phone call from one Bernard Baruch who wanted to talk person-to-person with one reporter John O'Donnell.

The Baruch call came through promptly. The brisk and lively voice of the youngest elder statesman in the history of the Republic-after all, this adviser to Presidents will be 84 come Thursday-wasted no time about saying that he had read this reporter's piece about favoring the return to private citizens of Germany and Japan of the investments which we seized at the outbreak of World War II and gave a lot more reasons why it should be done, and promptly.

It was sound, calm, reasoned argument, leading up to the conclusion that we are going against long-established international law, basic morality, the traditions of our own country (and in particular those of Baruch's great hero, Gen. Robert E. Lee) if we punish the private citizen of a one-time enemy nation by grabbing his personal investments in our Republic on the grounds that his country was defeated in war.

As a result we suggest that the Eisenhower administration, in these days of befuddlement over the legal and moral issues involved, dust off that famous bench in Lafayette Park across from the White House and invite Elder Baruch to sit down. Baruch could tell the young boys now running the country what he learned when he was called in to advise on this same problem back in World War I. The Alien Property Custodian problem then gave birth to scandals under the Democrats which, in turn, ruined the incoming Republicans under Harding.

History, as oft noted, has a habit of repeating itself. Republicans under Eisenhower, operating the present alien property setup with all its lush pickings of fat-cat jobs which they inherited from the Roosevelt-Truman regime, are now skating on the same thin ice of disgrace and scandal over which the Harding Ohio gang of the twenties cavorted before jail sentences, suicides, and firing of Cabinet members ended the big and easy shakedowns.

AT VERSAILLES, HE SAID "NO"

Said elder statesman Baruch today after he had pondered the highly controversial problem which has split Capitol Hill, the Cabinet, and the White House:

"Back in the days of the Versailles Treaty when Britain and France urged that the private property sequestered of aliens should be seized, I took a definite exception and said 'No.' I took the stand in Paris that under all law, all morality and tradition, all private property of former enemies, and that included ships seized at sea, was inviolate. I would not permit it."

At this point, elder statesman Baruch pointed out that while the pressure was being put on Wilson by our associates in World War I ("remember Wilson never called them Allies-they were associated governments," said Baruch), we held out against the British pressure to seize German private overseas investments, patents, copyrights, etc.

"And at that time, Woodrow Wilson told me," continued the elder statesman, “ 'Barry, you are right. I'll follow your advice.''

PROPERTY GRABBED BY OHIO GANG Later, and this is not from Baruch's conversation, the Woodrow Wilson-Baruch approach was brushed aside and the private property of enemies, technically described as "sequestered," was in fact held in ransom by the former members of the Ohio gang, Attorney General Harry Daugherty in particular, until the foreign owners would pay off the kidnap release money to Cabinet members and appointees of the President of the United States at as was disclosed in criminal trials-a 10 percent and up basis.

But the alert memory of Baruch reaches up to the present situation, sprouting from our seizure of alien property in this Nation after Pearl Harbor.

When we properly seized for the duration of World War II the bank accounts and investments of all enemy aliens, the biggest plums were the multimillion American subsidiaries of I. G. Farben, General Aniline and Film Corp., and General Dye Corp. ·

Now, Baruch recalls, the whole job was dumped by the late President Roosevelt into the hands of Leo T. Crowley, then head of the New Deal Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and chairman of the board of Standard Gas & Electric Co., described by Baruch as "an utterly honest man."

ASKED BARUCH TO TAKE OVER

But, reports Baruch, F. D. R. was worried about the aniline dye situation and the whole I. G. Farben setup. In those days F. D. R. bluntly asked Baruch: "I wish you would take it over-you will run it honestly and competently."

Baruch, who did an extensive job for F. D. R. on the rubber shortage, turned down that added chore. But on this present occasion, he has written a letter to Secretary of State Dulles endorsing his stand before the Senate committee in support of the Dirksen-Jenner-Butler bill which will turn back to private citizens in one-time enemy nations the personal funds which in peace they had once invested in the United States.

These assets are now held by us-assets which to those citizens mean their life insurance and their old-age retirement incomes, money used to buy shares in corporations, the wealth of which was represented by equipment, trademarks, patents, copyrights (on poems, novels, stage and movie plays, etc.) securities, cash, etc.

Until World War I and the Treaty of Versailles, the property of a private citizen was inviolate in war-win, lose, or draw.

Billions Down the Drain

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. WILLIAM LANGER

OF NORTH DAKOTA

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

Thursday, August 19, 1954

Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Appendix of the RECORD an editorial entitled "Billions Down the Drain," which was published in the Paul Bunyan News of San Francisco, Calif., on August 2, 1954.

There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

BILLIONS DOWN THE DRAIN

It seems about time that our slaphappy, giveaway administration comes to its collective senses and realizes that the billions that we have poured into foreign countries have not slowed down the advance of communism in these countries. In fact, in some cases it has been the cause of accelerated Communist sympathies. The moneyed and privileged class has seen fit to squander this largesse and in many cases use it for increased trade with Communist countries.

