CHARACTERES SPECIERUM.

* EQUITES ACHIVI (Swallow tails).

Alis anticis ab

angulo postico ad apicem longioribus quam ad basin; posticis ocello ad angulum ani utrinque.

P. E. A. (the Swallow-tail) alis caudatis concoloribus flavis, Machaon. limbo fusco lunulis flavis, angulo ani fulvo.

Hübner

Linn. Faun Suec. 1031.-Linn. Syst. Nat. tom. 2.750. 33.—
Gmel. Syst. Nat. tom. 1. p. 2238.-Turt. Syst. Nat. p. 19.
Vill. Entom. 2. p. 3.-Fab. Ent. Syst. tom. 3. p. 30. 87.-
Fab. Syst. Ent. 452. 42.-Fab. Mantis. 2. 9. 77.—Fab. Sp.
Ins. 2. 17. 67.-Leavin's Pap. pl. 34.-Donov. Br. Ins.
Harris Aur. t. 36.-
pl. 211.
Wilks, pl. 93.
Schmet. pl. 77. 390. 391.-Pet. Pap. t. 2. f. 5.—Barb. Gen.
Ins. pl. 10. f. 33.-Roesel. Ins. cl. 2. t. 1.—Esper Schmet.
t. 1. f. 1.-Seba Thes. 4. 32. f. 9. 10. et 4. 59. f. 12. 13.-
Raj. Ins. 110. 1.-Sepp's Ins. vol. 1. 2. t. 3.—Berk. Syn. 1.
123. 1.-Schaf. Icon. t. 45. f. 1. 2.-P. Machaon Panz.
Faun. Germ..... -Faun. Ingr. 201. 610.-P. Regina De
Geer Gen. Ins. 30. 5-Merian Eruc. pars 1. pl. 38.-Scopol.
Carn. 444.-Müll. Zool. Dan. 1289.-Nat. Misc. v. 12.
pl. 398.-Ent. Paris. 241. 33.-Forster's Cat. p. 10. 463.—
Mouf. Ins. 99. fig. sup.

HABITAT Larva in plantis umbelliferis; Julio et Sept. Imago
f. Mai. et i. Aug. umbelliferetis, satis infrequens.
EXPANSIO alarum

3 unc. 7 lin.

DESCRIPTIO. Larva lævis, viridis cingulis nigris alternis, ferrugineo punctatis. Caput tentaculis 2. Vill. Ent. 2. p. 3. PUPPA flavescens. Fab.

Ale

IMAGO. Ale antice flavæ, venis dilatatis, maculis 3 costalibus, costa ipsa, fasciisque duabus latis nigris luteo subirroratis; prima basi subtriangulari, secunda postica seu marginali in qua lunulæ 8 flavæ, margine ipso lutescente. poftica dentata unicaudatæ flava, venis dilatatis, fasciisque duabus nigris; prima ad latus interius dimidiata, secunda lata ad marginem posticum in qua macula 6 cœruleæ subocellares, et pone has lunulæ 5 flavæ, margine ipso lutescente. Alæ omnes subtus pallidiores, angulo ani fulvo subocellari utrinque. Cauda alæ linearis nigra longitudine semunciali, intus flavo marginato utrinque.

I.

P. E. A. (the scarce Swallow-tail) Alis caudatis concoloribus fla- Podalirius. vescentibus fasciis nigricantibus geminatis, posticis subtus linca ferruginea.

2

Cratagi.

3.

Linn. Syst. Nat. tom. 2. 751. 36.—Linn. Mus. Regina 208. 27. -Gmel. Syst. Nat. tom. 1. p. 2241.-Turt. Syst. Nat. p. 16. -Fab. Ent. Syst. t. 3. p. 24 71.-Fab. Syst. Ent. 451.Fab. Mantis. 2. 8. 64.-Fab. Sp. Ins. 2. 15. 58.-Vill. Entom. 2. 4-Berk. Syn. 1. 123. 2.-Lewin's Pap. t. 35: Donov. Eng. Ins. pl. 109.-Pap. Podalirius Panz. Faun. Germ.......Müller Lep. Silesiaca. -Hübner Schmet. pl. 77.388. 389.-Pet. Gaz. t. 133. f. 2-Esper Schmet. t. 1. f. 2.-Roesel. Ins. cl. 2 t. 2.-Seba Thes. 4. 32. f. 11. 12Schaf. Icon. t. 45. f. 3. 4.—Raj. Ins. 111. no. 3.-Mouffett's Ins. 99. f. 3.-Forster's Cat. p. 10. 404.-Martyn's Vade Mecum, no. 36. article Cabbage-P. flammeus Ent. Paris. 242. 24.-Merian Eruc. pars 2. · pl. 44.

