Linear Electronics in Control Systems

12 volts AC line applied armature armature current average base current bias bipolar breakdown cause charge circuit of Figure circuitry collector current common constant control system create current flows current limit curve depletion zone device dissipation electrical electronic emitter Equation equivalent circuit error amplifier example feedback firing full-wave gate half cycle heat heatsink input resistance inverting JFET junction line voltage linear load current load line load voltage maximum meter MOSFET motor speed negative Ohm's Law ohms op amp opto-isolator oscilloscope output voltage peak percent permits phototransistor polarity power supply produce pulse Q point R₁ rectifier resistor reverse RMS value scope set point shown in Figure shows signal simple sinusoid slew rate solid-state stage supply voltage switch tachometer temperature terminal thermal thyristor tion triac typical V₁ voltage drop voltage gain volts watts wave shape zener diode zero