that an effort has already been made to encourage the adoption of a standard schedule. A national committee on standard schedule was appointed last September and it is now at work on a plan for uniform reporting; a tentative draft is already completed. To the rather meager information specifically required as a minimum under the various laws, the state officials are encouraged to add as many facts as possible through the use of more elaborate blanks or by special investigations. One year's experience in securing this information in half a dozen states should indicate whether the standard schedule now in preparation is practicable for general use among physicians. Already, in several states, information of great significance has been secured by state authorities under this law, and individual physicians as well as boards of health are preparing for the study and prevention of occupational diseases.

Similar legislation will be urged by the American Association for Labor Legislation until all of the main industrial states are included.

More complete data with reference to industrial accidents was required by law last year in thirteen states and for the United States. There is an apparent tendency to require the notification of practically all accidents rather than merely serious or fatal ones. Supplemental reports, moreover, are now required in a large number of states after the expiration of a specified period following the accident.

JOHN B. ANDREWS.

State Fire Prevention. That fire prevention is firmly established as a state function is proved by the rapidity with which state legislatures, confronted by the enormous figures representing the fire losses of the country, are creating state bureaus for fire prevention. Of the twenty-five existing state fire marshals, eight hold their office under enactments of 1911,-in Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania and West Virginia.

A separate analysis of these new laws would be superfluous. There is a great similarity in certain of their details, such as: the organization of the state office; rules for investigating and reporting fires; powers of state and local officers in the performance of their duties; fees and mileage; annual reports; etc. Certain variations and additions occur. Fees granted to local officers, not already salaried officers, vary slightly, as does mileage. In Michigan, fire insurance companies are required to report all fire losses to the state bureau, this distinctly in addition to similar reports made to any other state office. The

Governor appoints the state fire marshal in Iowa, Minnesota, New York, Oklahoma and Pennsylvania,-in Minnesota with the consent of the senate, and in Iowa if the candidate fulfils the condition of "being versed in the cause of fires and having a knowledge of improved methods of preventing fires." The Governor also has the power of removal in Iowa and Oklahoma. In Michigan, the state insurance commissioner is state fire marshal, ex-officio; in Montana and West Virginia, the fire marshal is appointed by that officer and under his control.

Educative work in the public schools is a feature of the Iowa, Michigan and Pennsylvania laws, and, in Montana, is embodied in a separate act, also of 1911. These provisions, include the issuance by the state fire marshal of books or bulletins of instruction on fires and fire prevention for the use of the pupils and teachers; fire drills in the schools; and regular instruction in the schools on fire causes and prevention.

In the matter of the annual report to be submitted by the state fire marshal, we find, that, in New York, that officer shall include in his report any recommendations for amending the fire prevention law, which he thinks fit; and in Pennsylvania, the law distinctly commands him to recommend legislation, on or before January 1, 1913, which shall include drafts of two acts, one for a standard building code and the other for a standard fire insurance policy.

In other respects, also, the 1911 fire legislation of these two states is distinctive. The scope of the New York law is so broad and well defined, as to deserve particular mention. It includes in addition to prevention and investigation of fires and suppression of arson, supervision over storage, sale or use of combustibles and explosives; installation and maintenance of automatic or other fire extinguishing equipment; steam boilers; construction, regulation and maintenance of fire escapes; means and adequacy of exits from factories, asylums, theaters, etc. It is also interesting to note that the fire prevention sections of the charter of Greater New York were re-enacted in 1911 on broader lines. This will supplement the state law which does not apply to New York City except that the city fire marshal shall submit to the state fire marshal such reports as the latter may require.

Pennsylvania, in addition to the law creating the state bureau passed three other laws on other questions of fire prevention, one dealing with fire marshals in cities of the first class, the second giving the fire marshal of a city control over moving picture exhibitions, and

the third, with a more direct bearing on the state system, providing that every fire insurance company in the state shall report annually to the state fire marshal the total amount said company has at risk in policies of insurance issued by it, and that fire insurance rating bureaus shall supply on request, or permit to be copied, data on the physical condition of properties in the state.

In New York, Pennsylvania, Iowa, Michigan and West Virginia the state does not impose a tax on the fire insurance companies for the financial support of the state fire prevention bureaus, although, in Michigan, the cost of the bureau is defrayed out of the funds provided by the retaliatory fees. But the old idea still prevails in the laws of Minnesota, Montana and Oklahoma and in each of these states, a tax of of 1 per centum of the gross premium receipts of fire insurance companies is exacted to be devoted to the expenses of carrying on the work of the state fire marshal.

ETHEL CLELAND.

NEWS AND NOTES: PERSONAL AND

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL

EDITED BY W. F. DODD

Mr. Harold D. Hazeltine of Cambridge University will lecture next year at Columbia University on the history of English law.

Dr. Edward M. Sait has been promoted to an assistant professorship of politics in Columbia University.

Mr. H. A. Yeomans has been promoted to an assistant professorship of government in Harvard University.

Judge John D. Lawson has resigned the deanship of the school of law of the University of Missouri, in order to devote more time to writing. Judge Lawson will continue as professor of contract and international law.

Prof. Frank A. Updyke of Dartmouth College has been elected a member of the New Hampshire constitutional convention which will meet in June of this year.

Prof. Arnold B. Hall of the University of Wisconsin will shortly publish a college text book entitled, An Introduction to the Study of the Law.

Mr. Herbert Croly, author of The Promise of American Life, is to deliver the Godkin lectures at Harvard University next autumn.

Mr. F. M. Eliot has been appointed instructor in municipal government at Harvard University.

The Macmillan Company announce that a volume on The Government of American Cities by Prof. W. B. Munro is now in the press and will be issued in the early summer. It will be uniform

with the author's earlier volume on The Government of European Cities.

A volume entitled Public Opinion and Popular Government by President A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard University is announced for publication by Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. It will deal chiefly with direct legislation in the United States.

Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey has recently appointed Prof. Henry Jones Ford of Princeton University to the position of State Commissioner of Banking and Insurance.

Frederick H. Cooke, the author of important treatises on the law of combinations, monopolies and labor unions (2nd ed., Chicago, 1909) and the commerce clause of the federal constitution (New York, 1908), and a frequent contributor to legal periodicals, died on January 11, 1912, at his home in Brooklyn, N. Y.

Prof. Raymond Saleilles of the University of Paris died recently. Professor Saleilles was probably best known in this country by his Individualization of Punishment, which has recently been published in English translation in the Modern Criminal Science Series.

After completing the duties of the Roosevelt Exchange professorship in Berlin, Prof. Paul S. Reinsch is spending the present semester in Munich.

Prof. George Elliott Howard of the University of Nebraska will teach in the summer school of the University of Wisconsin.

Professor Munroe Smith of Columbia University delivered this winter a course of sixteen lectures on the data and principles of jurisprudence before the graduate students of the department of political science at Johns Hopkins University.

Prof. Robert C. Brooks of the University of Cincinnati has accepted the professorship of political science in Swarthmore College.

Prof. Albert Bushnell Hart of Harvard University has been serving during the second half of this school year as exchange professor