According to the California Farmer, "We are digging 2,600 deep wells for India, so they can grow more cotton, while they vote with, and support the enemy." "It is not generally known that when England and France abstained from voting in the United Nations, on the Guatemala issue, it was under the most firm pressure from the White House and State Department. Their intention had been to vote against us. We have become internationalists. The harder we work at it, the more isolated we become. If we progress

at this same rate, we will end up fighting the Russians all by our lonesome, broke, and with no friends among the major world powers."

No wonder the American taxpayer hates to pay the large tax that he is forced to pay, when he realizes that our Government is giving a large portion of it to unappreciative countries that would cut our throat at the first opportunity.

How does it happen that this magnanimous beneficence can continue with out a popular vote by the people of the United States? If the matter of extending aid to foreign countries was voted on by the public tomorrow it would go down to ignominious defeat.

We have deluded ourselves for years in believing that if we made these countries strong militarily and economically, it would be a bulwark against communism. What it really amounts to is a richer price for the Communists to capture.

Let us stop playing Santa Claus and pay some attention to our own impoverished Navaho Indians and spend some of these billions on roads and other much needed improvements in this country. And at the same time take some of the huge tax burden of the backs of the long-suffering public.

Sitting Bull: A Great Leader of the Old Sioux Nation

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. KARL E. MUNDT

OF SOUTH DAKOTA

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Thursday, August 19, 1954

Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Appendix of the RECORD a statement prepared by me entitled "Sitting Bull: A Great Leader of the Old Sioux Nation."

There being no objection, the statement was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

SITTING BULL: A GREAT LEADER OF THE OLD SIOUX NATION

The sovereign State of South Dakota is indeed proud to be the last stronghold of the old Sioux Nation-and the native land of Sitting Bull, the medicine man who led the Sioux in their last great moment of triumph climaxed in Custer's Massacre at the Battle of the Little Big Horn.

Even today, visitors enjoying the spectacular scenery of the mountainous Black Hills of South Dakota, and the nearby awe-inspiring Badlands, can hear the throbbing of Indian drums and watch descendants of the

mighty Sioux tribesmen perform their age

old sun dance.

Originally the powerful Sioux Nation controlled the entire Northern Plains-from Wisconsin westward through Minnesota and Iowa to Nebraska, the Dakotas, Montana, and Wyoming.

In those early days a highly developed nation existed in peace and plenty-until the advent of the white man who discovered gold in the mountains and the wealth of golden grain on the prairies.

From that time onward, the desperate Sioux waged brilliant and decisive battles to retain their national boundaries-but little by little they were forced back. Today, their proud empire has been reduced to the Pine Ridge, Cheyenne, Lower Brule, Crow Creek, Rosebud, and Standing Rock Reservations in western South Dakota.

Through those days of swirling battles, sharp skirmishes, midnight raids, and horrible massacres, the Sioux fought bravely un

der the leadership of Sitting Bull-a prominent and respected medicine man.

Born in what is now South Dakota, he quickly attained respect of the warring tribes and his became a voice often heeded around

the chieftain's council fires. Aided by Crazy Horse, Sitting Bull's prowess became a historical fact in 1876 when Gen. George Armstrong Custer blundered into the Battle of the Little Big Horn.

From the high point of this battle-located in southwestern Montana, not far from the Black Hills of South Dakota-the prestige of the Sioux Nation rapidly disin

tegrated under the constantly increasing pressure of the westward movement of civili

zation.

All of these historical and dramatic facts in the life of Sitting Bull, and in the life of his people, are portrayed in a new motion picture entitled "Sitting Bull," which is a W. R. Frank production in color and Cinemascope and is distributed by the United Artists Corp. The world premiere of this film is being held tonight (Aug. 19) in Rapid City in the beautiful Black Hills of South Dakota.

This film, which is having its world premiere tonight in Rapid City, S. Dak., pays tribute to the man himself, and portrays in vivid fashion the life and times of the great Sioux Nation in the days when this most powerful of all Indian tribes ruled America's northern plains.

To bring the life of Sitting Bull to a close, he was murdered by Indian police while resisting capture on the Grand River in northwestern South Dakota. His remains were spirited away, to lay in a neglected grave for years in nearby North Dakota.

This negligence was dramtically reversed last year, when public-spirited citizens of Mobridge, S. Dak., secretly removed those remains to a new grave on the bluffs of the Missouri River, overlooking Mobridge and the sweeping valley of the Missouri-the homeland of Sitting Bull.

And now, travelers driving westward over United States Highway No. 12 can stop near Mobridge and pay tribute to Sitting Bull at his grave, which is surmounted by a majestic statue carved by Korczak Ziolkowski, of Custer, S. Dak.

This film, Sitting Bull, joins with the South Dakota citizens who gave the Indian leader an honored resting place, to bring the talent, exploits, and ability of Sitting Bull to the lasting attention of all Americans.