HABITAT in sylvaticis rarissima omnium. Larva Mai.? Imago i. Aug.?

EXPANSIO alarum 3 unc. 6 tin.

DESCRIPTIO. Ale antice flavescentes, costa, margine exteriore fasciisque 6 nigris; quarum 3 et 5 abbreviatæ sunt, 4 et 6 cineritiæ aliquot divisæ. Postica dentata unicaudatæ utrinque flavescentes, supra strigis 2, una ad latus interius latiora, altera in media, subtus strigis circiter 4 nigris; quarum 2 et 4 subgeminatæ, utrinque margine postico nigricante, lunulis 4 cœruleis; lunula ani præterea ocellaris fulvo vel flavo late cincta: cauda alæ linearis nigra, intus et apice flavo marginata, ala dimidia brevior.

LARVA solitaria flavescens fusco punctata capite pallide vires-
cente. Fab.

PUPPA flavescens, fusco punctata, antice bidentata. Fab.
OBS. Exemplarium absolute Britannicum nunquam vidi. Locus
in Lepidopterâ Britannicâ authoritatibus Berkenhouti et Raii
(quæ ultima satis ambigua est) præcipue pendet.

** PARNASSII. (Black-veins). Alis rotundatis denudatis.
P. P. (The black-veined White) Alis integerrimis rotundatis
albis venis nigris.

Linn. Faun. Suec. 1034.-Linn. Syst. Nat. tom. 2. p. 758.72.—
Gmel. Syst. Nat. t. 1. 2257.-Turt. Syst. Nat. p. 53.-Fab.
Ent. Syst. tom. 3. 182. 563.—Fab Syst. Ent. 466. 101.—
Fab. Mantis. 2. 17. 171.-Fab. Sp. Ins. 2. 35. 149.-Vill.
Ent. 2. 7.-Hübners Sibmet. pl 79. 399 400.-Harris Aur.
t. i. k d. e-Scopol. Carn. 448.-Barb. Gen. pl. 10. f. 72.
-Müll Zool. Dan. 1312.-Raj. Ins. 115. no. 5.-Pet. Mus.
301.-Pet. Pap. t. 1. f. 1. 2.—Faun. Ingr. 206. 627-

Schef.

--

Scbaf. Icon. 140. f. 2. 3. Merian Eruc. pars 2. pl. 25.-
Berk. Syn. 1. 124. 3
-Roes. Ins. cl. 2. t. 3-Wilks, pl. 95.
-Esper Schmet. t. 2. f. 3.-Lewin's Pap. pl. 24.—Merret's
Pinax, 198. Pap. diurnus max. 2?——Albin's Ins. pl. 2. f. 2.
-Seba Thes. 4. 2. H.-Panz. Faun. Germ.....—Pap. Cra-
tagi. Ent. Paris, 248. 43.—P. nigro-venosus De Geer Gen.
Ins. 30. 2.

HABITAT Larva in Cratægo et Grossularia tempore vernali.
Imago in hortis et peridumetis satis infrequens.
EXPANSIO alarum 2 unc. 10 lin.

DESCRIPTIO. Alæ omnes utrinque alba marginibus venisque
nigris. Antica supra maculis circiter 6 parvis triangularibus
nigricantibus ad marginem posticum.

LARVA labyrinthiformis. Faun. Suec. 1034.
PUPPA flava punctis maculisque numerosis nigris.

*** DANAI CANDIDI. Alis integerrimis albis flavis fulvisve.

+ ALBE (Wbites). Alis anticis postice rotundatis albis.

P. D. C. (The large White) Alis albis; maris, apicibus nigris; Brassica. femina, apicibus, maculis duabus lituraque nigris.

