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batch of letters and telegrams from a particular town. Next day I received another batch from another town. Next day there arrived a consignment from still another place. What interests me is that every day nearly all my correspondence evidently emanated from the same place and that this place changed from day to day. Am I wrong in concluding that an industrious sugar agent is proceeding from town to town? That he manufactures public sentiment against me in one place and then passes on to a new field? Moreover, these communications reveal that in many communities one man has written them all, although different names are signed. This universal writer has hardly taken the trouble to hide his tracks. He sticks out everywhere. In the vast majority of cases, the phraseology is identical. For example, on May 12th, I received a dozen telegrams from Julesburg, Colo., as follows:

We urge you to vote for an open debate in the Senate on the sugar tariff-Colorado's industries are at least entitled to be heard.

If the twelve men who signed these telegrams sent them spontaneously, isn't it something of a miracle that all twelve should have written them in identically

the same words? Moreover, all these telegrams were addressed to Charles "H" Thomas whereas my middle initial is "S." How amazing that all twelve men should have made the same mistake in my name! Either one man wrote all twelve messages or we have here a sensational instance of mental telepathy. However, I have some direct evidence upon this point. On May 1st, I received this telegram from a town in Colorado: Senator C. S. THOMAS,

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sent upon the request of Chairmar of the County Central Committee (Democratic who is also an employee of the American Bee: Sugar Company, who, I suppose, paid for the

message.

This matter was taken up with me by over the long distance and I authorized hir to send the message over my signature. I however, did not dictate the message. Very respectfully,

JOHN JONES.

The sugar interests, however, did not limit their activities to stirring up individuals. Their favorite plan was to get after influential institutions — banks, insurance companies, chambers of commerce, com mercial clubs, real estate exchanges, clearing houses, trust companies, milling and elevator companies, and hotels. Some times the "accelerators" could work from these institutions down to individuals Thus the Denver Clearing House sen: notices to local banks to join in the protest As a matter of fact the sugar companies deposit with or control a number o banks in Denver, Pueblo, Colorado Springs Durango, Longmont, and other place whose coöperation was a matter of course These banks in turn could enlist the activities of their customers - especial. their borrowers. One day I received 14 telegrams from institutions of this kin - all which bore traces of an identica origin. Long petitions from the same sources also found their way to Washing ton. Sometimes the organization sending them had the flimsiest kind of an existence. from Grand Junction: For example, I received this releg

SENATOR CHARLES S. THOMAS,
Senate Building,

Washington, D. C.

The Resolution which the Mesa Court Business Association presented in Colorac against the three-year clause in your suger schedule is an absolute fake. The organizat has not been in existence for three years and wa used to secure unfair and unwarranted expres sion. The people here in the Grand Junctur chamber of commerce refuse to take any act on the resolution. The people of western Colorado showed by their voce that they waD” revision downward on sugar and wool and an behind you in your stand for the Administrat

measure.

GRAND JUNCTION, COLO., May 27th, 19:

In all this I had one consolation, and it was a great one. I received almost as many communications approving my course as I did disapproving it. I could almost tell, by looking at a letter, whether it was for or against. A neatly typewritten document on a formidable letter-head usually meant harsh criticism; a roughly written letter or a hastily pencilled postal card meant friendly approbation. In other words, while the large business man took a stand against me, the ordinary citizen placed himself on my side. The sugar factories opposed free sugar; the Colorado sugar grower and consumer

favored it. What I especially liked was that those approving letters were spontaneous - not "worked up." The only criticism against the other kind is that they were not spontaneous. No legislator has any grievance against a constituent who writes disapproving his course; it is his right; and we welcome such correspondence. All that we insist upon is that the letters be sincere - not promoted and sometimes written and signed by interested persons. This practice is really a great national evil

the last weapon in the arsenal of selfish people who seek to control legislation for their own ends.

