of Upper Po, late Cremonefe, on the Oglio; 12 miles NE. of Cremona. Lon. 10. 8. E. Lat. 45. 17. N.

(1.) USTION. n. s. [uftion, Fr. uftus, Lat.] The act of burning; the state of being burned. (2.) USTION, in pharmacy, is the preparing of certain fubftances by burning them.

USTIUG, a town of Ruffia, capital of Uftiugkoe, feated on the Dwina, at the conflux of the Sukona and the Jug. It is an archbishop's fee, and is 200 miles NNW. of Viatka, 464 E. of Peterburg, and 464 NE. of Moscow.

USTIUGSKOE, a province of Ruffia, the largest in the government of Vologda; 400 miles long,

and

broad.

(2.) An USURER is a person who takes exorbi tant intereft for money.

(1.)* USURIOUS. adj. [asuaire, Fr. from usury] Exorbitantly greedy of profit.-Usurious god of love. Donne.

(2.) An USURIOUS CONTRACT is any bargain or contract whereby a man is obliged to pay more intereft for money than the ftatute allows.

*To USURP. v. a. [usurper, Er. usurpe, Lat.] To poffefs by force or intrufion; to feize or pof. fefs without right.-So ugly a darkness usurped the day's right. Sidney.-Their power must be usurped. Hooker.-Left human inventions usurp the room of divine worship. Hooker.-Which now the houfe of Lancaster usurps. Shak.-What art thou, that usurp'st this time of night? Shak.-A man may find whole pages usurped from one another. Ben Jonson.-Death over him no power fhall long

usurp.

surp. Milt.-Vice hath surpt the place. Denham. —Of what the land usurp'd upon the fea. Dryd. Who next usurps, will a juft prince appear. Dryd. -Usurps her organs, and infpires her foul. Dryd. Who's this, that dares usurp

The guards and habit of Numidia's prince? Add. UŠURPATION. n. s. usurpation, Fr. from arur. Forcible, unjust, illegal feizure or poffef. fion. Finding his usurpation moft unjuft. ShakUnjuft usurpations. K. Charles.-Usurpations on the prerogative of Neptune. Dryd.-Nay, to become a part of usurpation. Dryden.-The usurpations of king James. Swift.

USURPER. n. s. [from usurp.] One who feizes or poffeffes that to which he has no right. It is generally used of one who excludes the right heir from the throne.-To fubdue or expel an usurper. Spenser. And that your majefty was an usurper. Shak-But this usurper, his encroachment proud. Milton.

Few usurpers to the shades descend By a dry death, or with a quiet end. Dryden. He griev'd, the land he freed should be opprefs'd,

And he lefs for it than usurpers do. Dryden. * USURPINGLY. adv. [from usurp.] Without jalt claim.—Which sways usurpingly thefe feveral titles. Shak.

(1.) * USURY. n. s. [usuré, Fr. usura, Latin.] 1. Money paid for the use of money; intereft. And what I cannot quit, requite with usury. Spens. -Pay to her usury of long delight. Spens. Our angles are like money put to usury. Walton.-What he borrows from the ancients, he repays with usury of his own. Dryden. 2. The practice of taking intereft. It is commonly ufed with fome reproach. -Usury bringeth the treasure of a realm into few hands. Bacon.

(2.) USURY, an unlawful contract upon the loan of money, to receive the fame again with exorbitant increase. Under the article INTEREST it was obferved, that by statute 37 Hen. VIII. c. 9. the rate of intereft was fixed at 1ol. per cent. per annum; which the ftatute 13 Eliz. c. 8. confirms, and ordains, that all brokers fhall be guilty of a pramunire that tranfact any contracts for more; and the fecurities themselves fhall be void. The ftatute 21 Jac. I. c. 17. reduced the intereft to 8!. per cent.; and it having been lowered in 1650, during the ufurpation, to 6 per cent. the fame reduction was re-enacted after the restoration by ftatute 12 Car. II. c. 13. and lastly, the statute 12 Annz, ft. 2. c. 16. has reduced it to 5 per cent. Wherefore not only all contracts for taking more are in themselves totally void, but also the lender fhall forfeit the money borrowed. Alfo if any fcrivener or broker takes more than 5s. per cent. procuration-money, or more than 12d. for making a bond, be fhall forfeit 20l. with costs, and shall fuffer imprisonment for half a year.

