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violating the same, by knowingly assisting, or soliciting the importation of any alien to the United States to perform labor or service of any kind by reason of any offer, solicitation, promise or agreement to or with such alien shall forfeit and pay for every such offence $1,000, which may be sued for and recovered by the United States, or by any person who shall first bring his action therefor for his own benefit, including any such alien thus promised labor or service of any kind as aforesaid, as debts of like amount are now recovered in the courts of the United States: and separate suits may be brought for each alien thus promised labor or service. And it shall be the duty of the district attorney of the proper district to prosecute every such suit when brought by the United States. It shall be unlawful to assist or encourage the migration of any alien by a promise of employment through advertisements published in any foreign country; and any alien coming to this country in consequence of such an advertisement shall be treated as coming under a promise or agreement: Provided, That this section shall not apply to States or Territories, the District of Columbia, or places subject to the jurisdiction of the United States advertising the inducements they offer for immigration thereto, respectively. No transportation company or owner or owners of vessels or others engaged in transporting aliens into the United States shall, directly or through, agents, either by writing, printing, or oral representations, solicit the immigration of any aliens into the United States except by ordinary commercial letters, circulars, advertisements, or oral representations, stating the sailings of their vessels and terms and facilities of transportation therein; and for a violation of this provision any such transportation company and any such owner or owners of vessels, and all others engaged in transporting aliens to the United States, and the agents by them employed, shall be subjected to the penalties imposed by this act. Any person who shall bring into or land in the United States, by vessel or otherwise, or who shall attempt, by himself or through another, to bring into or land in the United States, by vessel or otherwise, any alien not duly admitted by an immigrant inspector, or not lawfully entitled to enter the United States, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, on conviction, be punished by a fine not exceeding $1,000 for each and every alien so landed or attempted to be landed. or by imprisonment for a term not less than three months nor more than two years, or by both such fine and imprisonment. And it shall be unlawful for any person, including any transportation company other than railway lines entering the United States from foreign contiguous territory, or the owner, master, agent, or consignee of any vessel, to bring to the United States any alien afflicted with a loathsome or with a dangerous contagious disease; and if it shall appear to the satisfaction of the Secretary of the Treasury that any alien so brought to the United States was afflicted with such a disease at the time of foreign embarkation, and that the existence of such disease might have been detected by means of a competent medical examination at such time, such person or transportation company or the master, agent, owner, or consignee of any such vessel shall pay to the collector of customs of the customs district in which the port of arrival is located the sum of $100 for each and every violation; and no vessel shall be granted clearance papers while any such fine imposed upon it remains unpaid, nor shall such fine be remitted.

Sections 10 to 21 regulate the inspection of arriving aliens to be made by the Immlgration Inspection Service, provide for the detention and deportation of ineligibles, and the punishment of vessel owners or masters not using due diligence to prevent the landing of such ineligibles. Sections 22 to 24 define the powers and duties of the Commissioner General of Immigration and provide that immigrant inspectors and other immigration officers and employes shall hereafter be appointed and their compensation fixed in accordance with the provisions of the Civil Service Act of January 16, 1883: Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed to alter the mode of appointing commissioners of immigration at the several ports of the United States as provided by the sundry civil appropriation act approved August 18, 1894, or the official status of such commissioners heretofore appointed. Sections 25 to 29 provide for the constitution of special boards of inquiry at the chief immigrant ports and give the Circuit and District courts full jurisdiction of cases arising under this act.

Sections 30 to 37 provide that all exclusive privileges of exchanging money, transporting passengers or baggage, or keeping eating houses, and all other like privileges in connection with any United States immigrant station, shall be disposed of after public competition. That no intoxicating liquors shall be sold in any such immigrant station, that all receipts accruing from the disposal of such exclusive privileges shall be paid into the United States Treasury to the credit of the immigrant fund, that the Commissioner General of Immigration shall prescribe such rules for the inspection of aliens along the borders of Canada and Mexico as shall not unneessarily delay or annoy passengers in ordinary travel, and that the provisions of this act shall not be construed to amend existing laws relating to the entry or exclusion of Chinese persons or persons of Chinese descent.