TEN MILLIONS FOR GOOD WORKS

WHAT THE RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION IS DOING TO DEVELOP THE NEW SCIENCE OF PHILANTHROPY BY EXPERT INVESTIGATIONS AND BY SPREADING THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE BEST METHODS THROUGH

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AN ORIGINAL AND EFFECTIVE SYSTEM OF PUBLICITY

BY

FRANK MARSHALL WHITE

NE day last July I called upon Dr. Hastings H. Hart, the director of the Department of Child Helping of the Russell Sage Foundation. As I entered his office he was looking over a pile of typewritten sheets nearly three inches thick that had been handed to him by a man who left as I came in. This was a study of the Pennsylvania child helping agencies and institutions by the Russell Sage Foundation, aided by the Pennsylvania State Conference of Charities, under the direction of Dr. W. H. Slingerland. Dr. Slingerland had just left. His report covered a comprehensive investigation of 240 separate agencies; it is to be used in a programme for state betterment by Pennsylvania. At work on a similar report on conditions in Maryland was Miss Florence L. Lattimore, associate director of the Department of Child Helping. Although no report has yet been made of this investigation, it has already resulted in securing a new superintendent and the reorganiza

tion of one institution in the state (no word of which has reached the newspapers), and in negotiations that were then pending to place a private institution under state control.

At the time of this visit Dr. Hart had an agent in Vermont — a state he describes as not rich or socially progressive, that is waking up to its backwardness — studying its almshouses, jails, and orphan and juvenile asylums. He had just assigned another agent to investigate the institutions for children in the state of Washington, which is expecting a great increase of population on the opening of the Panama Canal and is making intelligent preparation for it. On his desk was another of the Foundation's recently completed reports that involved the study of the entire child-helping system of California and the investigation of 76 institutions and 8 societies. Just finished was a complete, illustrated report, that will soon be published, of every thing that is being done in the United States for crippled children. In one week Dr.

Hart had received visits by appointment from three architects who had received commissions to draw plans for institutions for children. One of these architects was from Los Angeles and the other two from Cincinnati. Dr. Hart took them to see four model institutions, where they met the men who could give them exactly the information they desired. Without the assistance of the Foundation these architects would have required weeks to ascertain what Dr. Hart was able to put them in the way of learning in as many days which is a part of his routine.

There are about 45,000 traveling me belonging to traveling men's associations r the United States. In that case you shoul have about 1,000 deaths yearly. If these eat left two children unable to provide for them selves, that would mean 2,000 a year.

In the whole United States there are abou 112 children in orphan asylums for ever hundred thousand people. If the travelin men with their families number 2,000,000, that rate you would have 2,000 children orphanages; but out of these thrifty famil it is fair to expect that there would not be mor than one half as many children sent to orphanages as among the poor. That would mean at the outside about 1,000 children.

The cost of suitable buildings and equipme for orphanages these days is $1,000 to $1,500 per bed. To build for 1,000 children woul cost from $1,000,000 to $1,500,000. Tr maintenance of children in orphan asylums costs from $150 to $250 yearly per child; 1,00 children at $250 each would cost $250,000:

Probably few people realize that charitable homes for children are in need of any except pecuniary assistance. The work of the Department of Child Helping, however, has shown with startling clearness that such institutions do need the help of a central, impartial, and well-equipped bureau, qualified to give advice and instruction and to conduct investigations. For example, an investigation by the Foundation of infant mortality brought to light the fact that, in the case of many of these charitable institutions, committing jections to this plan, for the reason that,

a child to their care meant to condemn it to death. In one of these institutions 8 children of every 9 died within a year. In another, 57 were received and 54 of them died before 12 months were up.

Shortly before my visit Dr. Hart had received a letter asking for up-to-date information with regard to institutions for, and the care of, children, from the Loyal Order of Moose, a fraternal organization with a membership of 500,000, every one of whom is to pay one dollar a year for the care of its orphans and children of neglected education, for whom it is establishing a school on 1,300 acres of land in Aurora, Ill. About the same time, among a score of other letters Dr. Hart was sending out in one day, was one in response to a similar request from Mr. D. K. Clink, of Chicago, promoter of the National Commercial Travelers' Orphans' Home and School. As this letter is typical of the varied information sent out from the different divisions of the Foundation, indicating as it does mastery of the subject under discussion, it seems worth while to give part of its contents:

year.

Your committee will want to consider ver carefully the question whether they propes to establish a national institution to cover t whole country. There are some serious o

most cases, it means a permanent separation the children from their mothers. This sugges the importance of establishing proper condition for the admission of children to such institutions There should be careful study to determin whether the children should be taken from the mothers.