Linn. Faun. Suec. 1035.-Linn. Syst. Nat. tom. 2. p. 759.75.-
Gmel. Syst. Nat. tom. 1. 2259.-Turt. Syst. Nat. p. 64.-
Fab. Ent. Syst. 463. 110.-Fab. Syst. Ent. 3. 186. 57 1.1
Fab. Mant. 2. 18. 183.—Fab. Sp. Ins. 2. 38. 161. — Vill.
Ent. 2. p. 8.-Berk. Syn. 1. 124. 4.-Faun. Ingr. 206. 678.
-Scop. Carn. 450.-Mall. Zool. Dan. 1313.-Hüb. Scbmet.
pl. 80. 401-3.-Lewin's Pap. pl. 25.—Wilks, pl. 96.— Albin's
Ins. pl. 1-Roes. Ins. cl. 2. t. 4-Sepp. Ins. v. 1. 2. t. 2.—
Esper Schmet. t. 3. f. 1.-Goed. Ins. 1. pl. 11.-List. Goed.
fig.7-Mouf. Ins. 189 ft. Larva.-Schef. Ic. 40. f. 3. 4.
Fem. et 140. f. 4. 5. Mas.—Raj. Ins. 113. 1.-Pet. Gaz.
t. 62. fig. 3. Femina.-Swam. Hist. Ins. 205. t. 13. cum Larv.
et Pup-Hill's Swam. tab. 37-Ent. Paris. 247, 40-Pa-
pilio diurnus max. maxima parte flavescens, reliqua pene nigri-
cans. Merr. Pinax, 198.-Pet. Pap. 1. f. 3. 4. Mas. 5. 6. Fem.
-Merian Eruc. pars 1, pl. 45-Seha Thes. 4. 2. F
HABITAT Larva in Brassicis hortorum tempore æstate, nir
frequens. Imago fere passim m. Mai. et m. Aug.
EXPANSIO alarum 2 unc. II lîn.

nimis

DESCRIPTIO. Larva solitaria cinerea nigro punctata, lineisque tribus sulphureis cauda nigra. Fab.

PUPPA

PUPPA pallide virescens lineis tribus flavis segmentisque tribus globosis. Fab.

IMAGO. Ale supra albæ, anticæ maris apice nigris; femina apice, maculis 2 pone medium rotundis, maculaque claviformi ad marginem tenuiorem nigris. Ale postice in utraque sexu albæ, macula costali pone medium nigra. Anticæ subtus in utraque sexu albæ, basi sæpe cinerascentes, apicibus flavicantibus, maculisque duabus rotundis pone medium nigris, Postice subtus in utraque sexu, pallide flave, macula pone medium obsoleta, atomisque nigricantibus undique sparsis. OBS. The larvae of this, the preceding, and the following species, multiply so much in dry seasons as to make great havoc amongst our cabbages, &c. Small birds destroy incredible numbers of them as food, and should be encouraged. I once observed a Titmouse (Parus major) take five or six large ones to its nest in a very few minutes. In inclosed gardens Sea-gulls, with their wings cut, are of infinite service. I had one eight years, which was at last killed by accident, that lived entirely all the while upon the insects, slugs, and worms he found in the garden. Poultry of any sort will soon clear a small piece of ground; but, unless they are of the web-footed kind, they do much damage by scratching the earth.

Rapa. P. D. C. (The small White) Alis albis, maris, apicibus maculaque nigricantibus; feminæ, apicibus, maculis duabus lituraque nigris.

5.

Linn. Faun. Suec. 1036.- Linn. Syst. Nat. tom. 2. p. 759.76.—.
Gmel. Syst. Nat. tom. 1.2260.-Turt. Syst. Nut. p. 64.-Fab.
Ent. Syst. 3. 186. 575-Fab. Syst. Ent. 469. 11.-Fab. Man-
tis. 2. 18. 184.-Fab. Spec. Ins. 239. 162.-Vill. Ent. 2. p. 9.
-Hüb. Schmet. pl. 80. 404. 5.-E.t. Paris. 248.41.-Scop.
Carn. 45-Müll. Zool. Dan. 1314.-Faun. Ingr. 206. 629.
-Berk. Syn. 1. 124. 5.-Wilks, pl. 97-Lewin's Pap. pl. 26.
-Albin's Ins. 51.-Pet. Pap. 1. f. 7. 8. Mas. 9-14. Fem.
-Roesel. Ins. al. 2. t. 5.—Ammiral. t. 16. fig. dextra.-Sepp.
Ins. v. 1. 2. t. 4.-Goed. Ins. 1. 27.-Merian Eruc. pars 2.
pl. 39.-Esp.r Schmet. t. 3. f. 2.-List. Goed. f. 8.—Raj.
Ins. 114. 2. —Seba Thes. 4. 2. B.-Merret's Pinax, Papilio
diurnus medius ex pallido flavescens, 198. I..