Sections 38 and 39 provide that no person who disbelieves in or who is opposed to all organized government, or who is a member of or affiliated with any organization entertaining and teaching such disbelief in or opposition to all organized government, or who advocates or teaches the duty, necessity, or propriety of the unlawful assaulting or killing of any officer or officers, either of specific individuals or of officers generally, of the Government of the United States or of any other organized government, because of his or their official character, shall be permitted to enter the United States or any Territory or place subject to the jurisdiction thereof. Any person who knowingly aids or assists any such person to enter the United States or any Territory or place subject to the jurisdiction thereof, or who conspires with any person or persons to permit any such person to enter therein, shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned for not less than one nor more than five years, or both."

General Staff

No person who disbelieves in or who is opposed to all organized government, or who is affiliated with any organization entertaining and teaching such disbelief in or opposition to all organized government, or who advocates or teaches the duty, necessity, or propriety of the unlawful assaulting or killing of any officer or officers, either of specific individuals or of officers generally, of the Government of the United States or of any other organized government, because of his or their official character, or who has violated any of the provisions of this act, shall be naturalized or be made a citizen of the United States. Any person who purposely procures naturalization in violation of the provisions of this section shall be fined not more than $5,000, or shall be imprisoned not less than one nor more than ten years, or both, and the court in which such conviction is had shall thereupon adjudge and declare the order or decree and all certificates admitting such person to citizenship null and void. Any person who knowingly aids, advises, or encourages any such person to apply for or to secure naturalization or to file the preliminary papers declaring an intent to become a citizen of the United States, or who in any naturalization proceeding knowingly procures or gives false testimony as to any material fact, or who knowingly makes an affidavit false as to any material fact required to be proved in such proceeding, shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not less than one nor more than ten years, or both. Section 34 prohibits the sale of intoxicating liquors of any sort within the limits of the Capitol Building at Washington. An act approved February 14, 1903, entitled "An act to increase the efficiency of the army," authorized the establishment of a General Staff Corps for the army, whose duties shall be to prepare plans for the national defence and for the mobilization of the military forces in time of war; to investifor the Army. gate and report upon all questions affecting the efficiency of the army and its state of preparation for military operations; to_render professional aid and assistance to the Secretary of War and to general officers and other superior commanders, and to act as their agents in informing and coordinating the action of all the different officers who are subject under the terms of this act to the supervision of the Chief of Staff; and to perform such other military duties not otherwise assigned by law as may be from time to time prescribed by the President. The General Staff Corps shall consist of one Chief of Staff and two general officers, all to be detailed by the President from officers of the army at large not below the grade of brigadier general; four colonels, six lieutenant colonels, and twelve majors, to be detailed from the corresponding grades in the army at large, under such rules for selection as the President may prescribe; twenty captains, to be detailed from officers of the army at large of the grades of captain or first lieutenant, who while so serving shall have the rank, pay and allowances of captain mounted. All officers detailed in the General Staff Corps shall be detailed therein for periods of four years, unless sooner relieved. While serving in the General Staff Corps, officers may be temporarily assigned to duty with any branch of the army. Upon being relieved from duty in the General Staff Corps, officers shall return to the branch of the army in which they hold permanent commission, and no officer shall be eligible to a further detail in the General Staff Corps until he shall have served two years with the branch of the army in which commissioned, except in case of emergency or in time of war. The Chief of Staff, under the direction of the President or of the Secretary of War, under the direction of the President, shall have supervision of all troops of the line and of the Adjutant General's, Inspector General's, Judge Advocate's, Quartermaster's, Subsistence, Medical, Pay and Ordnance departments, the Corps of Engineers and the Signal Corps, and shall perform such other military duties not otherwise assigned by law as may be assigned to him by the President. Duties hitherto prescribed by statute for the commanding general of the army as a member of the Board of Ordnance and Fortification and of the Board of Commissioners of the Soldiers' Home shail be performed by the Chief of Staff or other officers designated by the President. Acts and parts of acts authorizing aidsde-camp and military secretaries shall not apply to general officers of the General Staff Corps. The chief of artillery shall hereafter serve as an additional member of the General Staff and by and with the advice of the Senate shall have the rank, pay and allowances of a brigadier general, and when the next vacancy occurs in the office of brigadier general of the line, it shall not be filled, and thereafter the number of brigadier generals of the line, exclusive of the chief of artillery, shall not exceed fourteen. The General Staff Act took effect on August 15, 1903.

