years at Quincy. He lived to an advanced age and saw his son, John Quincy Adams, elected to the presidency in 1824. John Quincy Adams, 1767-1848. The sixth president of the United States, and the son of President John Adams, was born at Braintree, Massachusetts, and died at Washington, D. C. He was graduated from Harvard and admitted to the bar. Few public men have had a career so varied or so continuously useful. He was minister of the United States, at different times, to the Netherlands, to Prussia, Russia, and England; United States senator from Massachusetts; professor of rhetoric and oratory at Harvard; and Secretary of State under Monroe, whom he succeeded as President of the United States. Not long after his defeat by Andrew Jackson for a second term, he was elected a member of the lower house in Congress from Massachusetts, and served in that place with conspicuous vigor until his death seventeen years later. With the exception of Andrew Johnson, he is the only man in American politics who was ever elected to public office after retiring from the presidency. J. Q. Adams was born before the Revolution, was graduated from college before Washington became president, and yet lived long enough to take an active part in the angry slavery debates which ushered in the Civil War. Samuel Adams, 1722-1803. - He was born in of his life there, and there he died and was buried. and pen he aroused, inflamed, and organized in spirit of opposition to British rule in the colonies. He was a man who hungered and thirsted for the independence of his country," said Webster. Adams was graduated from Harvard and entered business. His life, however, was mostly devoted to public affairs. Like Patrick Henry, and like his distant relative, John Adams, he quickly raised his voice against the stamp act. He was a delegate to the first Continental Congress, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and later in life governor of Massachusetts. K. C. Babcock, 1864– Boston, lived most Born at Brookfield, New York; was graduated from the University of Minnesota, and later studied at Harvard; taught history at several institutions, and was specialist in higher education in the United States Bureau of Education when called to the deanship at the University of Illinois in 1913. He is the author of two volumes the Rise of American Nationality and the Scandinavian Element in the United States. George Bancroft, 1800-1891. Born at Worcester, Massachusetts, and died at Washington, D. C. He was graduated from Harvard, and later studied in Germany. His early resolve to become a historian was fully carried out, in spite of many interruptions. The first volume - of his History of the United States appeared in 1834, and the last of the ten volumes just fifty years later. While secretary of the navy under President Polk, he planned and established the Naval Academy at Annapolis. He served at different times as minister of the United States to Great Britain, to Russia, and to Germany. Albert J. Beveridge, 1862Born in Ohio, studied law, and removed to Indiana. When he entered the United States Senate in 1899, his oratorical gifts, added to habits of thorough investigation, made him at once a prominent figure. After several years of political activity, he turned to the writing of biography. His best known work is a Life of John Marshall. William Bradford, 1590-1657. Edward Winslow, 1595-1655. Bradford was born in Yorkshire, England, and died at Plymouth, Massachusetts. Early in life he joined the colony of English Puritans who settled in Holland to avoid religious persecution in England, and with this colony he came to the New World. He soon became governor of the Plymouth colony, and held the office the greater part of his life. He was more, however, than a competent executive. He was a wide reader, versed in many languages, and left in manuscript a History of Plymouth Plantation which has proved a storehouse of reliable information for future historians. He has been called the father of American history. Winslow was born in Worcestershire, England, and died at sea in the West Indies while returning from a bootless expedition under Admiral Penn against the Spaniards. He came of a cultivated family. While travelling on the continent, he met the Pilgrims in Holland, linked his fortunes with theirs, and sailed with them in the Mayflower. Besides serving as the governor of Plymouth colony, and as a successful treaty-maker with the Indians, he found time to handle his pen in defense of the colonies against attacks in England, and in setting forth to English readers the new life of Englishmen in the wilderness. Phillips Brooks, 1835-1893. Born and died in Boston, Massachusetts. He was graduated from Harvard, and later studied theology at the Episcopal Seminary at Alexandria, Virginia. After serving as rector of churches in Philadelphia, he was called to the rectorship of Trinity Church in Boston, where he preached to large congregations for more than twenty years. He was elected bishop of the Protestant Episcopal diocese of Massachusetts in 1891. Henry Armitt Brown, 1844-1878. Philadelphia; a graduate of Yale. Charles Manly Busbee, 1845–1909. Lawyer and orator; born in family long identified with law and politics in North Carolina. He was born, lived, and died in Raleigh. His college career at the State University at Chapel Hill was interrupted by the call to arms. He was an officer in the Confederate service, and after the war engaged in the practice of law. Nicholas Murray Butler, 1862– - President Butler of Columbia University was born at Elizabeth, New Jersey. He was graduated from Columbia and later studied in Berlin and Paris. Since 1902 he has been president of Columbia and has guided its magnificent growth. Many high honorary degrees have been conferred upon him and he is a member of numerous learned societies. Much of his talent and energy has also been devoted to public affairs. General Carter was long a William Harding Carter, 1851commander of cavalry in the United States army. He was born at Nashville, Tennessee, and was educated at West Point. He received a medal of honor for services in action against the Indians; he also saw service in the Philippines. of old colonial stock. After being graduated from Harvard — from both the college and the law school he was admitted to the bar in New York City, where he had a long and distinguished career as a lawyer and as a public spirited citizen. From 1899 to 1905 he was ambassador of the United States to Great Britain, and he was a delegate to the first peace conference at the Hague. As a witty, brilliant after-dinner speaker, as well as a speaker on more formal occassions, he had few equals. His