Truly, the descendants of Sitting Bull and his fighting comrades-those Sioux Indians now living in and near the Black Hills and the Badlands of South Dakota-can be proud that this great Indian leader is now achieving his rightful place in American history.

The Voice of Freedom

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN

OF OHIO

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Thursday, August 19, 1954

known for his untiring efforts in the cause of liberty and justice and it is therefore fitting that this newspaper should devote its lead article in its issue

of July 31 to the cause of which he has been champion for a good many years.

Congressman KERSTEN is not one who is inclined to seek personal publicity for the cause he so well espouses. In my work with him I have observed that he is quick to avoid any publicity which tends to give him personal credit for the magnificent job he is doing. He believes that public attention should be directed to the issues and to the exposure of all the evils which communism has visited upon mankind. Those of us who have worked with Congressman KERSTEN have come to know him as the quiet man from Wisconsin. I know that he will continue to refrain from seeking personal publicity, but I believe that the feature article which appears in the publication, Liberty and Justice, under the title "Mr. KERSTEN, Champion of the Nations Under Soviet Dominaiton," is so accurate and descriptive of his endeavors that fair play demands this article be brought to the attention of the Members of the House and the American people.

that simpletons still exist who grant some credit to her signature. "Undoubtedly, if the Second World War has been waged for spreading liberty all over the world it has been a failure," wrote Robert A. Taft in his book. It was natural, American good faith having been deceived by the Moscow brigands, that a violent commotion should agitate American public opinion. This tragic disillusion has produced anticommunism which is a spontaneous reaction of American public opinion against the Communist danger and not a byproduct of pressure exerted by propaganda of the United States Government.

Mr. KERSTEN, an authentic representative of this current of public opinion, delivered last year in Congress an implacable indictment against the policy practiced by Soviet Russia in Rumania and in the other countries subjected to Communist terror. His statements prove his perfect knowledge of the situation created by the Russian occupation army, which supports the Communist regime imposed by Moscow and which is the real sponsor of the regime. This knowledge of the atrocious conditions which follow the

accelerated setting up of communism, results from a careful study of all the available documentary evidence concerning the enslaved countries, information just as accurate as it is ample.

One might say that Mr. KERSTEN suffers in his conscience the terrible ordeal endured by the nations condemned to serve

as

MR. KERSTEN, CHAMPION OF THE NATIONS UNDER SOVIET DOMINATION

(By Pamfil Seicaru)

In the tragic controversy between two worlds, one which is respectful of human liberty and personality, and the other, the world of communism, which denies any freedom, a conciliatory attitude has become impossible. A policy of appeasement has been proposed and practiced by all formulas for seducing the Soviet regime and thus trying to win it over to peaceful coexistence. Diplomats, specialists in the policy of compromise, have tacitly consented to consider the nations sacrificed at Teheran and Yalta as having forfeited their rights, proclaimed by the American Declaration of Independence in 1776, this being the price for a precarious peace.

Ten years after this sacrifice of 110 million Europeans, exiles may wonder whether this repudiation of the principles for the sake of which war was waged against Hitler and nazism is worthwhile. It has been impossible to conclude even a patched-up peace. Those truths have been proclaimed with authority by Robert A. Taft in his book, A Foreign Policy for Americans. Already in June 1941, Senator Taft pointed out the very dangerous consequences of an alliance with Soviet Russia. Immediately after the beginning of the war between national-socialist Germany and Soviet Russia, in June 25, 1941, Robert A. Taft asked the following questions: "To spread the four liberties all over the world, we are going to send planes, tanks and guns to Communist Russia. If Stalin, thanks to our help, maintains himself in power, do you believe that he will spread the four liberties in Finland, Estonia, Latvia or Lithuania? Do you think that even in Russia proper anyone will ever talk of the four liberties after the end of the war?"

Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, just a few days ago I received a copy of a newspaper, Liberty and Justice, published in Madrid, Spain. The feature article of this newspaper has to do with the Honorable CHARLES J. KERSTEN, Member of Congress from Wisconsin, keeping none of her pledges. who is chairman of the Select Committee on Communist Aggression of which I have the honor of being a member. Congressman KERSTEN has long been

Soviet Russia has signed the Atlantic Charter, the United Nations Charter, in the same way she signed in 1933 the ill-fated agreement on the definition of the aggressor,

A crook will sign without hesitation the most solemn engagement with the firm resolution not to keep it. Likewise Soviet Russia will sign any agreement, after having obtained the highest price for it, happy to find

communism. To be able to revolt against a certain state of affairs one must participate in the sufferings caused by an unjust political and social order. Compassion implies also the Christian feeling of human solidarity just as a refined sensibility. When Mr. KERSTEN proclaimed in 1953 this truth that God is creator of all human beings, and the source of their rights, he was asserting the Christian concept of social order.

Mr. KERSTEN's conception of the state is absolutely contrary to the Marxist thought; he maintains that the mission of a state is to be at the service of man and not to become his master; that the state is not justified to divert the executive power from its task-administration and police and compel it to crush human rights by the application of terror. Mr. KERSTEN condemns implictly all conceptions tending, directly or indirectly, to create the Communist totalitarian state.