By an act approved January 21, 1903, entitled "An act to promote the efficiency of the militia and for other purposes," it is provided that the militia shall consist of every able bodied male citizen of the respective States, Territories, Nationalizing and the District of Columbia, and every able bodied male of the Militia. foreign birth who has declared his intention to become a citizen, who is more than eighteen and less than forty-five years of age, and shall be divided into two classes the organized militia, to be known as the National Guard of the State, Territory, or District of Columbia, or by such other designations as may be given them by the laws of the respective States or Territories, and the remainder to be known as the Reserve Militia.

Section 2 exempts from militia duty the Vice-President of the United States, the officers, judicial and executive, of the Government of the United States, the members and officers of each House of Congress, persons in the military or naval service of the United States, all custom house officers, with their clerks, postmasters and persons employed by the United States in the transmission of the mail, ferrymen employed at any ferry on a post road, artificers and workmen employed in the armories and arsenals of the United States, pilots, mariners actually employed in the sea service of any citizen or merchant within the United States, and all persons who are exempted by the laws of the respective States or Territories: Provided, That nothing

in this act shall be construed to require or compel any member of any well organized religious sect or organization at present organized and existing whose creed forbids its members to participate in war in any form, and whose religious convictions are against war or participation therein, in accordance with the creed of said religious organization, to serve in the militia or any other armed or volunteer force under the jurisdiction and authority of the United States.

Section 3 defines as the organized militia the regularly enlisted, organized, and uniformed active militia in the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia who have heretofore participated or shall hereafter participate in the apportionment of the annual appropriation provided by Section 1,661 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, as amended, whether known and designated as National Guard, militia, or otherwise. The organization, armament, and discipline of the organized militia in the several States and Territories and in the District of Columbia shall be the same as that which is now or may hereafter be prescribed for the regular and volunteer armies of the United States, within five years from the date of the approval of this act: Provided, That the President of the United States, in time of peace, may by order fix the minimum number of enlisted men in each company, troop, battery, signal corps, engineer corps and hospital corps: And provided further, That any corps of artillery, cavalry and infantry existing in any of the States at the passage of the act of May 8, 1792, which, by the laws, customs or usages of the said States have been in continuous existence since the passage of said act under its provisions and under the provisions of Section 232 and Sections 1,625 to 1,660, both inclusive, of Title sixteen of the Revised Statutes of the United States relating to the militia, shall be allowed to retain their accustomed privileges, subject, nevertheless, to all other duties required by law in like manner as the other militia. Sections 4 to 6 provide that whenever the United States is invaded, or in danger of invasion from any foreign nation, or of rebellion against the authority of the government of the United States, or the President is unable, with the other forces at his command, to execute the laws of the Union in any part thereof, it shall be lawful for the President to call forth, for a period aot exceeding nine months, such number of the militia of the State or of the States or Territories or of the District of Columbia as he may deem necessary to repel such invasion, suppress such rebellion, or to enable him to execute such laws, and to issue his orders for that purpose to such officers of the militia as he may think proper. Whenever the President calls forth militia to be employed in the service of the United States, he may specify in his call the period for which such service is required, not exceeding nine months, and the militia so called shall continue to serve during the term so specified, unless sooner discharged by order of the President. When the militia of more than one State is called into the actual service of the United States by the President he may, in his discretion, apportion them among such States or Territories or to the District of Columbia according to representative population.

Sections 7 to 11 provide for the mustering in and payment of the militia called into service. Section 12 requires the appointment for each State and Territory and for the District of Columbia of an Adjutant General, who shall make returns to the Secretary of War of the strength and condition of the organized militia. Section 13 provides for the issue of standard equipment to the militia organizations at the expense of the United States. Sections 14 and 15 provide for the payment of the militia, thus equipped, when in camp or on field service, and for the participation of the militia in regular army field and instruction manœuvres.