UTENHOVIUS, Charles, a native of Ghent, who was an eminent and learned critic in the dead languages. He published Poems in Greek and Latin, on various fubjects; and died at Cologn in 1600.

* UTENSIL. n. 3. (utenfile, Fr. utenfile, low Lat.] An inftrument for any ufe, fuch as the vefof the kitchen, or tools of a trade. He has

brave utenfils. Shak.-And waggons fraught with utenfils of war. Milt.-Plate, veftments, and other facred utenfils. South.-Such zeal he had for that vile utenfil. Garth.

(1.)* UTERINE. adj. [uterin, Fr. uterinus, Lat.] Belonging to the womb.-The uterine parte exceed in heat. Brown-The neceffary extenfion of the uterine fubftance. Ray.

(2.) UTERINE BROTHER, a brother by the mother only.

UTER PENDRAGON, a king of the S. Britons, who reigned in Wales after the Saxon invafion. (1.) UTERUS. n. s. [Lat.] The womb. (2.) UTERUS, in anatomy. See ANATOMY, Ind. UTICA, in ancient geography, a town of Africa Propria, on the Mediterranean; a Tyrian colony, and older than Carthage, (Sil. Italicus); its name, according to Bochart, denoting old; reckoned fecond to it; but after the deftruction of Carthage, it became the capital and centre of all the Roman tranfactions in Africa, according to Strabo; who adds, that it ftood on the fame bay with Carthage, at one of the promontories called Apollonium, bounding the bay on the W. fide, the other to the E. called Hermeia, being at Carthage. It became famous by the fuicide of Cato, thence called Uticenfis.

* UTILITY. n. s. [utilité, Fr. utilitas, Latin.] Ufefulness; profit; convenience; advantageouf nefs: applied to things only: as, this book is of great utility; not, this book was written for the utility of fchools.-Thofe things help by their utility, but trouble by their inconformity. Bacon.-The utility of phyfick. Brown.-A thing which might prove of common utility. Temple.

*UTIS. n. s. A word which probably is corrupted, at leaft is not now underfood. Utis was the octave of a faint's day, and may perhaps be taken for any feftivity. Then here will be old utis: it will be an excellent ftratagem. Shak.

(1.) * UTMOST. adj. [utmaft, Saxon; from utter.] 1. Extreme; placed at the extremity.If ought do touch the utmost thread of it. Davies.

-As from the center thrice to th' utmost pole. Milt. To view the utmost limits of the land. Dryd. 2. Being in the highest degree.-His utmost peril. Shak.

(2.) * UTMOST. n. s. The moft that can be; the greatest power; the highest degree; the greatest effort.

Though he perform

To the utmost of a man.

Shak.

I will be free-Even to the utmost. Shak.— Such a confcience as has employed the utmost of its ability. South.-Try your fortune.-I have to the utmoft. Dryd.-Done his utmost to inform himfelf in all particulars. Locke.-Let us perform our utmost. Addifon.

UTOXETER, a large town of England, in Staffordshire, feated on an eminence near the Dove, among fine paftures. Its market is on Wednesday, and is the greatest in the county for corn, butter, cheefe, hogs, fheep, and black cattle. It is 13 miles NE. of Stafford, and 136 NW. of London. Lon. 1. 50. W. Lat. 53. 10. N.

(1.) UTRECHT, one of the ci-devant feven United Provinces, or States of Holland, wholly furrounded by Holland and Guelderland, excepting E 2 a fmall