Soviet Russia is a past master in the technique of setting up totalitarian regimes. From October 1917 to the present day she is putting into practice a sanguinary conception of the state; arising from the materialist conception of history the Communist regime has annihilated the spiritual value of man. An atheist conception of life could only lead to mass murder. For an American, convinced that right originates from divine, natural and moral law, the conception of the state as executioner is a lasting provocation.

Those who cannot see as well as those who through hypocritical calculations refuse to see the apocalytical threat represented by the Communist idea-under its Marxist form of the materialist conception of history-believe that a policy of coexistence with Soviet Russia is possible. A transaction of merchants establishing a basis compromise and then "wait and see": that is the mentality which formulates British diplomacy, cherishing the hope that time generally takes the edge of revolutionary dynamism. A policy of expediencies, feeling no shame to forget the famous principles of the Atlantic Charter, under the condition that such an abjuration should be a paying one, this is the policy which has contributed to Soviet Russia's expansion, facilitating the triumph of communism.

The option in the present phase of history is between freedom and totalitarianism, between man and robot and it cannot be

solved by diplomatically commercial expediences. Cowardice or the fear to poise the forces that affront each other at a crucial moment of history, have been practiced, just as the illusion that an average solution exists the results of this policy, or rather lack of policy are obvious. The victory of the Communists in China is the result of General Marshall's illusions; he believed that appeasement was a possible solution.

While the Free World continues to live on illusion, Mr. KERSTEN'S campaign can be considered as an apostolate in favor of the reconquest of freedom for the nations now enslaved by Soviet Russia, and of restoring their sovereignity to all the nations that have been condemned to pay the price of the errors committed at Teheran and Yalta.

Faith, assisted by an untiring energy, has determined his political objective, namely to expose the sophisms of the policy to create a so-called peaceful coexistence with Soviet Russia.

After a serious inquest among the refugees from behind the Iron Curtain, carried out together with other Congressmen, Mr. KERSTEN has delivered the following statement to the Spanish paper Ya:

"The number of victims behind the Iron Curtain will never be exactly known because the number of persons who have been murdered is unknown and is probably superior to that obtained from calculations and estimates. Let us not talk of numbers because they are astonishing, amounting to many dozens of millions; but I must record that the massacre of Katyn, for example, was a trifle in comparison with the mass-murder of more than 100,000 prisoners and deportees in 1939, in the concentration camps of the Ukraine.

We know that millions of people die in the Russian and satellite concentration camps for political prisoners, either murdered or as a consequence of the merciless treatment to which they are subjected. Among these camps is the famous camp of ChechenIngush where more than half a million deportees suffer till they die.

Mr. KERSTEN answers thus indirectly the supporters of the policy of peaceful coexistence. He does not feel satisfied with documentary evidence alone for the enlightenment of American public opinion; he also proposes under these circumstances the creation of an international court with the duty to judge the Red leaders as international murderers.

"If we succeed in creating an international criminal court and the free world adopts a realistic policy defining the Red rulers as they are in reality, there will ensue many favorable opportunities for the military forces behind the Iron Curtain, supported by the martyrized enslaved nations, to make the Red rulers appear before this criminal court and answer for their crimes."

Judging this action from our point of view as refugees and knowing the mentality of our nations, we believe this attitude to be the right one which will possibly bring favorable results. However, if the whole world has good reasons to fear war, this does not mean that the price of peace must be the maintainment in bondage of 110 million Europeans.

War can finally be avoided if the resistance of the people behind the Iron Curtain is encouraged and if revolution within the whole European space dominated by Soviet Russia is helped to explode.

Some insurrectional movements took place in Czechoslovakia in June 1953 and a revolt of greater proportions exploded in Eastern Germany and Berlin. A mere start of the slaves was sufficient to cause complete comfusion in Moscow where a general rising was feared.

When 110 million slaves will burst asunder their fetters, when the choice between liberty and death will become the sole possibility,

no military force will be capable of stifling a revolution of such magnitude. Propaganda favoring the policy of coexistence facilitates Russia's task in the 11 occupied countries. If people in these countries were convinced that they would be supported morally and materially by the great democracles, then general insurrection would be inevitable.

Mr. KERSTEN's great merit is to have understood this truth. The courage he showed by proposing the creation of criminal court called upon to judge the Red murderers designates him as a statesman with a clear view of the right road.

Political refugees must begin a permanent campaign of agitation against the maintainment of the status quo in Europe.

The liberation of our countries cannot be expected from a generous gesture made by Malenkov or Molotov, suddenly seduced by Sir Winston Churchill's dialectics or Mr. Attlee's passion for liberty.

By proposing the setting up of an International Criminal Court Mr. KERSTEN prevents a repetition of Pontius Pilate's gesture. This could be the starting point for a mobilization of world public opinion against the self-deception of a possible peaceful coexistence with the hangmen in Moscow.

