Suretyship. Assistant Professor MUMMA. Two hours a week. Ames'

Cases on Suretyship.

Equity II. Professor STAFFORD. Two hours a week. Ames' Cases on Equity Jurisdiction.

Moot Court. Professors CLEPHANE, EARNEST, and PETER. Two hours a week.

Wills and Administration. Professor PETER. One hour a week.
Legal Tactics and Ethics. Professor CLEPHANE. One hour a week.
Extraordinary Legal Remedies. Professor
One hour a

week.

B. LEADING TO THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS.

Students admitted as candidates for the degree of Master of Laws are required to elect subjects, not previously taken, covering a minimum of ten hours a week. These may be freely elected from the subjects offered by the Faculty of Law and from the following subjects given in the College of the Political Sciences:

International Law.

Comparative Constitutional Law.

Administrative Law.

Private Rights and Immunities under the Constitution.
Taxation.

Any excess credits obtained in this Law School in the course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Laws may be applied toward the Master's degree. The degree of Master of Laws will not be conferred, however, until one year after the receipt of the Bachelor's degree.

Advanced Practice.-Candidates for the Master's degree may also elect advanced practice work in the Moot Court, receiving therefor a credit of two hours for the year.

C. LEADING TO THE Degree of master of PATENT LAW.

A special course in Patent Law and Patent Law Practice is given by Professor Church. The purpose of this course is to prepare those taking it for practice in all matters involving the law of patents. The course extends throughout one year, with two lectures or sessions of the Moot Court each week. (For the admission requirements for this course, see page 5.)

D. LEADING TO THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF

JURISPRUDENCE.

The work for this degree is similar in character, method, and scope to that required for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, and is under the

control of the University Faculty of Graduate Studies. See the General Catalogue of the University.

1. Third Year:

COURSES IN PRACTICE.

A. MOOT COURT WORK.

Particular stress is laid upon Moot Court work. Aside from the practice court connected with the course in Patent Law, there are four courts in which undergraduate students pursue their work. Three of these are nisi prius courts and are presided over by members of the Washington Bar in active practice. The fourth is a Court of Appeals to review the cases tried in the courts of first instance. This court is composed of the Chief Justice of the United States Court of Claims and of members of the Washington Bar.

Every third-year student before receiving the Bachelor's degree is required to prepare the pleadings in and prosecute to judgment the required number of cases in the nisi prius courts, with the privilege of appeal to the appellate tribunal. At least two hours in each week during the year must be spent by each third-year student in active participation in Moot Court work in the court-room to which he is assigned.

Statements of facts are furnished, such as would be related to a lawyer in active practice by his client. Each student must determine whether or not upon such facts the particular case in hand is one of common law or equitable cognizance. He must then frame his pleadings, serve his writs, and answer his adversary's pleadings until issue is joined in legal manner, after which the case is brought on for hearing in strict accordance with the rules of actual practice. Juries are empaneled in accordance with settled legal procedure, witnesses are examined and cross-examined, and the case conducted through all the various stages of the trial or hearing down to and including the judgment or decree, after which, should the case be appealed, it must be carried through the appellate court, involving the preparation of the record on appeal, briefs of counsel, etc.

2. Fourth Year:

The same facilities for Moot Court work as are described above are afforded in the course leading to the degree of Master of Laws. In this course, however, the nature of the cases assigned is somewhat different, involving, in addition to the ordinary cases at common law or in equity, cases of a special character, such as habeas corpus, certiorari, quo warranto, injunction, mandamus, extradition, replevin, attachment, etc.

3. Officers and Equipment:

The clerk of the Moot Court is one of the assistant clerks of the Supreme Court of the District of Columbia, but his assistants in each court-room are chosen from the student body, from whose ranks are also drawn the criers, jurors, and other officials, thus giving to the students the benefit of practice in administrative judicial machinery. The Moot Court is to all intents and purposes an actual court. The rooms in which the sessions are held are fitted up with judges' benches, clerks' desks, jury-boxes, and counsel table, and from the time the crier announces that the court is in session until he announces its adjournment the procedure is identical with that of a regular judicial tribunal.

It is believed that any student who gives the proper attention to this feature of the law curriculum will be enabled to go out from this institution and creditably try cases in court, although he may never have been in an actual court-room.

A careful record is kept of the work of each student, both as to his pleadings and his conduct of the case in court, and the ratings thus given determine, in connection with his ratings upon other subjects, whether or not he is entitled to a degree.

