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The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united

States of America,

Whett in the Course of human event, it h comes macefeary, for one people to dipolen the political bands which have commacted them with another, and to spune among the flowers of the earth, the separate and equal jention to which the laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle then, a deant respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they joonid declare the causes which impee them to the feparation. We hold these truths tobe fulf-wident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by the Create there are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness — That to fecure these lights. Governments are instituted among Men, dawving then postin

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with certain unalinable Rights, that first whenever smy Loom of Gorunment becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the Trople to atter or to abolish it, and to institute new flores from the consent of the goreened,. Government, laying the foundation on such prensipler and cry lorganizing its powers in such forms. asti them shall sum most likely to effect their Sapty and Happiness Prodina indeed, will dictate that Governments long established jhoodd not be changed for light and transient causes; and scasingly all reperiona hath fruon, that markind are more. Impond to fur suits are fuffuable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they. are accustomed. Bret when along train of abuses and ufurpations, pursuing invariably the same Coyed? somos a design to reduce them under abschule Despotion, it is their right, it's there duty, to the ow off such Government, and to provide new Gaurants for these fritives feauty - Such has been the patient fufforana of these kolonus; and fuck is now the neceferty which constrooms them to atter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Bittain is a history of expected injurers and refisprations, all having in durust Ajout the eftirblishment of an absolute Tyranny. woon them States To prom this, let Ferets be fromatted to a world world. He has refused his front to Lans, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.. - He has forordden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate? and pressing importance, unlife suspended in then opuction till his Apont should be obtained; and when sosuspended, he has utterly reglated to stond to them. He how refund to pops other Lows for the accommodation of large districts of people: antep those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legistature, a right inefimaks to them and formidable? to hunts only. He has called ingether legulation bodus at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of then public Records for the sole pempore of 2 súguing them ab compliance with his measures.. He has disolved Repatitative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly fummits has invasions on the rights of the people. Hi has refused for along time after such dipolitions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative flowers, incapable of Annihilation, have caturmed to the Props at lings for their excrcise, the abrate. ing in the mean time exposed to all the dangus of invasion from without; and convulsions within ? _ He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these states, for that purpose distins long the Law for Naturalization of Foreigners; refering to paps others to meourage the migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands. Administration of Justice. by refering his Apont to save for cotathishing Judiary flowers. He has made Judges dependent on his 12 alore, for the Dome of then offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries He has vented a multituch of New Offices, and ant niti jurarms of Offions to hands our people, and cut out their fobotāno The has kept song times of peace, Standing Armes without the bonsent of our legislatures". He has affect I to render the Military independent of and superior to the livet power ? _ He has comormed with others to subject arts a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and mucknowledged by laws: giving his Apond to their Acts of pretended sequotation: For Quarkring large bodies of armed troops imong us - For protecting thing, by a mock Frai. from punishment for any Mardens which they should commat on the Inhabitants of these States: For cutting our Frate with all parts of the wall.. For imposing Taxes on us with out our Consent: _ For deperving Seas to be tried for foretendal offences, The catablishing them an Arbitrary goonment and enlarg of the benefits of Imal by jury, — For transporting wor For abolishing the fee Syst in of English Laws in a raghboring France, so as to undu il et on an example and fit inftrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies. for taking away carl harters abolishing. athering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments... For suspending Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with flowers to legislat: for i ow on all vans whatsoever He has abdicated Government here by dedaring us out ofthes Protection and reaging Wine against us. — He has pundered our seas, ravaged our braids, bind our towns, and destroyed the lives four people Hens at this time transporting large Comes of frugn Mireenarons to compost the works of death, desolation and I tyranny, airindy boyun with cocommstances of water inperfidy fearby pasatioled in the most backnow ages, and lotsky murestry the Head of a avized nationen — He has constrained our foliow Citizens takon Captive on the high seas lovear Amins agoint their County, to become the axeuitioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands — He has excited domestic infurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring. inhabitants of our frontiers, the meraleje Indian Savages, whose known side of warfore, undistinguished destruction of all ages feace and conditions. In wvery stage of these Oppressions the have Pittimed I for Redress. in the most humble terms, Concrepasted Rotations have been answered repeated in injury A Renas hose character is this macked by every ad which may define a Tyrants unfit tobe the outer of a free people Not have ll's ban wanting in attrations to our British betrun. We have warned the form time lotions of allempts by their legislative to extend an unwarsed able purisdiction. the have ummnded them of the creamstones of our emigration and jettlement here We have appealed to ther native justice, and magnanimity, and we have conyered them by the ties of our common honded to disavow these ufurpations, which would mortarty interrupt our connections and correspondence "They too have been deaf to the race of justice and of unsanguinity. We must, therefore, acquence in the necessity, which denounos our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enoires on War, in Pearce Frinds. —

