Trial by jury. ARTICLE VII. TRIAL BY JURY. SECTION 1. Right of trial by jury in civil actions. SECTION 1. In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved; and no fact, tried by jury, shall be otherwise reëxamined in any Court of the United States than according to the rules of common law.-[Id. ARTICLE VIII. BAILS FINES-PUNISHMENTS. Bails, fines, punishments. SECTION 1. Not to be excessive. SECTION 1. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.—[Id. Certain rights not denied to ARTICLE IX. CERTAIN RIGHTS NOT DENIED TO THE PEOPLE. SECTION 1. Rights of people not disparaged by Constitution. SECTION 1. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained the people. by the people.—[Id. States rights. ARTICLE X. STATES RIGHTS. SECTION 1. Certain powers reserved to the States or to the people. SECTION 1. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States, respectively, or to the people.-[Id. SECTION 1. The judicial power of the United States shall not Judicial be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced powers. or prosecuted against one of the United States by the citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. -[Proposed March 5, 1794; ratified January 8, 1798. ARTICLE XII. ELECTION OF PRESIDENT AND VICE-PRESIDENT. SECTION 1. Manner of election, etc. President SECTION 1. The Electors shall meet in their respective States, Election of and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, and Viceat least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with them- President. selves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as VicePresident; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which list they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted. The person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be the President, if such a number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such a majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.-[Proposed December 12, 1803; ratified September 25, 1804. ARTICLE XIII. SLAVERY. Slavery prohibited. Enforce SECTION 1. Slavery prohibited. 2. Enforcement of this article by Congress. SECTION 1. Neither slavery or involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. SEC. 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by ment of this appropriate legislation.-[Declared ratified December 18, 1865. (U. S. Statutes at Large, Vol. 13, p. 775.) article by Congress. Who are citizensrights of. Apportionment of representa the several States. ARTICLE XIV. CITIZENSHIP, REPRESENTATION, AND PAYMENT OF PUBLIC DEBT. SECTION 1. Who are citizens-rights of. 2. Apportionment of representation among the several States. 3. Certain persons disqualified from holding office; removal of disability; how effected. 4. Payment of public debt not to be questioned; debts incurred in aid of rebellion not to be assumed. 5. Power of Congress to enforce this article. SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. SEC. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States, according to their respective numbers, counting the tion among whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of Electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. ་ persons ing office, SEC. 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Con- Certain gress, or Elector of President and Vice-President, or hold any office, disqualified civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, from holdhaving previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as etc. an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may, by a vote of two thirds of each house, remove such disability. public debt debts SEC. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, Payment of authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pen- not to be sions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or questioned; rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States incurred or any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or not to be any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such assumed. debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. rebellion Congress to SEC. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appro- Power of priate legislation, the provisions of this article.-[Declared ratified enforce this July 28, 1868. (U. S. Statutes at Large, Vol. 15, pp. 709-11.) article. ARTICLE XV. ELECTIVE FRANCHISE. SECTION 1. Right of all citizens to vote. 2. Power of Congress to enforce this article. SECTION 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote Rights of all shall not be denied or abridged by the United States, or by any citizens State, on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Congress to SEC. 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article Power of by appropriate legislation. [U. S. Statutes at Large, Vol. 15, p. enforce this 346. article. CLASSIFICATION OF COUNTIES AND SALARIES OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. Abstract of the provisions of "An Act to establish a uniform system of county and township governments," so far as they apply to County Superintendents of Schools. Population in each class includes the lower figure and excludes the higher. Salaries, as fixed by statutes of 1887 and 1889, take effect January, 1891. Sec. 162. First class. Sec. 162. Second class. Population, 100,000 and over (San Francisco). Population, 50,000 to 100,000 (Alameda). Salary, $2,400. Statute of 1885. Salary, $4,500. Office to be kept open as other county offices. Statute of 1889. Sec. 162. Third class. Sec. 162. Sec. 166. ing expenses Fourth class. Sec. 162. Fifth class. Sec. 162. Sixth class. Seventh class. Sec. 170. Eighth class. Population, 35,000 to 50,000 (Santa Clara). Population, 34,000 to 35,000 (Sacramento). Salary, $1,800. Statute of 1885. And travel$300. Statute of 1889. Population, 30,000 to 34,000 (Los Angeles). Population, 25,000 to 30,000 (Sonoma). Population, 21,000 to 25,000 (San Joaquin). Population, 20,000 to 21,000 (Nevada). Salary, $2,000; if in other business, $1,000. Statute of 1885. Salary, $2,000; if in other business, $600. Statute of 1889. Sec. 162. Ninth class. Sec. 171. Ninth class. Sec. 162. Tenth class. Sec. 172. Tenth class. Sec. 162. Eleventh class. Sec. 173. Eleventh class. $2,000. Statute of 1889. Population, 18,500 to 20,000 (Butte). Population, 16,000 to 18,500 (Solano). Population, 15,000 to 16,000 (Humboldt). |