the Declaration of Independence, and the venerable dead who fought for its adoption; also by sneering at men who contend for freedom, justice and law, misnaming them fanatics and enthusiasts. The South have inflicted on the grovelling North pains and penalties, as the instruments of heaven's vengeance. Yes, tenfold more of real judgments, than everything done, thought, or attempted, by England, which lit the torch of the Revolutionary war.

The slaveholders are tantalized, by the sight of the prosperity of free labor. 20,000 voting slaveholders regard the free North and its institutions with malevolence and hatred, and God, for just and holy reasons, has used those slaveholders as a whip of scorpions, to punish the base bowing North, in property, character and life, by war, taxation, and debasing humility, as a just retribution for upholding slavery and slaveholders; and for having forsaken the Scriptures of truth, and having perverted, by base interpretation, the Constitution of the United States, from its high freedomprotecting sense to a low and degrading piratical covenant, to be employed for the destruction of human rights, rather than their support. The North bowed in the college, pulpit and Congress, to the dominion of the man-stealer, and employed its brains in the destruction of human liberty, by a servile yielding, to slaveholding construction of religion and law. The southern slaveholding merchants sought and obtained credit in the North, and $500,000,000 would not meet the losses of the North, in sixty years which were cancelled by southern bankruptcy. Thus the North was justly, and in part, made slaves to work for the South, as a just punishment on us, who would not see injustice in the position of the slave. The slaveholders envied us, and hypocritically became the advocates of the rights of impressed seamen; yes, men whose own fields were worked by impressed and stolen black men.

THE WAR OF 1812.

The war of 1812 the South decreed, and 137 millions were wasted by government in its prosecution, and 200 millions more were lost on the sea and land, by our merchants and farmers. The South placed Major General Smyth, at Buf falo, a slaveholding lawyer of Virginia; Major General Winder, a slaveholding lawyer of Maryland, at Forty Mile Creek, on the side of Lake Ontario; Major General Wilkinson, a Louisiana slaveholder, at the Cedars and Rapids of the St. Lawrence; and Major General Wade Hampton, the great sugar-boiler of Louisiana, and the largest slaveholder in the United States (having over 5000 crushed human beings bowing to this tyrant), was located at Burlington, Vermont: four slaveholding generals, with their four armies, were stretched out on our northern frontier, not to take Canada, but to prevent its being taken, by the men of New England and New York, in 1812, '13 and '14; lest we should make some six or eight free States from Canada, if conquered. This was treason against northern interests, northern blood, and northern honor. But the South furnished the officers, the President and the cabinet. This revelation could have been proved by General John Armstrong, then Secretary of War, after he and Mr. Madison quarrelled. But these slaveholders could add Louisiana, Florida, Texas, and perhaps half of Mexico, at the expense and disgrace of the nation, to extend the area of slavery; and the North with two votes to the South one, professing to be opposed, yield at last to the wish of this unprincipled greediness and inordinate robbery. Forty millions are paid to establish slavery in Florida and murder the Indians. How many hundred millions have the North lost, after erecting the most expensive manufactories, and filling them with machinery to have them all

brought to nothing by a prostration of the tariff, as at this time, in order to ruin the North, without benefiting the South! But will the North still present her back for the rod, will she still vote for a slaveholder as President of the United States? The North can never deliver herself and the nation from this thralldom, until a majority declare they will vote for those men only, who, if elected, will do all in their power for the constitutional abolition of slavery.

THE RECOIL OF SLAVERY.

If this nation had never undertaken to hold up the hands of the slaveholder and crush the colored man, there would have been double the amount of wealth there now is in the United States. All of the disgraceful wars and the three hundred millions of expense thereby, would have been saved, and one thousand millions lost by southern bankruptcy and change of northern pursuits, lifting up and dashing to the ground tariffs for revenue and protection, and that everlasting whirl of inconstancy, breaking up the sober and adjusted calculations of men, by throwing interests most momentous against the rocks, leaving nothing but ingenuity to collect the fragments and form another nucleus, and as it grew to importance, malevolence would again undermine it, and the barbarity of slavery raze it to the ground. But for slavery we should have ascended the Mount of Civilization, to a point never before attained; the land would have been filled, even through the present regions of guilt, pauperism and destruction in the South, by industrious, prosperous and cultivated dwellers of the land, rejoicing under their own vines and the results of economical industry, the social system advancing, minds refined, education universal, with peace in all our borders. In making the slave suffer, how we have been punished therefor!

ONE IDEA.

Since things are so, let the Liberty party take possession of the ship, launch it, and put out to sea, as soon as their strength will permit. Let the Liberty party be united. The great one idea, that a man is a man, the world over, and is entitled to freedom, and that slavery is a sin against God and a crime against man everywhere, and that it is your duty to vote, and you will only vote for those who will do all in their power to crush the crime of slavery, is that on which you must and will succeed. There never was a great one idea, founded in eternal truth and the nature of things, which did not succeed; and there never will be, as long as the promises of eternal truth stand good.

ALVAN STEWART'S FIRST PUBLISHED SPEECH

AGAINST SLAVERY,

A QUARTER OF A CENTURY AGO, 1835.

ALVAN STEWART, Esq., of Utica, rose and said, that with the consent of the Convention, he would trespass a few minutes on the time of this numerous and honorable body.

He said this was the first Convention which had ever assembled in the United States under such a remarkable state of facts as now existed, and which seem to distinguish this from all public bodies of men who have ever met in this land before. For the last forty days, at least three hundred of the public presses have daily poured a continual shower of abuse upon the callers and the call for this Convention, characterized by a spirit of vengeance and violence, knowing and proposing nothing but the bitterness of invective, and the cruelty of bloody persecution. Our enemies have sent their slanders against us, whispering across the diameter of the globe, telling the haughty and sneering minions of Absolutism, on the other side of the world, that the sons of the Pilgrims had proved recreant to their lofty lineage, unfaithful to their high destiny, untrue to the last hopes of

man.

Said Mr. S., Is it true that the philanthropy which warms our hearts into action, for the suffering slave, can exile our patriotism, and prepare our souls for the most heaven-daring guilt? Is it true, because we feel for bleeding humanity, that it makes us cruel? Can pity produce it? Can love beget hate? Can an affectionate respect and kind feeling