If your committee should decide to bu there will be a long line of questions to determined, including the location, the quest of buying a site or accepting it by donati the size of the institution, the building mater the adoption of the cottage or congregate pl the question of schools, industrial educati etc., and the questions of government and administration.

Any service that may be rendered by th office will be rendered without charge. W have no axe to grind. Our only desire be to help you get what you are working'

How long would it be likely to take th average man unfamiliar with the sube to secure the information that Dr. Ha was able to put on one sheet of paper And experts in all the other divisions the Foundation are rendering the sa kind of service when called upon by men women engaged in work for social improv ment. The Foundation's publications

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ONE WAY TO MAKE STATISTICS INTERESTING

THESE EXHIBITS FROM THE SURVEY OF NEWBURGH, N. Y., ARE EXAMPLES OF A NEW ART OF PUBLICITY BY WHICH THE RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION ATTRACTS PUBLIC ATTENTION TO THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DRY FACTS

child helping comprises more than a score of books and pamphlets.

These activities of the Department of Child Helping are typical of the spirit and purpose and method of all ten departments whose coördinate work makes up the achievement of the Foundation.

The Russell Sage Foundation grew out of conversations between Mrs. Sage and Mr. Robert W. and Mr. Henry de Forest. These men were her legal advisers as well as her personal friends. They both have given liberally of money, time, and thought to philanthropic work, and Mrs. Sage was especially fortunate in having their advice in her search for a proper outlet for her philanthropic purposes. The purpose of the Foundation is "the improvement of social and living conditions in the United States," by any means

which shall seem expedient, including research, publication, education, and the establishment, aid, or maintenance of charitable or benevolent activities or institutions. In her letter of April 19, 1907, which is her deed of gift, Mrs. Sage further defines the scope of the Foundation, and makes plain the wide vision of its usefulness that lay behind her gift. In that letter she wrote:

The scope of the Foundation is not only national but it is broad. It should, however, preferably not undertake to do that which is now being done or is likely to be effectively done by other individuals or other agencies. It should be its aim to take up the larger and more difficult problems, and to take them up so far as possible in such a manner as to secure coöperation and aid in their solution. In some instances it may wisely initiate movements,

IS NEWBURGH SATISFIED WITH THIS SMALL SCHOOL EXPENDITURE?

SCHOOL COST PER PUPIL

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BETTER THAN CAMPAIGN SPEECHES TO INFLUENCE PUBLIC OPINION

THE APPEAL TO THE EYE IS PRACTICALLY INSTANTANEOUS AND FOR THAT REASON MORE EFFECTIVE THAN EITHER SPOKEN OR WRITTEN ARGUMENT

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General Education Board, and, incidentally, through pensions, by Mr. Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teac

ing. Aid to churches of all denomination was also eliminated from the purposes 1 the Foundation.

Since, in the summer of 1907, it be its work in two small offices in New Yor the Foundation has developed into institution that this fall will occupy : own 9-story building. It has ten dire divisions, each with a department head a staff of workers - apart from its indir work in coöperation with a score of oth: altruistic movements. It is in touch w

250 charity organization societies, libraries, 900 mayors, and 800 sch superintendents in the forty-eight state it distributes between 200,000 and 300,00 pieces of its own printed matter annua an average of a thousand every work day in the year.

The ten direct agencies of the Four tion, under the general direction of John M. Glenn, are the Charity Organi tion Department, the Department of C Helping, the Department of Recrea the Division of Education, the Divis of Remedial Loans, the Committee Women's Work, the Department of S veys and Exhibits, the Division of S istics, the Southern Highland Divis and the Library. As is entirely log in the scheme of an institution see permanent results, a great part of: work of the Foundation is among c ren - the men and women of the r generation.

As interesting and as important as. of the other work of the Foundation that of the Charity Organization Decment, directed by Miss Mary E. R. mond. This department studies the w of charity organizations in all parts the country, digests the informatie obtains, and acts as a clearing-house this information with the purpose of r the standards of charity work everyw it can. It seeks to eliminate duplicat of expenditure and time. It makes spe. studies in field work on its own account publishes its findings on them.

a special effort to get the best workers the fields where they can be most u

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