Section 16 authorizes the instruction at the federal government's expense of certain militia officers designated by Governors of States and Territories. Sections 17 and 18 provide for the issue of stores and supplies to the militia. But each State or Territory furnished with material of war shall, during the year next preceding each annual allotment of funds, in accordance with Section 1,661 of the Revised Statutes as amended, have required every company, troop and battery in its organized militia not excused by the Governor of such State or Territory to participate in practice marches or go into camp of instruction at least five consecutive days, and to assemble for drill and instruction at company, battalion or regimental armories or rendezvous or for target practice not less than twenty-four times, and shall also have required during such year an inspection of each such company, troop and battery to be made by an officer of such militia or an officer of the regular army.

Sections 19 to 21 provide for the detail of regular army officers to camps of instruction and for the inspection of target practice. Section 22 provides that when any officer, non-commissioned officer or private of the militia is disabled by reason of wounds or disabilities received or incurred in the service of the United States, he shall be entitled to all the benefits of the pension laws existing at the time of his service, and in case such officer, non-commissioned officer or private dies in the service of the United States or in returning to his place of residence after being mustered out of such service, or at any time, in consequnce of wounds or disabilities received in such service, his widow and children, if any, shall be entitled to all the benefits of such pension laws.

Section 23 establishes a list of eligibles for future volunteer appointments. It provides that for the purpose of securing a list of persons specially qualified to hold commissions in any volunteer force which may hereafter be called for and organized under the authority of Congress, other than a force composed of organized militia, the Secretary of War is authorized from time to time to convene boards of officers at army posts in different parts of the United States, who shall examine as to their qualifications for the command of troops or for the performance of staff duties all applicants who shall have served in the regular army of the United States, in any of the volunteer forces of the United States, or in the organized militia of any State

or Territory or of the District of Columbia, or who, being a citizen of the United States, shall have pursued a regular course of instruction in any military school or college of the United States Army, or shall have graduated from any educational institution to which an officer of the army or navy has been detailed as superintendent or professor after having creditably pursued the course of military instruction therein provided. Such examinations shall be under rules prescribed by the Secretary of War, and shall be especially directed to ascertain the practical capacity of the applicant. The record of previous service of the applicant shall be considered as a part of the examination,

Upon the conclusion of each examination the board shall certify to the War Department its judgment as to the fitness of the applicant, stating the office, if any, which it deems him qualified to fill, and. upon approval by the President, the names of the persons certified to be qualified shall be inscribed in a register to be kept in the War Department for that purpose. The persons so certified and registered shail, subject to a physical examination at the time, constitute an eligible class for commissions pursuant to such certificates in any volunteer force hereafter called for and organized under the authority of Congress, other than a force composed of organized militia, and the President may authorize persons from this class to attend and pursue a regular course of study at any military school or college of the United States other than the Military Academy at West Point and to receive from the annual appropriation for the support of the army the same allowances and commutations as provided in this act for officers of the organized militia: Provided, That no person shall be entitled to receive a commission as a second lieutenant after he shall have passed the ago of thirty; as first lieutenant after he shall have passed the age of thirty-five; as captain after he shall have passed the age of forty; as major after he shall have passed the age of forty-five; as lieutenant colonel after he shall have passed the age of fifty, or as colonel after he shall have passed the age of fifty-five: And provided further, That such appointments shall be distributed proportionately, as near as may be, among the various States contributing such volunteer force: And provided, That the appointments in this section provided for shall not be deemed to include appointments to any office in any company, troop, battery, battalion or regiment of the organized militia which volunteers as a body or the officers of which are appointed by the Governor of a State or Territory.

Coinage for the
Philippines.

By an act approved March 2, 1903, entitled "An act to establish a standard of value and to provide for a coinage system in the Philippine Islands,' "it is provided that the unit of value in the Philippine Islands shall be the gold reso consisting of twelve and nine-tenths grains of gold, ninetenths fine, said gold peso to become the unit of value when the government of the Philippine Islands shall have coined and ready. for, or in. circulation not less than five million of the silver pesos hereinafter provided for in this act, and the gold coins of the United States at the rate of $1 for two pesos hereinafter authorized to be coined shall be legal tender for all debts, public and private, in the Philippine Islands.

In addition to the coinage authorized for use in the Philippine Islands by the act of July 1, 1902, the government of the Philippine Islands is authorized to coin to an amount not exceeding seventy-five million pesos, for use in said islands, a silver coin of the denomination of one peso and of the weight of 416 grains, and the standard of said silver coins shall be such that of 1,000 parts, by weight, 900 shall be of pure metal and 100 hundred of alloy, and the alloy shall be of copper.

