then you can estimate something of the loss that has come to the world by those who in the enthusiasm of their youth have fallen in war, instead of living to shine in the various walks of life.

My friends, let me speak a word of encouragement to you. All the lines are leading toward peace. There is progress all throughout the world and you will find intellectual development in every nation of the world. You will find there is a quickening in all the influences that are put forth in behalf of intellectual development, and this means peace. Go through the world, and you will find our theory of government has spread everywhere. The effort is to bring a government nearer to the people. The power of kings is being limited, and power of the people is being enlarged. Everywhere the party that is trying to bring the government nearer to the people is the growing party, and the party of aristocracy and monarchy is the dead party, the world over. Not only is intelligence spreading, not only is our ideal of government spreading, but morality is spreading. There is a growth in moral sentiment, the world over. More people are studying questions from the ethical standpoint. There is more altruism than there ever was before, and more in this country than in any other country in the world. The growth of intelligence, and the growth of popular government, and the spreading of morality, all mean peace. In this larger peace our nation's work will be an increasing one.

Sometimes they call us little Americans, because we do not believe in the spreading of our nation's influences by force. We remind them that other nations have tried this kind of supremacy, and that one after another they have gone down to decay. We tell them we want to build upon a firmer foundation.

They say that this nation is just becoming a world-power, that we must have a mighty navy in order to wield great influence. I answer that for more than a year this nation has been the greatest power in the world. For more than ten decades it has done more to influence the politics of the human race than all the other nations of the earth combined. And it has done it without a large army or a large navy.

Until now the height of civilization has been attained, and

being so, America has been the inspiration of the world. By this high example all nations have been given faith in the future.

As I believe that service is the measure of greatness in the individual, so I believe that service is a measure of the national greatness. Then no other nation has ever measured up to our standard of greatness, for no other nation has ever served the world as we have served it and are serving it. We are giving the world ideals in government, in education and in religion, and we are destined to impress the world as no other nation has ever impressed it. This influence will not be exerted through force and violence, but our nation, developing here a civilization surpassing the civilizations of the past, will rise through that development, and in its rising draw all other nations unto it by the power of a noble example. Our flag, instead of being feared, will be loved, and people instead of bowing before it, will thank God that there is such a flag standing as ours does for justice and good-will.

At the close of Mr. Bryan's address the meeting adjourned.

Fifth Session

THE BUSINESS MEETING

TUESDAY MORNING, MAY 19TH

The fifth session of the Conference, held in Horticultural Hall on Tuesday morning, was devoted to the consideration of the report of the Committee on Resolutions, and to the subject of permanent organization.

Franklin Spencer Edmonds, chairman of the Executive Committee, presided. Cyrus D. Foss, Jr., acted as secretary.

The chairman stated that the first order of business was the consideration and adoption of the resolutions, and introduced Thomas Raeburn White, chairman of the Committee on Resolutions.

Mr. White said:

LADIES AND GENTLEMEN: I have the honor to present the following resolutions for adoption by this meeting, as the platform of this Convention. As you will see when I have read them, the thought of the Committee on Resolutions was that the formulation of the principles that we should adopt ought to be directed more particularly to the next steps to be taken towards international arbitration, rather than a general expression of opinions on the peace question at large. The resolutions which we offer are the following:

RESOLUTIONS SUGGESTED BY THE COMMITTEE ON
RESOLUTIONS.

We express our profound satisfaction in the long record of the United States as an advocate of International Arbitration, and in the great number of cases in which it has secured an honorable settlement of serious difficulties without a resort to war. We especially commend the admirable course of our Government at the Second International Peace Conference at The Hague, and pledge our active and cordial support to every effort to fulfill the recommendations of that conference. There are no other means by which our Nation can render so great a

service to humanity, or do so much for the moral development and material prosperity of its own citizens.

The difficulties which have hitherto prevented a general agreement for the limitation of national armaments should not be permitted to obscure the plain reasonableness and the imperative necessity for further efforts in that direction. Modern conditions have made it impossible for any of the leading nations to add materially to their relative military or naval strength, because every addition to the fighting force of one country leads at once to a corresponding increase in the other countries, and these secondary increases are made to serve in their turn as conclusive arguments for still greater and still more injurious and demoralizing expenditures and efforts by all the powers. It is obvious that this self-multiplying and self-perpetuating process can end only in physical and financial exhaustion, unless it can be halted by some kind of mutual understanding or agreement, and we therefore emphatically endorse the recommendation of The Hague Conference, that the serious study of this vital problem should be again undertaken by all the nations.

We strongly approve the proposal to establish an international prize court at The Hague. We realize the injustice of the present system, by which neutral vessels accused of violating the laws of war are judged in the courts of the captor, and by which foreign citizens unjustly deprived of their property can seek redress only through the expensive, unsatisfactory, and wearisome method of diplomatic intervention. We welcome the proposed court not only as providing a speedy and equitable method of adjusting one class of international disputes, but as a happy augury of a more complete system of world judicature to be established in future. We believe that the United States will honor itself by providing for appeals from its courts to the international prize court; and, affirming our belief in the constitutionality of the measure, we urge the United States Senate to speedily ratify the convention, without waiting for a world agreement relative to the laws concerning maritime captures, believing that the jurists who shall compose the court can be trusted to decide the law in such cases in full accord with the principles of "justice and equity."

We especially congratulate the United States delegation to The Hague upon its distinguished service in securing the recommendation of the establishment of an international court of arbitral justice in the form agreed upon as soon as an agreement shall have been reached upon the selection of the judges and the constitution of the court." We call attention to the fact that the recommendation, naming no number of powers who must consent, leaves it open for the court to be established at The Hague so soon as three or more nations shall agree upon the method of selecting the judges. Until such a court is created, to which the nations of the earth may resort with the assurance that their

disputes will be judicially considered and rightly decided, resort to the law of violence will be in some cases inevitable.

We strongly urge the United States Government to take every action which it may deem expedient to secure the consent of two or more other nations to establish this great world court, believing that in this way it is now possible to render a most signal and memorable service to all mankind.

We urge as a matter of primary importance that there shall be a general adoption of the proposal that conferences similar to this shall be held in every State of the Union, for promoting the universal acceptance of the principles of international arbitration, and the establishment of permanent courts of justice for the nations, as the only practical means to ensure the blessings of peace, by making wars improbable, and ultimately impossible, in the civilized world. Such conferences will serve as the organizers and representatives of public opinion in their respective states. Their executive committees, acting together through delegates or otherwise, will exert a powerful influence in supporting the efforts of our National Government, and in other ways will promote the cause of international arbitration at home and abroad.

The president of this Conference is hereby requested and empowered to appoint an Executive Committee of twenty-five, with power to add to, and to fill vacancies in, its own number. It shall be the duty of the said Executive Committee to act as the representative of this Conference for the continuance of its work and the promotion of its objects, and for those purposes it is authorized in its discretion to confer and co-operate with other bodies or committees or individuals from any part of the United States or other countries. It is also empowered to call another meeting of this Conference, or to organize a State association for similar purposes, if it shall at any time find that such action will be advisable.

THE CHAIRMAN: We will now hear from Rev. J. H. DeForest, of Japan.

MR. DEFOREST said: "In view of the fact that some of our people and many of our journals have made malicious misrepresentations of Japan, it seems to me that the Japanese will expect from this Peace Conference some resolutions of friendship towards them. Those I have drawn up may not be what you want at all, but if you will take these or some other resolutions which shall represent the sympathy of this body with the people of Japan, it will be received with great acclamation, and published in all their papers."