and the army right quickly began to show the effect of his laborious efforts. This drilling and training of the men began in early spring. Mr. Carroll spent the entire time from late in February till nearly the first of May with the army. He saw the result on the men; both in exhilaration of spirits and in the increased efficiency shown. Young Tilghman was delighted, and as he was from Mr. Carroll's state and a close relative of one of his co-workers in the senate Mr. Carroll was pleased also on his account. General Washington, who always shared confidences with his fellow officers, and gave due weight to all their suggestions was pleased at his enthusiasm and gave due credit to Colonel Tilghman for having so earnestly urged the bringing over of such a man as Steuben. One of Steuben's main troubles was in the pronunciation of his name. Steuben raved at having his name pronounced as spelled and did'nt like the accent on the last syllable. "He would say I am not a Stew nor yet a Ben" and then he would pronounce it as if it were spelled "Stoiban" with accent on the "Stoi." But it was no use; to the soldiers "Steuben " he was and "Steuben" he remained.

Mr. Carroll arrived at Vally Forge a couple of days in advance of Steuben and was on hand to help receive him. His proficiency in the French and German languages made him useful in presenting the newcomer to his comrades, and in explaining conditions so novel to the European as to make them almost inexplicable. But Steuben was likable and pleasing in all things. He took in the situation and at once went enthusiastically at his work.

About the time of the arrival of Steuben and Mr. Carroll at Valley Forge a condition arose which gave General Washington great concern. He was a man with a keen sense of justice and shrunk from exercis

ing an arbitrary power to the loss of some one else. He was clothed by Congress with authority to seize food and to exercise such power as might be necessary in providing for the needs of the army; but always hesitated about exercising that arbitrary power. But now food was absolutely necessary. The Pennsylvania farmers were not only Loyalists to a great extent but, the gold and silver of Howe was too much of a temptation to be ignored. So with only paper money to offer, his quartermasters could not secure provisions of any kind from the farmers. Under these circumstances detachments were sent out in every direction and scoured the country for food. They found enough to meet pressing requirements much to the disgust of the thrifty farmers who were smuggling it to Howe whenever opportunity offered.

While actual sufferings were being so heroically endured at Valley Forge the officers were constantly regaled with stories of the regal entertainments Howe and his officers were giving. With supplies in profusion from abroad, the wine cellars of rich Philadelphians at his command, and the farmers bringing in their produce, the British in Philadelphia were enjoying the best that two continents could afford, and they capped the climax of festivities in May by giving the "Mischianza," a great pagent and regatta during the day and a ball at night. Lurid accounts of their doings reached the patriots in Valley Forge and did not tend to make them more contented. But they did enjoy one big piece of news. On the very day the British officers, twenty-two miles away, were celebrating “the Mischianza" Washington received the news of the signing of the treaty with France. The ragged and tattered troops under directions of the assiduous Steuben were paraded and as they displayed their newly acquired efficiency in drill they

received the announcement of the good news from Paris. The French officers, of whom there were many in camp, headed by young LaFayette, received the thanks, good wishes and congratulations of the American officers and the men cheered and cried out "Long live the King of France," "long live the Friendly Powers of Europe," and the French officers echoed back "long live the United States of America" and "Long live General Washington, the Commanderin-Chief of their forces." Mr. Carroll who had returned to his seat in Congress at York missed this scene but he had full accounts of it in letters from his friends.