All the refugees conscious of their duties toward there own countries must group themselves around Mr. KERSTEN.

American Federation of Labor Rejects Coexistence and Asserts Principles of Freedom

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. CHARLES J. KERSTEN

OF WISCONSIN

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1954

Mr.

Mr. KERSTEN of Wisconsin. Speaker, on August 12 at New York City the executive council of the American Federation of Labor issued a statement of principles ringing with Americanism in its truest sense.

The American Federation of Labor rejects coexistence with communism.

The American Federation of Labor rejects the notion that the free world must choose between a policy of coexistence or a policy of waging a preventive war.

I congratulate the executive council of the American Federation of Labor on its penetrating analysis of the main issue of the cold war. I also congratulate the American Federation of Labor for its exposure of slave labor in the U. S. S. R. and its fight for free labor.

Herewith follows the statement of the executive council of the A. F. of L.:

The free world is beset by new and dangerous perils. Its security is gravely endangered by illusions about the role of Soviet communism since the death of Stalin. Anxious for peace and eager to live and let live, the democracies have, in varying degrees, ignored the basic, permanent, threat of the Moscow-Peiping military axis and its worldwide Communist conspiracy. This has led to a serious weakening of their sense of urgency and vigilance. Their will to cooperate and unite for a common cause has been shaken. Their drive to become strong enough to deter and defeat direct and indirect Soviet aggression has been dangerously slackened. Some in the free world (Bevan,

Nehru) even go so far as to oppose every effort by the democracies to promote their collective security and self-preservation on the ground that such efforts are harmful to peace.

Costly concessions have been made to the Communist imperialists on the pretext that they must not be displeased or provoked. These concessions (Indochina) have not alleviated but aggravated world tension and have encouraged the Communists in their conspiracy to subvert all free societies and to foist upon them totalitarian dictatorships. In this situation, the Kremlin and its Junior partner in plunder (Mao Tse-tung) have succeeded in misleading many people to trust the stepped-up Soviet propaganda for so-called coexistence. Given the habit of the democracies to relax their vigilance and reduce their strength the moment they feel that the threat to their freedom and peace has abated, reliance on this Soviet strategy is fatal to the security of the free world.

If Moscow were sincere in its revival of this maneuver, devised by Lenin in 1920 in order to gain time for preparing the final assault on the democracies, it would first of all liquidate its activities aimed against the existence of those with whom it claims to seek coexistence. These fifth column activities, directed by the Kremlin, have but one aim-to subvert, overthrow, and replace the governments with which the U. S. S. R. is supposed to be at peace or even has special treaties of alliance and friendship. These Communist activities are a form of indirect,

but nonetheless informal, Soviet aggresdependence of big as well as small nations

sion-fatal to the freedom and national in

Be

(China 1945, Czechoslovakia, 1948). fore there could ever be coexistence, conducive to the peace and well-being of all mankind, the Soviet dictatorship would have to fulfill certain conditions. Let the U. S. S. R. go back to the borders of 1939 (pre-Stalin-Hitler pact). Let the Kremlin accept U. N.-supervised democratic elections in all areas of tension (Germany, Korea). Let Moscow agree to the actual banning of atomic and hydrogen weapons through effective international inspection and control.

The executive council of the AFL rejects the notion that the free world must choose between coexistence-the policy of successive, of massive appeasement of the Soviet aggressors and a policy of waging a preventive war against the Moscow-Peiping Axis. We sincerely want peace with freedom. We, therefore, reject both of these policies. The policy of "coexistence" can lead only to another world war-under conditions in which the democracies would, morally, materially, and militarily be far less able to resist, let alone defeat, the Communist enemy.

Instead of helping the Communist dictatorship to overcome the serious economic and political difficulties now besetting the Soviet orbit, instead of providing these totalitarian aggressors with commodities and credit they need for strengthening and streamlining their already powerful and dangerous war machines, let the democracies pursue a positive program to aid freedom and peace through building up their own unity and ever greater strength. The executive council of the AFL proposes that this program should have among its guiding lines the following measures:

1. Complete rearmament-military, economic, political, and social-adequate enough to discourage and defeat Communist subversion and aggression against the free nations on all continents.

2. Setting of definite time limits for granting independence to the colonial and semicolonial peoples, as the United States did in the Philippine Islands.

3. Expansion of purchasing power, productivity and trade, and stabilization of the prices of basic raw materials (rubber, tin, etc.) within the free world.

4. U. N.-supervised democratic elections in of conflict (Germany, Korea, all areas China, Indochina) in order to reduce international tension and to enable the peoples of these countries to achieve genuine national reunification in freedom and to select governments which shall enjoy full sovereignty in their foreign as well as domestic affairs.

5. Rigid and permanent opposition to admitting into U. N. membership the Mao Tsetung regime or any other government which (a) has been imposed on a nation by a foreign power; (b) which exercises effective control of the country by denying its people the human rights specified in the U. N. Charter; and (c) which is engaged in, or has been found guilty of, aggression against the U. N.

