common love of liberty, Catholic and Protestant, Churchman and Puritan alike, they left old political forms in the old places, and applied their cherished principles in a way and to an extent peculiar to themselves. Students have devoted much time and learning to tracing the germs of some of our institutions back into the depths of ancient German forests, but the truth still stands that the ideas and institutions that characterize the nation are essentially peculiar to the nation." In other words, America is of the Americans.

The New Netherlands colony receives due attention, and we are reminded that until very recently our historians generally have based their statements, either directly or indirectly, on writers antagonistic to the Dutch settlement and ignorant of the language in which its records were written. The beneficent spirit of the Maryland colony as established by Lord Baltimore is clearly brought out. Notwithstanding his patent from royalty, which precluded all other claimants, the governor bought the lands from the Indians themselves, "thus anticipating by fifty years the policy of William Penn." Also, "from the beginning religious toleration of all Christian creeds was proclaimed and practised." Later on this principle of toleration was confirmed by definite statute drawn up by Lord Baltimore himself and passed by the Colonial assembly without amendment. "Thus for the first time in the history of the world did a legally constituted legislature enact religious liberty for Christians.” In spite of its discrimination against non-Christians, "the act was so liberal for that day that, in our day, it is difficult to appreciate it fully. . . . If any Protestant would carp because there were mists and exhalations that obscured what Bancroft has called the morning star of religious freedom, let him remember that within the preceding year a Puritan. parliament in England had passed an ordinance imposing death as the penalty for maintaining with obstinacy' any one of eight enumerated heresies. In Maryland the promised toleration was everywhere continued and the prescribed penalties were never inflicted." All this in Maryland while the Puritan exiles in Massachusetts were banishing Roger Williams into the wilderness for preaching toleration, cutting off the ears and boring the tongues of Quakers, hanging men and women for religious opinions, and selling their children into West Indian slavery, as we find in the chapter on "The Puritan and the Heretic."

Of course these things are well known to students of American history, but the facts are not always accessible to the general reader and have seldom been presented with such clearness of statement and wealth of reference.

Some of the old traditional idols are shattered, though still with reluctant hand. The ten thousand or is it fifty thousand?-descendants of the Mayflower will be somewhat surprised to learn from the roster that the number of adult passengers in that celebrated vessel who survived the winter was only twenty-six, all told, including sailors and a servant boy. The still more numerous descendants of Pocahontas will rejoice to know that the romantic story of Smith's rescue" has not been absolutely disproved."

The author's style is clear and concise, without long argument or dissertation, for all of which the reader is referred to the ample classified bibliography at the end of the volume. At the same time, any substantial difference of opinion is always plainly stated. The tables of contemporary rulers and of colonial governors add much to the understanding of the narrative. The numerous illustrations portraits, autographs, facsimile titles, views, and maps-all are carefully chosen and finely executed, and the prefatory list is really a critical and historical catalog. In matter and arrangement the work is the best history of the United States that has yet appeared, while from the book-maker's standpoint the beautiful volumes are an equal credit to the Matthews-Northrup press and the Burrows Publishing House. The complete history as outlined will make fifteen octavo volumes of about 500 pages each, with such an index as the same publishers have given to the Jesuit Relations, and will be brought down to 1902. JAMES MOONEY.

Anthropophyteia: Jahrbücher für Folkloristiche Erhebungen und Forschungen zur Entwicklunggeschichte der geschlechtlichen Moral, etc. Herausgegeben von DR FRIEDRICH S. KRAUSS. II Band. Leipzig: Deutsche Verlagsactiengesellschaft, 1905. Sm. 4°, xvi, 480 pp.

The second volume of the great work on sexual folklore, by Dr Krauss of Vienna, is at hand. It is issued with the collaboration of a number of distinguished scholars and includes the whole range of custom, story, proverb, riddle, charm, and song bearing on the subject as found in Vienna, Berlin, and the South German provinces, Servia, Hungary, Elsass, Sicily, and among the Gipsies. Original texts are given in German, including dialectic forms, Servian, Magyar, and Italian, with glossaries of special terms not known to dictionaries. While it is obviously impossible to particularize, it may be said that the work gives proof of a degree of beastliness still existing in the daily life of whole European communities hardly to be matched even among the Australian savages. Most of this, of course, is under the surface, but in many sections it is AM. ANTH., N. S., 8-25.

an ordinary feature of national custom, as in Hungary, where young men and women dance together to the words of improvised obscene songs, while their elders look on approvingly. As usual the most sacred things. are held up to filthiest ridicule. As the reviewer has already had occasion to remark in connection with the first volume (American Anthropologist, 1905, VII, 127), it might be well for our statesmen to know enough of this work to ask themselves seriously how much of such material they care to incorporate into our American civilization and citizenship. contribution to dialect study the volume has a special value.

JAMES MOONEY.

As a

Bibliothek auserwählten serbischer Meisterwerke, mit literarhistorischen Einleitungen. Herausgegeben von DR FRIEDRICH S. KRAUSS. Leipzig: Deutsche Verlagsactiengesellschaft. 1906.

Band V

Die Blume von Cannosa Mater Dolorosa: Zwei Novellen von VID VULETIČ VUKASOVIČ. Band VI- Liebe und Leben im Herzogland-Zwölf Erzählungen von SVETOZAR ČOROVIČ.

