give thanks for the victory that had crowned the efforts of the Colonial forces.

As Mr. Carroll was about to start for Philadelphia news came that Gen. Clinton with a heavy fleet and half his army from New York was in Chesapeake Bay. He had arrived too late to save Cornwallis but it was feared that he could lay waste Maryland cities liable to attack by sea. But the panic in Maryland was soon quieted for finding efforts in behalf of Cornwallis useless and fearful that the French fleet aiding the Americans might attack New York the British abandoned the Chesapeake as suddenly as it had appeared and returned to the defense of New York.

Mr. Carroll believed that the surrender of Cornwallis would end the war and so assured his neighbors and associates.

But letters from Tilghman said that Washington was preparing for another campaign and as winter was approaching provisions must be made for supplying the troops with food till next spring.

Mr. Carroll read every item of news from England with the greatest interest. He heard of the downfall of Lord North's ministry with great satisfaction and hoped for a speedy termination of hostilities. But he realized that our own affairs were so complicated with those of France that a treaty of peace would have to be made with both France and the United States at the same time. This delay meant that the troops must be paid and fed. It would not do to assume that the war was over and relax a single effort. All were agreed on that.

On the 4th of March 1782 the House of Commons practically resolved against further effort to prosecute the war in North America. But still the treaty of peace was not signed and the troops must be kept ready for action. At the beginning of this year not a

dollar was in the National Treasury. Soldiers and contractors clamored for money and Washington was almost discouraged. But Mr. Carroll and his associates realized that the Maryland boys had to be looked after and did their best to make the army hardships as light as possible. The feeling that it was nearly over and that all would soon return to their homes made the delays even more irritating.

But finally news came that the treaty had been signed, peace reigned and the army would be disbanded. On the 19th of April 1782, just eight years from the date of the battle of Lexington which began the struggle, a proclamation was issued to the army declaring that the war was over.

Though in no sense a bigot Mr. Carroll always delighted in recalling the part which people of the Catholic faith took in achieving our independence. In connection with the close of the war it has been sometimes recalled but not often if ever printed that nearly if not quite 70 per cent of the men who won the battle of Yorktown for our cause and practically ended the war with Great Britain were men professing the Roman Catholic religion. At first glance you wonder how this could be knowing that the Catholics at the time formed but a small per cent of the population. But you will recall that the Army of Count Rochambeau of about 8,000 and the men in De Grasse fleet some 2,000 were Catholic while Washington's Army numbered some 10,000 of whom many were Irish, French and Colonial Catholics. So it is well within bounds to say that 70 per cent of the force that captured Cornwallis was made up of Catholics.

Joseph Galloway of Philadelphia who held various offices under the crown before the Parliamentary Commission in London of which Burke was chairman, when asked if the rebel army was made up of native

Americans replied: The names and places of nativity were taken down and I can answer with precision nearly one-half were Irish Catholic, one-fourth were Scotch and English and one-fourth native Americans.'

Major General Robertson the British Commander testifying before the same Commission said "I remember General Lee telling me that half the rebel army were Irish Catholics."

CHAPTER XXI

EARLY DAYS OF PEACE-THE NEW GOVERNMENT

- MR CARROLL A UNITED STATES SENATOR

Peace being restored, Mr. Carroll felt the necessity for giving some of his time to his business affairs. The Baltimore Iron Works received attention first. A letter from the manager, Mr. Clement Brooke, was transmitted to the stockholders with the observation that "the works if carried on with spirit, and managed to the greatest advantage, might certainly be made profitable; at present they hardly clear themselves. How to improve so improvable an estate, is the object of the proposed meeting." At the meeting a new policy was inaugurated that proved profitable.

As usual on the meeting of the the Assembly Nov. 3rd there was no quorum of the Senate. In fact Charles Carroll of Carrollton was the only Senator on hand. After waiting some days he left the city and on the day of the quorum the 22nd, was not there but returned to his seat a day or two later. The Chevalier d'Annemous, Consul General of France came to Annapolis to adjust some matters between his office and the state. Charles Carroll of Carrollton and George Plater represented the Senate on the committee which made these adjustments.

An address to General Washington was issued by a committee of the Senate and House. Charles Carroll of Carrollton and John Henry represented the Senate and Mr. Carroll performed most of the work of preparing the address. Daniel Carroll, President of the Senate, being ill, it was necessary to elect a new President and Charles Carroll of Carrollton was selected.

At this session The Susquehanna Consul was incorporated with Samuel Hughes, Augustine Washington, Henry Lee, Charles Carroll of Carrollton and others as proprietors.

John Henry and Charles Carroll of Carrollton were the members of a joint committee to prepare and present an address to General Lafayette, which was done.

Some years before a company had been formed under the name of The Potomac Company, the object being to open and extend the navigation of the Potomac River. The war had retarded this work but now it was deemed desirable to take it up again. For this purpose the Assembly appointed a committee composed of Thomas Stone, Samuel Hughes and Charles Carroll. The State of Virginia appointed General Washington and Gen. Gates and these formed the joint committee of the two States. This committee perfected the plans and a new Potomac Company was organized with Gen. Washington as president and the Stoles of Virginia and Maryland each subscribed for stock. A road was also to be built from the head waters of the Potomac to the Ohio River, a distance of forty miles.

A credit bill was passed but it did not meet the approval of Mr. Carroll who filed a sharp dissenting opinion.

The disputed boundary between Maryland and Virginia had not been settled. A committee was named to meet a similar committee from Virginia. Instructions to the Maryland members were prepared by a committee of which Mr. Carroll was chairman. This joint committee met at Alexandria, adjourned to Mt. Vernon and there formed the commercial compact which finally led to the commercial union that ultimately resulted in the convention which formed the