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the Bake-house. William Penn, whom the greatest men of Europe have ranked with the Solons and the Numas of Greece and Rome, was born in 1644. His father was Sir William Penn, of Penn, Vice Admiral in the time of Cromwell, and afterwards knighted by king Charles II. William, the son, joining the sect called Quakers, incurred not only the displeasure of his father, who turned him out of doors, but of the government, who imprisoned him in the Tower.

These persecutions, principally levelled at the Quakers, led Penn to seek a place in the new world, where they might worship God in peace; and, obtaining a grant from king Charles, he with a number of his followers set sail for America, whore le lauded in 1699; and, purchasing the soil of the natives, laid out the city upon its present plan. Previous to Penn's arrival, some of his party having preceded him, built themselves bark huts; others lived in caves on the banks of the Delaware, which they dug themselves. In one of those rude caves was born the first native Philadelphian, John Key, who reached the age of eighty-five. He, was born in a cave afterwards known by the name of "penny pot," on the bank near Race street. This man, when cighty years of age, walked from Kennet to Philadelphia, a distance of thirty miles, in a day! Another man, Edward Drinker, born in a cave, lived till independence was declared. The first house erected in Philadelphia was a low wooden house, east side of Front street. It stood in what was called Bud's row, a little north of the inlet, now oc cupied by Dock street. This inlet flowed as far to the north as Chesnut and Third street. The owner kept it. as a tavern for many years; it was called the Blue Anchor. The first brick house built in Philadelphia, was standing recently; it stood north side of Chesnut street, opposite Carpenter's Court. In Letitia Court, east of South Second street, still survives the town-house of William Penn, built a few years after his arrival. The last of the original trees, a walnut, stood in front of the state-house, Chesnut street.

I have been on the spot where the first citizen was born; I surveyed the place where lived mine host of the

This

Blue Anchor now a street; but chiofly, I sought
with eagerness the ancient dwelling of the venerable
Penn. Letitia Court, which is nothing but a narrow alley,
leading out of Market street near the Delaware, soon
brought me to the venerable pile. It is a low two story
brick house, and though of so long standing, it has not
that ancient appearance we would expect. It is built of
brick, and enclosed with an entire new wall of the same
material. It is laid off into small rooms and occupied as
a tavern. I sat in that used by Penn as a chamber, with
feelings which may easily be imagined. Upon_men.
tioning to some one, my motives for visiting the house.
a voice exclaimed, "what, are you writing a book ?"
I turned round, and regarding the man (for it was a man
who spoke,) with silence; pardon me," he cried, "my
name is Darby, author of the Emigrant's Guide."
was an unexpected pleasure; I had seen the Emigrant's
Guide, but had never seen the author till then. Darby
is a small man, about forty years of age; sensible, and
possessed of much general information; he was the on-
ly gentleman in Philadelphia who invited me to his
house. His countenance bespoke him a man of feeling
and generosity; and I am sorry that it was not in my
power to accept the invitation, as from him I should
probably have obtained that information, which, from my
peculiar circumstances, I found rather difficult. I found,
however, a very obliging friend in Mr. Lea, of the firm
of Carey & Lea. He is a son-in-law of M. Carey, and
a most consummate gentleman. To him and Mr. Brad
ford I am much indebted; particularly to the former.
But, to return; William Penn, after laying off the city
of Philadelphia, drew up a code of laws for the govern
ment of the colony. The foundation of these laws was
"that every one who believed in one Almighty God.
should not be compelled to worship contrary to his own
opinion; granted free toleration to all sects; equal right
and justice to all men." This may be considered (says
the historian,) as the foundation stone upon which the
sublime edifice of free toleration has since been built
throughout these United States. Philadelphia is situa
ted in 39 deg. 55 min. north, upon the west bank of the

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Delaware, which is here nearly a mile in width; it is 126 miles from the Atlantic, and six miles above the confluence of the Schuylkill, which gives room for nearly a square. The northern and southern liberties are noth ing but a continuation of the city, though both are out of the corporation. These lengthen it to a mile longer than it is wide. The site is a perfect level, excepting a slight elevation at the southern end; this, and the streets, which are wide and straight, to mathematical nicety, and the numerous squares, adorned with handsome trees, gives to Philadelphia that beauty, so much admired by travellers. Besides the streets, it has numerous courts and allies, (a court is like an alley, but is only open at one end,) which cross about the middle of each square; the latter run from street to street. These are wide enough for a cart or waggon to pass, and have neat side walks. The streets are swept every day, and the pavements washed; nothing can be neater. The city was called the town of Philadelphia till 1701, when it was incorporated and took the name of a city. It was the seat of government till 1801; the public mint is still in feeling Philadelphia. It contained 108.000 inhabitants the last census. It may be called a manufacturing rather than a commercial city; and although it is said to exceed every part of the United States in the beauty, quantity and excellence of its manufactures, yet it is a great way behind Baltimore in architecture. The new Bank, planned by Latrobe, is, however, a fine edifice of marble, in imitation of the temple of Minerva. I was quite provoked with them for pulling down the dwelling-house of Dr. Franklin, which they have done, and erected a public Library upon the spot where it stood. This Library was founded by the Doctor himself, and a few of his friends; the oldest in Philadelphia. A full length statue of the Doctor, in an old fashioned dress, is placed over the door of the Library, on the out side, and seems to invite the traveller to walk in.