6. Bilateral nonaggression and mutual aid pacts between free nations (U. S. and Republic of Korea, Philippines, Nationalist China) until such time as agreements can be reached for organizing a more inclusive collective security system.

or

7. Negotiations for the settlement of international disputes to be conducted through regular diplomatic channels through the channels of the U. N. with a view of strengthening the U. N. as an instrument of world peace.

8. Continuous and increased emphasis on advancing the cause of peace through promoting a genuine disarmament program-a practical program carried out in stages, effectively controlled and inspected internationally on both sides of the Iron Curtain.

S. 3447 and H. R. 9163

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. CARL T. DURHAM

OF NORTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1954

Mr. DURHAM. Mr. Speaker, Senate bill 3447, which was passed by the House today, is a bill that is designed to permit a physician to prescribe certain non-habit-forming drugs preparations verbally rather than in writing. In fact, it does little more than legalize a practice which is very widespread already, with the most unfortunate result that the druggist who accepts a prescription over the telephone is left holding the bag unless he is careful enough and persistent enough to require the physician to sign a prescription the next time he is in the pharmacy.

It should also be noted that there are many exempt codeine preparations under existing laws, such as Cheracol cough syrup. This bill would merely extend the coverage to include some other similar compounds and preparations.

Under this bill, not only will the druggist be protected in the future in a practice which is already widespread, but services to the sick would be expedited. The law which prohibits a physician from using the telephone to prescribe common everyday prescriptions for the alleviation of pain was enacted 40 years ago-December 1914. It is quite appropriate that we revise laws of this kind, subject to all appropriate safeguards, to conform to the very important devel

opments in medical and pharmaceutical sciences.

I wish to make it very clear that this bill would not authorize a verbal prescription for any drug until the Federal Commissioner of Narcotics has issued a regulation describing precisely what drugs may become subject to the verbal prescription procedure.

Before he issues such a regulation, the Commissioner is required to consider the views of the Surgeon General, the United States Food and Drug Administrator, the respective heads of State narcotic law enforcement agencies, and the respective secretaries of national associations representing narcotic-drug manufacturers, physicians, and pharmacists.

It will not be possible to predict in advance what drugs will be considered entirely safe by the Federal Commissioner of Narcotics and his advisers.

Under the terms of the bill, the druggist is still required to maintain the same kind of records of issue which are required of him at the present time, but he is authorized to prepare the written record on the basis of a spoken rather than a written order.

Also a verbal prescription will only permit repetitive sales if specifically authorized by the physician in the same manner as for a written prescription.

Action on this bill is desirable because it is necessary to amend the laws of some States in order to put the new practice into effect. This bill we have passed today, S. 3447, by being made effective now, will permit the State legislatures to amend their laws next year. Otherwise many of them would not have had an opportunity to do so until 1957.

This bill I am sure will be welcomed by every druggist in every State of the Union. I have spent many years as a druggist and this was while the present law was in operation. This measure, in my opinion, will be a valuable addition to the present law.

One-Hundred-Year Saga of Blue Nuns One of Dauntless Courage

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. MICHAEL A. FEIGHAN

OF OHIO

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1954

Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, this year marks the centenary of the Sisters of the Holy Humility of Mary, who have, during the past 100 years, devoted themselves untiringly to the noble service of God and country. By their arduous sacrifices and zealous efforts they have made a priceless contribution to this country. They have enriched the lives, spiritually and culturally, of countless thousands; they have comforted those in grief and distress and ministered to the sick. The July 23, 1954, issue of the Catholic Universe Bulletin carried an article briefly outlining the history of the Sisters of the Holy Humility of Mary

since they arrived in this country in 1864. Under leave to extend my remarks, I wish to include this article: ONE-HUNDRED-YEAR SAGA OF BLUE NUNS ONE OF DAUNTLESS COURAGE

Nestled in a secluded valley near the OhioPennsylvania border in New Bedford, Pa., 10 miles from Youngstown, Villa Maria Convent today is a far cry from the 300 acres of rough, untamed land which greeted a handful of French Sisters when they arrived in 1864. Its transformation is a fulfillment of a prediction that in America the nuns would find "the same unfailing providence" they found in France.

The order had been founded in 1854 in Donmartin, France, by Father John J. Begel in the diocese of Nancy, under the title of "Sisters of the Humility of the Blessed Virgin Mary." It was the year that Pope Pius IX proclaimed the dogma of the Immaculate Conception.

In 1863, Father Begel met Father Louis Hoffer, of Louisville, Ohio, who had been sent to France by Bishop Amadeus Rappe, first bishop of Cleveland, to bring a teaching order to the new diocese.

Father Boegel accepted and with the entire sisterhood of some 12 members, began packing.

First blow came on the eve of departure when Mother Magdalen, cofounder and superior, died. Daughter of a wealthy family, she had financed the young community for the 10 years of its life. She also provided traveling expenses to America and was to purchase the property which Bishop Rappe had selected.