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We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of Amerien, in General Congress. Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our. tentions, do, in the Nome and by Authority of the good People of these &'clonus, folemnly publish and dictare. That there United Eclones are; and of Right night tebe. Free and Independent States, that they are Abeolved from all litegiance to the Betish brown, and that all political connection betoon them and the State of Great Britain, wand ought to be totally defected; and that as Tree and Independent States, they have fuld Power to buy this, conclude Peace, contact Albiances, estabach Comware and to do all other Arts and things which Independent I may of right do. — And I for the support of this Decoration, with a form tabance on the protection of devine Providence, we mi mentually pledge to each other our Lives, ou Fortn and our facred Honor

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John Morton

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Gailer Braxton

United States of Amenca Department of State To all to whom these Presents shall come. Greeting

I certify that the foregoing is a far com bo of the ongenal Declaration of Indspratence as it was angrossed, laid on the Sponhoss table, and signed in the Continental Cergenas as
1776, and deposited with the papons of the Continental Congress in the Department of State

In lastimony whorey John Hay, Secretory of Ports of the United States brown harmante subscribed my wame and caused the seat of the Department of State to be afflood
Done at the City of Washington this 8th day of November, AD. 1982, ma of the Independence of the United States of Amenon the one hundred and twenty-worth.

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United States of America, Department of State. To all to whom these Presents shall come, Greeting: I certify that the foregoing is a fac-simile of the original Declaration of Independence as it was engrossed, laid on the Speaker's table, and signed in the Continental Congress in 1776, and deposited with the papers of the Continental Congress in the Department of State.

In testimony whereof, I, John Hay, Secretary of State of the United States, have hereunto subscribed my name and caused the seal of the Department of State to be affixed.

Done at the City of Washington this 8th day of November, A. D., 1902, and of the Independence of the United States of America the one hundred and twenty-seventh. (signed) JOHN HAY

The unanimous Declaration

of the thirteen united

States of America

WHEN, in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitles them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn; that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. Such has been the patient_sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world.

He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them.

He has refused to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the deposi tory of their public Records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them to compliance with his measures.

He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people.

He has refused for a long time, after such dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Appropriations of Lands.

He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establishing Judiciary Powers.

He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to harass our people, and eat out their substance.

He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without the Consent of our Legislature. He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power.

He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation:

For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us:

For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on the Inhabitants of these States:

For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world:

For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent:

For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by jury:

For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offenses:

For abolishing the free System of English Laws in a neighboring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrary government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these Colonies:

For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the Forms of our Governments:

For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.

He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War against us. He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty & perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation.

He has constrained our fellow-Citizens taken captive on the high Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, whose known rule of warefare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions.

In every stage of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.

Nor have we been wanting in attentions to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.

WE THEREFORE, the REPRESENTATIVES of the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN GENERAL CONGRESS, Assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the Name, and by authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly PUBLISH and DECLARE, That these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is and ought to be totally dissolved; and that as FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES, they have full Power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which INDEPENDENT STATES may of right do. And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes, and our sacred Honor.