Two more booklets of the series of Servian masterworks, translated into German and edited by Dr Krauss, have appeared from the Leipzig press. Volume V contains two short stories by Vuletič, one of the younger generation of Servian writers, born near Ragusa in 1853 of parents who had emigrated from Herzegovina. The greater part of his active life has been spent as a teacher in the higher schools of Ragusa, his leisure hours being devoted to authorship, usually under a nom de plume, and to the study of Servian and Dalmatian antiquities and folklore, in which he is a recognized authority. As a story-teller his style is simple and of the people, and his analysis of womanly character is especially delicate.

In the eleven short sketches of Volume VI the Doctor introduces for the first time to Western readers a young writer who he predicts will yet be known as one of the greatest literary geniuses not alone of Servia but of the Slavic race. In speaking of Servian things it should be noted that only about one-sixth of the 7,000,000 people who use the Servian language are in Servia proper, the remainder constituting a more or less important element in the adjoining provinces of the Balkan region, the chronic unrest in that quarter being largely due to the effort of the dismembered national fragments to come together. Čorovic himself was born in Herzegovina barely thirty years ago and began his literary career when only fourteen years of age. At twenty he founded in Mostar a journal for the express purpose of building up a national Servian literature, with

such success that from the Adriatic to the lower Danube The Daybreak is now regarded as the exponent of a common heritage. The frontispiece portraits are indicative of intellectual breadth and vigor.

JAMES MOONEY.

Berittene Infanterie in China und andere Feldzugs-Erinerungen. Von GEORG FRIEDERICI, Hauptmann a. D. Mit 70 Abbildungen im Text und einer Karte. Berlin Dietrich Reimer (Ernst Vohsen), 1904. 8°, 355 pp.

This work deals with the writer's experiences as captain of a company of German mounted infantry in China during the Boxer uprising in 1900-01, and is altogether one of the most interesting and instructive books on China that have appeared in a long time. The writer is a master of English and is well acquainted with America, having traveled extensively in the United States and Mexico and having resided for a time in Washington, and, as former Lieutenant Friederici, is already known for his study of our Indian policy under the title of "Indians and AngloAmericans." He is also an authority on Indian things generally, and an acknowledged expert on the subject of mounted infantry from the earliest period. Spurred on by the double love of soldier's adventure and scientific observation, he was one of those to respond to the Kaiser's call of "volunteers to the front" for the rescue of the imperiled legations.

The opening chapter deals with the mobilization, the embarkment, and the long voyage around the coast of France and Portugal, through the straits, and along the Mediterranean to Port Said and the Suez canal, down the Red sea and by the Indian ocean to Singapore, the world's "museum of races," and on to Ta-ku, the landing port for Tientsin and Peking. The author shows himself familiar with the history of every point of interest along the route. The combination of home spirit and practical method so characteristic of the German even when he goes soldiering is manifested by the organization of singing clubs and language classes almost before the ship is well under way, the celebration of every birthday, and later the detail of men from winter quarters at Yangtsun to procure a suitable Christmas tree. The barracks canteen - whisper it softly! had three large orchestral instruments. The company mascots ranged from "Prince Tuan," a donkey, and Li Hung Chang, a billygoat, down to geese and ducks. A pleasant feature was the friendly feeling shown toward one another by the troops of the different allied nations, particularly the warm comradeship established between the Germans and the French.

But there is another side to the shield. We get glimpses of the meaning of war when we read of the desolated cities, the people shot down when they chanced to come too near the pickets, the village fired when the villagers were not prompt with the war indemnity demanded, and the troops of homeless dogs which "were very useful to clear the country of corpses." We learn that the loud explosions from the burning houses came not from ammunition hidden by the Boxers, but were caused by the bursting of the bamboo supports. Later on we are told that the work of identifying the slain German soldiers for burial by their comrades was very difficult, as nearly every body had been so mutilated as to be unrecognizable.

In regard to "lût" and the general disregard for the rules of civilized warfare by white troops when dealing with people of another race and culture, the author claims that these things are universal and inevitable under such circumstances, and that no one of the allies can claim superior merit in this respect. He has something to say about our own Chivington massacre and negro lynchings, and makes sly reference to a certain notable ball once given by the Chinese minister in Washington, where guests who had intruded without invitation, after having eaten and drunk to satiety, proceeded to carry off everything portable as souvenirs of the happy occasion, even to the fur coats of the diplomats. The brutalizing effect of warfare with a savage or half-civilized foe is dwelt on, particularly in China, where, from immemorial custom, "every corpse is mutilated and every prisoner tortured.”

We are given descriptions of Tientsin and Peking, the great wall, the street scenes and noises, the cultivated fields with their various products, the poisonous river water which must be clarified with alum to be drinkable, the house-building and furnishing, and some little note of the home life so far as it could be observed in war time. Every country has its own smell, quoting from another author, and the captain describes the all-pervading smell around Tientsin in the summer season as "simply infernal." There are some interesting paragraphs on the jargon words which the troops picked up in their daily contact with the coolies, but the American reader may look twice before recognizing in dschunke and tschau-tschau, the familiar junk and chowchow. The pages on the several breeds of native horses are especially valuable from the military point of view. The author's general conclusion seems to be that China of to-day is about in the status of Europe in the sixteenth century.

And now, after nineteen months of campaign and garrison, during which the captain did not escape an experience with fever, the order