With her death, plans for America were abandoned. Bishop Rappe, however, wrote: "You will find in America the same unfailing providence as you found in France."

Encouraged anew, the group began packing again and arrived in New York June 14, 1854. With Father Begel were 9 professed Sisters, 2 novices, and 2 orphans, who later joined the community and became known as Sister Magdalen and Sister Sacred Heart. Sister Sacred Heart's little sister had left France with them but died on the way and was buried at sea. Sister Magdalene was a sister to one of the professed nuns, Sister Anastasia.

They came to Pennsylvania July 25, 1864, faced with the task of succeeding where two other orders-Franciscan Brothers and Sisters of Charity-had failed.

The "farm" had been deeded by its owner, William Murrin, to the Pittsburgh diocese with the stipulation that it be used for religious purposes. Bishop O'Connor built a 2-story brick building which he intended for a diocesan seminary.

Owing to the inaccessibility of the place that plan was abandoned. Next, a colony of Franciscan Brothers took charge. They, too, found the land unproductive and the location poor. After 4 years, they returned to Pittsburgh and left the place on the hands of the Pittsburgh bishop who then sold it to Bishop Rappe for $3,000.

The Cleveland bishop asked the Sisters of Charity of St. Augustine to open an orphanage there. They tried from 1859 to 1864.

Such was the situation when the French nuns took up the challenge by starting an orphanage and a boarding school for girls.

They had little money, a sizable debt, and a farm which wouldn't yield anything for a year at least.

In this near wilderness they remembered the well-kept farms and the rich fields of their native France. The journal they kept tells how close they came to giving up. But they didn't. They began to work the land. A sawmill was installed and the work supervised by the nuns, some of them doing the work themselves. To build an addition

to the home, which had been erected by the Franciscans, a kiln was set up.

The nuns cultivated the soil, sheared sheep, dyed the wool, wove the material for their garments and that of their orphans and made their own shoes.

The language was a stumbling block, but English verbs were conquered, too.

The difficulties with which they had to struggle impeded for a time the educational progress of the community, but friends among the clergy, other sisterhoods, and layfolk who learned of their poverty helped them. The material condition of the community improved and membership increased.

The land continuously yielded better crops, thus enabling the nuns to support themselves and their orphans. To provide accommodations for the growing community the original brick building was doubled in size in 1869 and again in 1878.

The Sisters found Bishop Rappe's prediction coming true that an "unfailing providence would provide."

In 1871, during an epidemic, they went into homes to nurse the sick dying of black smallpox. They buried the dead at night.

Irish laborers on a nearby railroad gave the Sisters their first opportunity in hospital work. The men came over the hills to be nursed, and later repaid the nuns by contributing toward a small building which served as a hospital from 1879 until Bishop John P. Farrelly asked the Sisters to take over the present St. Elizabeth Hospital in Youngstown, which opened in 1911. Besides St. Joseph's, Lorain, the nuns also operate St. Joseph Hospital, Warren.

For the first 60 years at the Villa the nuns conducted an orphanage for girls; from 1907 to 1937 they mothered the boys at St. Anthony Home; for 50 years, from 1874 to 1924, they had charge of the domestic work at St. Mary Seminary, and since 1922 they have conducted Rose-Mary Home.

This year the order expects to start construction of a new girls' high school to be called Magnificant, on 25 acres of a 65-acre tract in Rocky River. It will accommodate 1,200 students.

Success has marked their labors in the felds of education, hospital administration, and welfare work.

In a small white chapel on the convent grounds there remains a link with France and the beginnings of the order.

It is a statute of the Immaculate Conception minus the right arm. An ordinary statue would have been replaced long ago. But not the Madonna of Villa Maria.

It first stood in a flower garden in Donmartin. To this grotto came the nuns each evening for prayer and recreation.

Mother Magdalen once said that as she prayed, the statue of the Blessed Mother seemed to bow to her.

When the community came to America, the statue came, too, but it arrived in pieces.

A nun gathered up the pieces and put the statue together as well as she could. All but one arm. Every effort to repair it failed. The statue still stands in the chapel which the children of the neighborhood call the Wish House.

When the sisters try to correct this name, the children say:

"What else can we call it? What we ask for here is nearly always granted."

In the tiny chapel, the Blue Nuns, from postulants to Mother Lorita, H. H. M., the 10th superior since the foundation of the community, visitors and children recite this indulgenced prayer:

"Most Holy Virgin, I believe and confess Your Holy and Immaculate Conception pure and without stain. O, most pure Virgin, by thy virginal purity, thy glorious quality of Mother of God, obtain for me of thy Divine Son, charity, humility, purity of heart, body, and mind, the gift of prayer, a holy life, and a happy death. Amen."

Former Senator Joseph E. Ransdell

EXTENSION OF REMARKS

OF

HON. RUSSELL B. LONG

OF LOUISIANA

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Thursday, August 19, 1954

Mr. LONG. Mr. President, on July 27 of this year there passed away former Senator Joseph E. Ransdell, who at the time of his death was the oldest living former Member of the Senate. I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the Appendix of the RECORD three editorials and an article which appeared in various Louisiana newspapers.