HABITAT pass m; frequentissimus in hortis, ubi Larva cum
Larvis præcedentis et sequentis Brassicas male devastat per
totam æstatem. Imago præcipue m. Mai, et m. Aug.
EXPANSIO alarum à un
2 unc. 2 lin.

DESCRIPTIO.

DESCRIPTIO. Larva viridis, linea dorsali ænea, lateribusque
æneo punctatis. Fab.

PUPPA gibba virescens lineis tribus sulphureis. Fab.
IMAGO. Præcedenti simillima, attamen distincta ; differt mag-
nitudine duplo minore, et alia larva. Maculâ apicis variat,
tunc nigrâ, tunc nigricante, et subinde cinereâ sed semper
magis costali quam in præcedente; ad quam in cæteris om.
nino convenit.

P. D. C. (The green-veined White) Alis albis subtus venis Napi.

dilatatis virescentibus.

Linn. Faun. Suec 1037.-Linn. Syst. Nat. tom. 2 p. 760. 77.
-Gmel. Syst. Nat. tom. 1. 226 -Turt. Syst. Nat p. 65.—
Fab. Ent. Syst. 3. 187. 576.-Fab. Syst. Ent 469. 112.—
Fab. Mant. 2. 18. 185.-Fab. Spec. Ins. 2. 29. 163.-Vil
lars Ent. 2. p. 10.-Admiral. t. it. fig. 2. sinistra.-.
-Ent.
Paris. 248. 42.-Scop. Carn. 453.-Sepp. Ins. v. 1. 2. t. 1 —i
Wilks, pl. 98.-Müll. Zool. Dan. 131-Raj. Ins. 114 3.

Pet. Pap. t. 19. 20. Fem.-Pet. Mu. 302.Faun Ingr.
206. 630.-Berk. Syn. 1. 124. 6.-Lewin's Pup. pl.
Albin's Ins. t. 52. f. g.-E per Schmet. t. 3. f. 3.-Donovs
Brit. Ins. pl. 280. f. 1. Fm.-Pet. Gaz. t. 61. fig. 1. Mas.
et t. 62. f. 3. Fem.-Pap. diurnus medius capite lisque lacteis
quibus macula fusca et nigricantes. Merr. Pinax, 198. 9
HABITAT Larva in Brassicis, æstate; Imago præcipue m. Mai.
et i. Jul. in hortis et peridumetis valde fr quens.
EXPANSIO alarum 2 unc. I lin.

DESCRIPTIO. Præcedenti simillima, magnitudine et charace teribus, sed abunde differt venis (præcipue alarum posticarum) dilatato-virescentibus.

a. Alæ anticæ maris, alba macula postica apiceque late nigris; femina, maculis duabus posticis apiceque nigris. Subtus (utraque sexu) venis vix virentibus: postice venis virescentibus basi tantum dilatatis.

B. Hüb. Schmet. pl. 8. 406. 407.-Pet. Pap. t. 1. 17. 18. Mas. 15. 16. Fem. Ale antice maris, alba immaculata, apice tenue nigra feminæ ut in a, sed basi venisque magis cinereis apice albicante. Vene (utraque sexu) undique magis dilatatæ quam in a. Alæ inferiores in utraque variant ; subinde albidæ, subinde flavæ seu flavicantes.

P. D. C. (The Wood White) Alis albis, apice maris fusces- Sinapis.

cente.

Linn. Faun. Suec. 1038.-Linn. Syst. Nat tom. 2. p. 760.-9.
-Gmel. Syst. Nat. 1. 2261.-Turt. Syst. Nat. p. 65-Fab.
C

Ent.

7.