B. BRIEF MAKING.

In view of the rapidly increasing bulk of our case law, it becomes absolutely indispensable that students should be taught to find authorities in point, to collate them, and to present them to the court in a clear and concise form. In order to afford this training a course in Brief Making is given. This course will be conducted in part in the Library of the Department of Law, so that the use of the digests and reports may be illustrated.

C. PREPARATION OF LEGAL INSTRUMENTS.

Students are instructed in this course in the actual preparation of deeds, mortgages, wills, assignments, contracts, partnership agreements, and other legal instruments which a lawyer is called upon to prepare. Statements of facts are furnished to the class by the professor in charge, and each student is required to prepare the various forms of instruments. These are corrected by the professor and are discussed and citicised in class. Careful consideration is given to special forms of execution and acknowledgment when one of the parties to the instrument is a corporation, a partnership, a married woman, and the like.

D. LEGAL TACTICS AND ETHICS.

Every young lawyer entering upon his professional career is desirous of availing himself of the experience of an older practitioner and of

learning many things which are not taught and cannot be taught from books. It is to meet the needs of this class of men that this course is given. It is in charge of a member of the Washington Bar whose practice has been an active one, extending over a period of many years. A short introductory talk is given upon the relations between attorney and client, including the important subject of fees, after which the student is given the benefit of practical hints upon the manner of starting in practice and opening and furnishing an office, with suggestions as to office systems. Advice is given as to selecting a law library, the best way to find authorities in point, and how such authorities should be used in court.

The student is told how to listen intelligently to his client's grievances; how to draw up the pleadings arising out of these grievances; how to prepare for trial the case thus made, including the work of preparing the evidence; how to try the case and examine and crossexamine witnesses; the manner of making up the record, and conducting the argument on appeal. The Canons of Professional Ethics adopted by the American Bar Association are studied in this course. At various times during the year distinguished lawyers are invited to appear and discuss informally special topics of interest to the students.

EXAMINATIONS AND GRADES.

A. UNDERGRADUATE COURSES.

Regular Examinations:

Written examinations are held at the close of each semester. All students, unless specially excused by the Dean, are required to take the first examination held after the completion of any subject.

No student, except by special permission of the Dean, will be allowed to take an examination in any subject unless he shall be regularly registered and have been in regular attendance upon the lectures and have done all the work required in the course of instruction upon that subject.

Grades:

At all examinations the grading of students will be indicated by the letters A, B, C, D, E, and F, representing, respectively, excellent, good, satisfactory, fair, conditioned, and failed.

Conditions:

A student receiving the grade of E (conditioned), in the regular examination in any course, will be given an opportunity to remove the condition by passing a subsequent examination with the grade of C or better.

The regular examinations for the removal of conditions will be held during the first week of each session. Applications for permission to take any of these examinations must be made to the Secretary of the Department of Law, in writing, not later than three days before the date for which such examination is scheduled. Candidates for the Bachelor's degree may, by action of the Faculty, be granted special examinations in not more than two subjects carried as conditions during the first semester of their last year, at the end of that semester, and in one subject carried as a condition during the second semester, at the end of that year.

A student receiving the grade of F (failed), in any examination, or the grade of D or E in any examination to pass off a condition in any course, will be required to take the course over again before being permitted to take another examination in such course.

Class Standing:

Students having conditions in more than two subjects will not be advanced from one class to another, nor will candidates for a degree be permitted to carry more than one condition into the second semester of the year in which they expect to be graduated. Students may have, however (subject to the provisions above enumerated), an opportunity to remove conditions, imposed during any session, by taking the regular examination for the removal of conditions at the beginning of the following session, for which no fee is charged.

Students having conditions in more than three subjects will not be allowed to register except upon special permission from the Dean.

Special Examinations:

No special examinations, other than those above provided for, will be granted to any students except those of the graduating class who, for good cause, shall have been excused by the Dean from taking any regular examination during the third year.

Attendance:

Regular attendance is required in all courses; and the examination grade of any student in any course may be withheld and the passing of another examination or the repetition of the course may be required on the sole ground of unsatisfactory attendance.

Election of Courses:

No student shall be allowed to register in courses aggregating more than fifteen hours during any one semester without first obtaining the permission of the Faculty.

Every student who is a candidate for graduation with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in his third year shall take and pass in each semester of his third year courses aggregating ten hours.