sudden death followed closely the enthusiastic receptions given by the city of New York in May, 1917, to Mr. Balfour and the other members of the mission from England and to Field Marshal Joffre and his French compatriots. On these two occasions Mr. Choate made several addresses as the spokesman of the people of the city. Many who heard him said he spoke with unusual fire, despite the fact that he was in his eighty-fifth year. It was the last flash of a brilliant and noble mind. Henry Clay, 1777–1852. Henry Clay, the son of a Baptist clergyman, was born in that part of Hanover County, Virginia, which is known as "the Slashes." His admirers sometimes spoke of him as "The Mill Boy of the Slashes.” He died in Washington, D. C. After receiving a country school education, he studied law, and removed to Lexington, Kentucky, to practice his profession. His attractive personality and native eloquence soon led him into politics. Starting as a member of the Kentucky legislature, he later was elected to both the National House and Senate; was speaker of the House for several terms; was Secretary of State under J. Q. Adams; and was twice nominated and twice defeated for the presidency, first by Jackson and later by Polk. Clay is commonly spoken of as the father of the American protective tarriff system. His name is also linked with several compromise measures which postponed, but did not settle, the slavery question. The breadth of his sympathies is shown by his speeches in favor of Grecian independence (for which the poet Byron gave his life), and by his pleas for the recognition of South American republics. He also strongly advocated a system of internal improvements, such as the opening of waterways and the building of roads and canals. He foresaw the future growth of empire in the west. Grover Cleveland, 1837-1908. The twenty-second President of the United States was born at Caldwell, Essex County, New Jersey, and died at Princeton, where he had resided after retiring from the presidency in 1897. He was of New England descent, the son of a Presbyterian clergyman. After receiving an academic education at Clinton, New York, where his father held a pastoral charge, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in Buffalo, where he practiced his profession for many years. After Mr. Cleveland's entry into politics, the rapidity of his rise was startling. From the mayor's chair in Buffalo, he went directly to Albany as governor of New York, and during his term as governor was elected President of the United States in 1884. He was renominated in 1888, but suffered defeat. Again he was nominated in 1892, and elected by a large plurality. Few men in public life have illustrated by their careers, in so clear a fashion as Mr. Cleveland did, that "public office is a public trust." J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur, 1731-1813. - This interesting agriculturist and writer was born and died in France. He emigrated to America during the French and Indian War, and settled on a farm near New York City. In 1780 he published a volume called Letters from an American Farmer, which was translated into French. It influenced many French families to migrate to America. He was French Consul at New York from 1783 to 1793, when he returned to France. Rudolph Cronau, 1855– - Author, artist, publicist. He was born at Solingen, Germany, and came to America in 1880. He has done much newspaper work, and in addition has written several books about America. The most notable of these is Our Wasteful Nation, in which he points out vividly how wasteful this nation is of its soil, its water power, its minerals, and its forests. Samuel Davies, 1724-1761. Clergyman, college president, patriot. Samuel Davies was born in Newcastle County, Delaware, and died at Princeton, New Jersey. Much of his life was spent in preaching and in organizing the Presbyterian Church in Virginia. He succeeded Jonathan Edwards as president of Princeton, and died there two years later. A portrait of him hangs in Nassau Hall at Princeton. Charles Devens, 1820-1891. Soldier and lawyer. He was born at Charlestown, Massachusetts, was graduated from Harvard in the same class with James Russell Lowell, and left the practice of the law to enter the Union army. He fought in many of the great battles of the war. At Chancellorsville, in 1863, where he led a division, he was badly wounded. After the war he resumed the practice of the law, becoming later a justice of the supreme court of Massachusetts, and Attorney-General in the Cabinet of President Hayes. General Devens belonged to that gallant band of Harvard men who gave their energies and lives so freely to the cause of the Union. Others in this group were Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Robert Gould Shaw, Charles Russell Lowell, Charles Francis Adams, Jr., and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., all conspicuous for ability, breeding, and courage. George Washington Doane, 1799-1859. Bishop Doane was born at Trenton, New Jersey, and died at Burlington, in the same state. He was graduated from Union College, held a professorship for a time in Trinity College, Connecticut, and was later elected Protestant Episcopal bishop of New Jersey. Charles W. Eliot, 1834 - The president-emeritus of Harvard University was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was graduated from Harvard, where he taught mathematics and chemistry before going abroad to make a special study of chemistry. On his return, he was appointed professor of chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; and a few years later was chosen president of Harvard. This position he filled with notable distinction until his voluntary retirement in 1909. He has been not only a leader in educational thought, but has written and spoken much on civic affairs. His utterances always command attention, no matter what subject his clear and candid mind may touch. Mr. Eliot declined the appointment of United States Ambassador to the Court of St. James, offered by both President Taft and President Wilson. It is doubtful if this incident has a parallel in American diplomatic history. By common consent, Mr. Eliot is one of the first citizens of the Republic. Ralph Waldo Emerson, 1803-1882. - Poet, philosopher, and patriot, Emerson was born in Boston, Massachusetts, near the spot where Franklin was born nearly a century earlier, and died at Concord (near Boston), where he spent the most of his life. He sprang from a race of scholars and clergymen what Oliver Wendell Holmes humorously called "The Brahmin Caste" of New England. He was graduated from Harvard, where he was class-day poet. After a few years spent |