rately visited the wards, where cases of interest were brought under its notice by the physician who accompanied the section. At twelve o'clock, the sections reassembled in the committee-room, where an excellent luncheon, provided by the establishment, awaited them. At one o'clock, the class proceeded to an apartment of the Governor, which he kindly lent for the occasion, to hear Dr Conolly lecture. The series consisted of eight lectures, which embraced the following subjects:-1. An exposition of the principles, advantages, and practice of the non-restraint treatment; 2. Mania, both in its recent and chronic forms; 3. Melancholia; 4. Insanity combined with epilepsy; 5. Puerperal insanity; 6. Insanity combined with paralysis, including that form of paralysis which was first described by MM. Bayle and Calmeil at Charenton, Paris, and which has only been found combined with insanity; 7. General observations on mental derangement; 8. On the construction of lunatic asylums, in relation to the cure and safe custody of patients; and, 9. On the management of asylums for the cure of lunacy, as distinguished from those for the refuge of incurables.

The object of these lectures was not to give a complete exposition of the vast subject of mental maladies, but simply to impart such clinical instruction on the more common forms of mental derangement, as is calculated to give medical men some practical knowledge of that class of human ills. Dr C. stated that he had left out nearly all points requiring lengthened discussion. He had said very little upon the morbid anatomy, because experience had satisfied him that he was less capable of connecting any particular form of insanity with any particular lesion than he had fancied when he had not seen much practice, but had derived most of his knowledge from reading.

A lucid arrangement of the subject, a precision, terseness, and elegance of language, combined with great acuteness of observation and profundity of thought, characterised the lectures. The active benevolence which is so judiciously directed for the cure of the patients, and the unwearied attention to the comforts of the incurable, made a strong impression on the class; as did also the fact, that authority is, unfortunately, so subdivided in the management of the asylum, that the orders of the non-medical staff are able to, and too frequently do, neutralize the remedial measures of the physician. The class were deeply impressed with the value of the non-restraint treatment of the insane, to which they gave expression in an address which they presented to Dr Conolly at the close of the last lecture, and which the Doctor received and acknowledged in an appropriate manner.-RD. C.

Dr Davey's Appointment in Ceylon.--The authorities of Ceylon being about to establish in that island an asylum for lunatics, applied to the Government for a medical superintendent, and expressed a great desire for one from Hanwell. Dr Davey, an assistant physician of the Hanwell Asylum, and a zealous phrenologist, has received the appointment, and, with Mrs Davey and family, sailed for his destination in July.-RD. C.

Bethlem Hospital.-We have just learned, accidentally, that it was resolved unanimously at the last meeting of the committee, in addition to the numerous extensions and improvements that have taken place, and are still going on, within the walls of this noble institution, to increase the salaries of the physicians by the sum of L.50 per annum; and farther, to add the amount of four pupils' fees to the whole, the tickets being placed at the disposal of the Governors and medical officers of St Thomas' and Bartholomew's Hospitals, to be awarded as prizes to the

4

two most deserving pupils in each school respectively. The committee of Bethlem Hospital are said to have it especially in view, by this wise and worthy liberality, to extend a knowledge of the pathology and treatment of insanity; and thus to make the establishment over which they preside a means of benefit to the public at large, as well as of advantage to the individuals who receive medical assistance, and now, in the majority of instances, recovered health within its walls. This is a truly noble spirit, and reflects the highest honour on the president, treasurer, and committee of Bethlem Hospital.-Medical Gazette, July

12. 1844.

Society for improving the Condition of the Insane.-(President, The Right Hon. the Earl of Shaftesbury.) The Premiums offered by the Society for the ensuing year are:-1. To the Author of the best Essay upon the Pathology and Treatment of Puerperal Insanity, a Prize of Twenty Guineas, if deemed of sufficient merit. 2. To the Author of the next best Essay, a Prize of Ten Guineas. The original copies of both Essays to belong to the Society. 3. To the Male Attendant upon the insane who shall produce the best Testimonials, a reward of Three Guineas. 4. To the Female Attendant upon the insane who shall produce the best Testimonials, a reward of Three Guineas. 5. To the Male Attendant upon the insane who shall produce the next best Testimonials, a reward of Two Guineas. 6. To the Female Attendant upon the insane who shall produce the next best Testimonials, a reward of Two Guineas. The rewards to Attendants are limited to those in the metropolis and surrounding counties of Surrey, Kent, Essex, Hertfordshire, and Buckinghamshire. The Essays to be sent sealed, with a motto, and accompanying letter containing the author's name and address. The Essays and Testimonials to be addressed to Thomas Coutts Morison, Esq., Hon. Sec. to the Society, 26 Cavendish Square, London, on or before the 1st day of February 1845. The Premium of Twenty Guineas offered last year by the Society for the best Essay upon the "Distinction between Crime and Insanity," was awarded to Mr Morison, of King's College, London; as was also the Premium of Ten Guineas offered for the best Tabular Form of keeping Cases of Mental Diseases.

