Every citizen should know, obey, and support the law. The symbol of the law of our country is the flag. Everyone should observe these simple rules which are called "Courtesy to the Flag." The flag should never be left outside after sundown. It should always BE HUNG FREE, that is, it should never be tied or tacked to anything. When the flag passes by,

during a parade, for example, ALL MALE CITIZENS SHOULD SALUTE IT as Theodore Roosevelt and the late Mayor Mitchel of New York City are seen saluting it. If the citizen is in uniform he must salute as the officers in the picture are saluting.

manner, but in times of war nations are apt to claim as citizens, everyone they possibly can, especially young men. People who come under this double citizenship rule-who have two citizenships-may find it troublesome if they go back to the old country during such times. One should be sure of his citizenship before traveling in war time.

Citizenship Endangered Naturalized citizens who leave the United States must also be careful about the length of time they remain away. Naturalization is a privilege and may be revoked.

If within five years after securing citizenship papers an individual returns to his native country, and lives there for two years, or if he goes to another country and stays away from this country for five years, his naturalization may be canceled by our Government.

The Federal authorities assume that such an individual does not desire to remain an American citizen. Diplomatic and Consular officers of the United States are obliged to give to the Department of Justice the name of such a person.

In order to prevent such loss of citizenship, a naturalized citizen must report to the American Embassy or to an American Consular Office in the foreign country where he is living and present satisfactory evidence of his intention to remain a citizen of the United States. If this is not done, a naturalized citizen may find that he has lost his American citizenship and may also, on account of the new percentage

immigration laws, find it most. difficult to return to this country.

Children Born Abroad Children born abroad of Amercan parents likewise have serious difficulties at times. The United States considers a child born on foreign soil an American citizen if its father was an American citizen when the child was born, and provided the father, at any time, had resided in the United States.

The United States, however, will only give protection to such a child, if, at the age of eighteen, he records his intention at an American Consulate of becoming a resident and remaining a citizen of the United States; and on reaching the age of twenty-one takes the oath of allegiance to the United States.

This American protection will not be given in all cases. Suppose such a child born in France of American parents, reaches the military age. A war breaks out. He is taken by the French authorities for military service. The young man appeals to the United States for assistance. He will find that the United States will not recognize his appeal and will not step in to protect him, but, on the contrary, will say: You were born in France, you have lived in France, you are under obligations to France; do your duty!

This is only fair on our part. We have millions of people born in this country of foreign parents who, under our laws, are considered American citizens and who are liable to military duty in case of war. If such individuals claimed the citizenship of another country when war

Naturalized citizens who hold or recently have held public office in the United States may be numbered by the thousands. Space permits the naming of but a few:

1. James J. Davis, present SECRETARY OF LABOR, born in Wales. 2. Franklin Knight Lane, SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR under President Wilson, born in Canada. 3. William Bauchop Wilson, SECRETARY OF LABOR under President Wilson, born in Scotland. 4. Knute Nelson, SENATOR from Minnesota, born in Norway. 5. William Spry, GOVERNOR of Utah, born in England. 6. Julius Kahn, CONGRESSMAN from California, born in Germany. 7. Oscar Solomon Strauss, AMBASSADOR to Turkey, born in Bavaria. 8. Jacob Gould Schurman, U. S. MINISTER to Greece and China, born in Canada. 9. Henry Morgenthau, AMBASSADOR to Turkey, born in Germany. 10. John W. Goff, JUDGE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF NEW YORK, born in Ireland. 11. Jacob Riis, MEMBER OF PARKS AND PLAYGROUNDS COMMISSION, New York, born in Denmark. 12. James Couzens, MAYOR of Detroit, born in Canada.

broke out, in order to evade military service in the United States, Uncle Sam would say to them: You were born in America, you are living in America, you are under obligations to America; do your duty by America!

Rights and Privileges

When an alien has become a citizen of the United States of America, what are his rights and privileges? With one exception, he shares all the benefits which belong to a native born citizen. He can hold any political office, except that of President or Vice President of the United States, privileges that are reserved to the native born.

All other political and civil privileges are his. Politically, a naturalized citizen has the right to share in the government through his vote and may hold any civil service office. He is entitled to American protection at home and abroad.

Constitutional Rights

At home an American citizen is constitutionally guarded in certain fundamental rights. He has the right to free speech, to assemble, to make a petition, to fair treatment if accused of a crime, to personal liberty, to control property, and to religious freedom.

Rights and Their Use

Often, however, there is much confusion of thought over these constitutional rights. A student, many years ago, asked his schoolmaster where his rights began and where they ended. The reply is worth repeating. "Your rights," said the old teacher, "end just where the other fel

low's rights begin." There is a truth in this reply that many people in America need to learn.

Every right must be used within reason, with due regard to the rights of others, and one may even add, to the rights of the society in which one lives. The right to assemble and to free speech does not mean permission to hold a meeting and address an audience in the middle of a busy street, thus blocking traffic. Free speech does not carry with it the right to slander another's reputation. Free speech does not include the right to advocate the overthrow of the government by riots and violence.

If the individual use of a right endangers the health, or the morals, the peace or the safety of others, that right may become license, and may be curbed. In other words, the full enjoyment of rights in a democracy calls for a great deal of common sense and self control on the part of the individuals claiming them.

The Citizen's Obligations

Every right has a corresponding obligation. Duty should be stressed as strictly as rights in a democracy, or democracy will fail. What are some of the duties which all Americans should practice?

Is it too much to ask that a citizen know his country's history and be proud of it? Every citizen should know, obey and support the law. If he thinks a law unjust or unwise, he should attempt to change it in a constitutional manner.

Every believer in good government should register and vote, cooperate with other citizens in the public welfare and honor and respect the National Flag.

The citizen also should share in the common burdens of his country. No one has the right to share in the common privileges and then to shirk the common burdens, such as those of paying taxes and guarding against crime. War is another common burden. Only a slacker accepts the privileges and the rights afforded by America and then refuses to fight or die in the nation's cause, if need be, when trouble comes.

The Qualities of a Good Citizen

Intelligence, self control, and conscience, are the three qualities which, according to a great political writer, are most needed in the citizens of a democracy. A citizen must be able to understand the interests and the problems of this great nation.

A citizen must be able and willing to subordinate his own will to the general will. A citizen must feel his responsibility and be prepared to make his country a better place to live in by helping, by learning, and by giving service.

The United States has many great and difficult problems to solve. Some even claim that democracy is on trial. America, however, will face the future without fear if it can build upon citizens with these qualities—intelligence, self control and conscience!