There being no objection, the editorials and articles were order to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: [From the New Orleans Times-Picayune of July 28, 1954]

JOSEPH E. RANSDELL

A good man, a good citizen, and a good public servant over a span of years that most people can only half remember, Joseph E. Ransdell is dead at 95. It has been a long time-23 years-since Senator Ransdell was retired from public life, but with many of those who remember some of his years in official harness his career was the finest expression of the doctrine that public life is a public trust. Through nearly a half a century he carried through faithfully the trusteeship which he assumed in one office or another. And time after time, in his final years, appreciative citizens found ways to express their gratitude for the service he performed and the example he set.

What State history will record about Senator Ransdell is that he was elected to a number of public offices, served 14 years in the House and 18 years in the Senate, and was the originator of the first comprehensive flood-control legislation for the lower Mississippi Valley and the State. Naturally his flood-control bill was the masterpiece of his career. But in the hearts of people who knew him well the memory of his personal qualities and his exemplary life will be most

treasured.

The passing of this fine citizen and public man is an occasion for sincere mourning.

[From the Baton Rouge (La.) Morning Advocate of July 29, 1954] SENATOR RANSDELL

As a United States Senator, Joseph E. Ransdell was not the headline maker that some were before him and others have been since. But his career in the public service was as productive as it was long and it is no exaggeration to say that future generations will enjoy the benefits of his work.

The unified flood-control plan for the lower Mississippi Valley is, of course, his legislative monument. Under this bill, passed in 1928, the Federal Government took charge of flood control in the valley and since that time work has been done that it is believed will prevent any repetition of the flood disasters that have occurred in the past.

Another of his more important bills was that creating the National Health Institute in Washington. Senator Ransdell, who then was ending his career in Congress, served for a time as head of the Institute. This project was a natural sequel to his 1917 bill which led to establishment of the United States Public Health Service Hospital at Carville for treatment of Hansen's disease.

Former Senator Ransdell died Tuesday at the age of 95. It was 23 years ago that he lost his Senate seat to the late Senator Huey

P. Long. Some of the major projects that he inaugurated now have been underway so long that they may be thought of by the present generation as having always been in existence. But they are still important, living projects.

The great unified flood-control program of which he was the author is now the subject of intense interest throughout the lower Mississippi Valley. Work to prevent capture of the Mississippi by the Atchafalaya will bring the program near comple

tion.

The hospital at Carville is now the leading institution of its kind in the world. Work done there has brought new hope to many patients and has gone far to remove the fear

and superstition that for centuries have surrounded Hansen's disease.

Among those who knew him, the former Senator is remembered as a man of dignity and level judgment. The campaign in which he lost his Senate seat was a bitter one, but he lost neither his equanimity or his sense of proportion, and was not himself embittered. For nearly two decades thereafter he remained active in his personal life and in public affairs. He was the owner of a large pecan orchard and even after passing the age of 90 was a well-known figure in the southern pecan industry, a leader of the Louisiana Pecan Growers Association.

His was a long and vigorous public career and a long and vigorous life. As the present Senator LONG-RUSSELL LONG, son of the man who defeated Senator Ransdell-said, Louisiana has lost an outstanding citizen who gave many years of his life to public service.

[From the Shreveport Times of July 29, 1954] JOSEPH E. RANSDELL

Joseph E. Ransdell, who died Tuesday at his home in Lake Providence at the age of 95, was one of Louisiana's fine gentlemen. In his younger years he was one of its most capable statesmen. As United States Senator he was the first man in Congress to call for Federal flood control and nationwide development of waterways through Federal activities. He took the first steps to create what is now the tremendous Mississippi Valley waterway system.

Senator Ransdell first held public office nearly 70 years ago when he became district attorney of East Carroll Parish. Only 4 years later he was sent to the House of Representatives in Washington and then to the United States Senate where he served under every President from McKinley to Hoover.

A courtly gentlemen of the old school southern frock-coat type, Senator Ransdell also was a man of remarkable logic of mind and maintained an unusual clarity of intellect even through his final years when he was approaching the century mark in age. In recent years—when in his ninties-he wrote several letters to editors of the Times on both State and National political affairs which were astonishing for keen understanding of the most elusive details and ability to pin down a controversial subject to a very simple issue.

To his sole survivor, a niece, Mrs. Isabel Keene, the Times joins the many thousands who respected and admired Senator Ransdell in extending heartfelt sympathy. A splendid man has been taken from this life.

[From the Alexandria Daily Town Talk, Alexandria-Pineville, La., of July 28, 1954] GREAT LOSS TO LOUISIANA

(By Adras LaBorde)

The new generation cannot appreciate what Louisiana has lost in the death of Senator Joseph E. Ransdell.

As his biographer it was my privilege to learn every facet of the bearded old gentleman who was a national figure for 32 years, a