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The Flatheads of North America.-Professor Horner of Philadelphia, in his Special Anatomy and Histology, 6th edition, i. 130 (Philad. 1843), mentions that, among the Indians at the Cascades, and the Tschenouks at Fort Vancouver, on the Columbia River, he saw several babes who were undergoing the barbarous process of flattening the head. He describes the process, and says that the deformity disappears partly as they grow old. "The Cascade Indians and Tschenouks," he adds, are remarkable for their ingenuity in constructing convenient and beautiful canoes, nets, and wooden utensils; they are in nowise considered inferior to their round-head neighbours. Their constant intercourse with the whites has rendered them more vicious, poor, and indolent; they are much addicted to lying, stealing, and immorality." Professor Horner thus confirms the statement of Mr Tolmie (ante, xv. 233) as to the non-inferiority of the intellectual character of the Tschenouks.

The Athenæum on Phrenology and Mesmerism.-We have often expressed our opinion of the so-called sciences of Phrenology and Mesmerism, and had hoped that both would, ere this, have been consigned to the lumber-room, where most people of common sense have stowed VOL. XVII. N. S. NO. XXVIII.-OCTOBER 1844. 2 D

astrology, alchemy, hobgoblins, and witches; but we find, from the books before us, that we were mistaken, and that these two monstrosities, unable to stand alone, have entered into the bands of matrimony.— Athenæum, June 29. 1844.

Books Received. The Medico-Chirurgical Review, British and Foreign Medical Review, and Zoist, for July 1844.-The Medical Times, weekly.-Zeitschrift für Phrenologie, No. IV., Dec. 1843.-Reports of the Directors of the Montrose and Dundee Lunatic Asylums for 1844.M. Chailly's Practical Treatise on Midwifery, translated and edited by G. S. Bedford, M.D. New York, 1844. 8vo, pp. 530.-The Works of W. E. Channing, D.D. Vol. VI., 3d edition. Glasgow: Hedderwick & Son, 1844. Post 8vo, pp. 453.-Spurzheim's Outlines of Phrenology. New edition. Royal 8vo, pp. 24. Glasgow: J. & G. Goyder, 1844.– Spurzheim's Sketch of the Natural Laws of Man. Royal 8vo, pp. 34. Glasgow: J. & G. Goyder, 1844.-The Harmony between the Scriptures and Phrenology. By Joseph A. Warne, A.M. 18mo, pp. 26. Glasgow: J. & G. Goyder, 1844.-Man, as a Physical, Moral, Religious, and Intellectual Being, considered Phrenologically. By a Member of the Alloa Phrenological Society. 8vo, pp. 16. Glasgow: J. & G. Goyder, 1844. -An Essay on the Superiority of Moral Force over Physical Force, &c., addressed to the People of Ireland. Dublin, 1843. Pp. 16.

Newspapers Received.-Tyne Mercury, June 25.-Leicester Mercury, June 29.-Wolverhampton Chronicle, July 3.-Manchester Guardian, July 10, 31; Aug. 3.-The Economist, July 13.-Nottingham Review, Aug. 9, 23, 30.-Kilmarnock Journal, August 15; Sept. 5.-Manchester Courier, August 17.-Glasgow Constitutional, Sept. 7.-Glasgow Examiner, Sept. 7.-Glasgow Argus, Sept. 5, 19.-Glasgow Citizen, Sept. 7.

To Correspondents.-The following communications have been received:-Continuation of Mr Cull's paper on Language.-Illustrations of the Functions of the Organ of Size, and a short article on the Scope of Education, by Mr Hytche.-Case of Cerebral Disease, by Dr Kilgour of Aberdeen.-Observations by Mr Prideaux on Mr W. R. Lowe's paper on Phreno-Mesmerism in our July No. (Mr Prideaux says that his intention, in the essay criticised by Mr Lowe, was not to represent volition as adequate to explain all the phenomena of Mesmerism, but to demonstrate that there is no sufficient evidence that those phenomena prove the localities of the organs. His paper is so long that we doubt whether the insertion of the whole of it will be possible).-Several short communications have been received, and shall appear in our next Number.

Communications for the Editor (prepaid) may be addressed to Mr ROBERT COX, 25 Rutland Street, Edinburgh. Books or parcels, too heavy for the post, may be left (free of expense) with the London publishers, Messrs Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., Stationers' Hall Court.Articles intended for the next following Number must always be with the Editor six weeks before the day of publication. Communications for the section of “INTELLIGENCE," and also Advertisements, should be in hand at least a fortnight before the same day. Charges for advertising:-Eight lines, 6s.; twelve lines, 7s. 6d. ; every additional line, 6d. ; half a page, 14s.; a whole page, 25s. Advertisements may be sent to the publishers in Edinburgh or London.

EDINBURGH, 1st October 1844.

INDEX

TO THE

PHRENOLOGICAL JOURNAL FOR THE YEAR 1844.

Abdomen, its relations to the brain, Beaumont, J. T. Barber, Philosophical

American Phrenological Journal, 47, Bernini, statue by, 245.