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When we think of the United States, we think of opportunity, speed, individuality, vision, earnestness of purpose and resourcefulness

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We, The People

Character and National Resources-the Ideal Combination Which Makes a Great and Outstanding Nation

W

VE WORKED TOGETHER AND HELPED ONE ANOTHER." According to RearAdmiral Robert E. Peary, an American, this was the plan that enabled him to reach the North Pole in 1909, after many other heroic explorers had failed. It is the principle to follow in all the work of life, great and small.

Have you ever stopped to think how necessary it is in modern life that all of us work together to help one another? Let us for a few minutes think of the reason for some of the things that in our daily life we take for granted. Early each morning we open the back door, or the dumbwaiter door if we live in a big apartment house in great city, and take in the bottle of milk that is to be used for our breakfast.

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Ordinarily, getting a bottle of milk seems a simple matter. Every morning we look for it and find it in the same spot on the three hundred and sixty-five days of the year. It never enters our heads that a complex business organization is responsible for such a commonplace occurrence; that many people working together furnish us with milk, and that while some of us have our work to do after a seven o'clock breakfast, others of us have been up and at work much earlier.

Team Work

MAN cannot live and

maintain the kind of a society in which we now live without cooperation... Our American Democracy is team work on a great scale. It is a great society composed of individual citizens, organized to be a political WE... A Democracy is a country owned and managed by all its adult citizens through their government.

It is usually waiting for us. But suppose that for some reason or other, perhaps a big snow-storm which ties up the railroads, our morning bottle of milk is not on time. What troubles arise! The oatmeal without milk does not taste nearly so good! The baby cannot understand. Then we begin to wonder. "What is the matter?" we ask. And with the question comes the realization of how very dependent we and our family are upon others for our every-day comforts and happiness.

A Long Journey

Let us trace the bottle of milk back along its journey. Every morning of the year some milkman must get up at two or three o'clock in order that fresh milk may be delivered for the cereal and the baby. The job of the milkman is a hard, tiresome task. Part of the price we pay for each quart of milk goes toward his weekly wages.

In the larger cities each driver secures his milk from some central station where it has been pasteurized and iced carefully in order that it may be pure and wholesome when it reaches our homes. The central plant has in turn secured its supply of milk from the railroad which runs daily milk trains back along its lines for literally hun

Many people work together so that we will get our bottle of milk every morning. THE GOVERNMENT EMPLOYS MANY TO TEST THE COWS to make sure that they give pure milk. There are those who milk the cows and still others who deliver the milk to us.

Great numbers of people work in THE LARGE STEEL PLANTS where steel rails are made for the railroads that bring the milk from the country to the city.

THOUSANDS MORE BUILD THE AUTOMOBILES that the farmers use to haul the milk to the railroad stations. 3,000,000 American farmers own automobiles. The automobile industry employs 2,740,000 people.

dreds of miles from the largest cities. To each rural station milk is brought from the surrounding districts by individual farmers. Unless the farmers meet the trains, and the trains are on time, we fail to get our supply promptly. Each individual farmer and his hired man must milk the cows both morning and night without a break in the routine. Out of the price we pay for our milk must go a percentage to each of the workers who have handled it.

Still other individuals are interested in our morning bottle of milk. In order that we may be safe from infected milk, some official of the government has tested the cows for tuberculosis. The government has also required that certain standards of cleanliness be met, that the milk be kept free from adulteration, and that a definite grade of richness of cream and of purity be maintained. Clean milk, pure milk, rich milk, milk on time, means that we and our family keep in good health. There are many individuals who are responsible for these conditions.

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The Whole World Helps This is not all. Many other agencies, indirectly, are called upon. The engineer and the fireman of the train which brings in the milk must be experienced men. The cars necessary to transport such a product as milk have to be especially manufactured in a great car-making plant. The rails on which the milk trains run are produced in a great steel plant, which in turn goes back to the mining centers of coal and iron. The highways to railroad stations were built and

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