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Amongst the ornaments of the city, may be reckoned the celebrated "Pratt's Gardens," but I did not visit them; albeit I must not forget the two bridges over the Schuylkill, the noblest structures of architecture belong.

ing to the city; when viewed in a distant line with the river they are truly magnificent. The churches are very plain, being mostly without steeples.

From Alexandria to this place, rye coffee is drank by a great portion of the inhabitants, also black tea. Rye is regularly toasted, ground, sold in the markets, and mixed with coffee at the best boarding houses! (except in Washington.) Many of the citizens drink it in its present state; this they do for their health, being told by the physicians that it is better for the lungs. Black tea I never heard of, till asking the waiter for a cup of tca, between Baltimore and Philadelphia, he asked me whether I chose black tea or green, whilst I was at a loss what answer to make. This, however, is fair, because you have the option to drink it or not; but you are com. pletely taken in by the coffee. Black tea is very fash ionable in Philadelphia, being also recommended as more healthy than green, which I believe to be true, it is cer tainly not so injurious to the nerves; but I never could be reconciled to the rye coffec: yet they live well in Philadelphia, and boarding is cheap, though they excel us in none of their cities in any thing but beef and fish; their lamb, veal and fowls are not equal to those sold in the Lexington market, of Ky. by a great deal, or in that of Cincinnati, or Chilicothe; indeed, their best beel comes from Greenbriar, west of the Alleghany, and from the South Branch, west of the Blue ridge.

The lady of the house, (in many instances,) instead of taking the head of the table, sits at the side, about midway, (supposing the table to be long and narrow,) with her tea equipage before her, and, without the aid of her servants, with great facility helps every one at the table.

Journey to New-York.-After spending two weeks to a day in Philadelphia, I entered my name on the way. bill, paid my passage over night, and set off for New York in the steam-boat next morning, sailing up the Delaware in a north-east direction. Day was dawning as we put off from the shore; I remained on deck to catch a parting view of the city, and the fast receding objects. I never left a place with less regret; not that

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I was displeased with Philadelphia, I was pleased that I
had seen it, I was pleased with it for its own sake, and
above all I was pleased with an evidence of what human
nature is capable, and the effects of that capacity verified
to a degree which ranks Philadelphia amongst the first
cities of the world, either ancient or modern, in acts of
beneficence towards the human race; but in it I found
but few of those courtesies which fasten upon the heart
of the stranger.

The sky was overcast with clouds, which, added to the
gloom of the season, was ill calculated to restore my
flagging spirits, exhausted from incessant toil in travers-
ing the streets and public places of Philadelphia, which
kept me on my feet from morning till night each day.
Here again we have New-Jersey on our right, and Penn-
sylvania on the left; the land on both sides appears poor,
though fine buildings, good orchards and meadows, di-
versify the borders of the river, the land being flat as far
as the eye can see. A short time brought us to Bur-
lington, already mentioned; it is a poor village, on the
Jersey shore, shows age and decay: it has two small
wharfs, and a few small vessels anchored near them.
This town is older than Philadelphia. Whilst I was ab-
sorbed in thought, upon the political changes which had
taken place in the country before me, since its first set-
tlement, and the never to be forgotten sons of New-Jer
sey, who clung to our Washington when almost forsaken
by every one else,* I was interrupted by the captain
of the boat, who walked up to me and asked for my fare;
thunderstruck at his request, it was some time before I
could answer that I paid it in Philadelphia; "Where is

"New-Jersey signalized herself during the revolution—as a state, she suffered more from the ravages of war, than any state in the uuion. It was the seat of war for several years, during our contest with Great Britain, and her losses both of men and property, in proportion to her population, was greater, infinitely greater than any of the thirteen states. Her militia, always obedient, for a long time composed the strength of the army. Nearly every town in the state has been rendered famous for some signal exploit. Trenton, Princeton, and Monmouth will forever be held in veneration by all the friends of liberty. The success of her arms, and the various achievments of her soldiers, gives New-Jersey a title to the first rank amongst her sister states." I have often marked her sons in the western country, for their bold and independent spirit.

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