The silver Philippine peso authorized shall be legal tender in the Philippine Island for all debts, public and private, unless otherwise specifically provided by contract: Provided, That debts contracted prior to December 31, 1903, may be paid in the legal tender currency of said islands existing at the time of the making of said contracts, unless otherwise expressly provided by contract.

Section 77 of the act of July 1, 1902, is hereby amended so that it shall read: "That the government of the Philippine Islands is authorized to coin for use in said islands a coin of the denomination of fifty centavos and of the weight of two hundred and eight grains, a coin of the denomination of twenty centavos and of the weight of eighty-three and ten-one-hundredths grains, and a coin of the denomination of ten centavos and of the weight of forty-one and fifty-five-one-hundredths grains; and the standard of said silver coins shall be such that of 1,000 narts, by weight, 900 shall be of pure metal and 100 of alloy, and the alloy shall be of copper."

The Philippine peso herein authorized and the subsidiary silver coins authorized by Section 77 of the act of July 1, 1902, as amended, shall be coined under the authority of the government of the Philippine Islands in such amounts as it may determine, with the approval of the Secretary of War of the United States, except as limited in this act, from silver bullion purchased by said government, with the approval of the Secretary of War of the United States: Provided, That said government may, in its discretion, in lieu of the purchase of bullion, recoin any of the silver coins now in or hereafter received by the treasury of the government of the Philippine Islands into the coins provided for in this act or in the act of July 1, 1902, as herein amended, at such rate and under such regulations as it may prescribe; and the subsidiary silver coins authorized by this act and by the act of July 1, 1902, shall be legal tender in said islands to the amount of $10.

The coinage authorized by this act shall be subject to the conditions and limitations of the provisions of the act of July 1, 1902, except as herein otherwise provided; and the government of the Philippine Islands may adopt such measures as it may deem proper, not inconsistent with said act of July 1, 1902, to maintain the value of the silver Philippine peso at the rate of one gold peso, and in order to maintain such parity between said silver Philippine pesos and the gold pesos herein provided for, and

for no other purpose, may issue temporary certificates of indebtedness, bearing interest at a rate not to exceed 4 per centum annually, payable at periods of three months or more, but not later than one year from the date of issue, which shall be in the denominations of $25, or fifty pesos, or some multiple of such sum, and shall be redeemable in gold coin of the United States, or in lawful money of said islands, according to the terms of issue prescribed by the government of said islands; but the amount of such certificates outstanding at any one time shall not exceed $10,000,000, or twenty million pesos, and said certificates shall be exempt from the payment of all taxes or duties of the government of the Philippine Islands, or any local authority therein, or of the government of the United States, as well as from taxation in any form by or under any State, municipal or local authority in the United States or the Philippine Islands: Provided, That all the proceeds of said certificates shall be used exclusively for the maintenance of said parity, as herein provided, and for no other purpose, except that a sum not exceeding $3,000,000 at any one time may be used as a continuing credit for the purchase of silver bullion in execution of the provisions of this act.

The Mexican silver dollar now in use in the Philippine Islands and the silver coins heretofore issued by the Spanish Government for use in said islands shall be receivable for public dues at a rate to be fixed from time to time by the proclamation of the civil governor of said islands until such date, not earlier than the first day of January, 1904, as may be fixed by public proclamation of said civil governor, when such coins shall cease to be so receivable: Provided, That the public offices of the government of said islands shall give a preference for all public dues to the silver pesos and the silver certificates authorized by this act, and may at any time refuse to receive such Mexican dollars and Spanish coins as may appear to be counterfeit or defective.

The treasurer of the Philippine Islands is authorized to receive deposits of the standard silver coins of one peso authorized by this act to be coined, at the treasury of the government of said islands or any of its branches, in sums of not less than twenty pesos, and to issue silver certificates therefor in denominations of not less than two nor more than ten pesos, and coin so deposited shall be retained in the treasury and held for the payment of such certificates on demand, and used for no other purpose. certificates shall be receivable for customs, taxes, and for all public dues in the Philippine Islands, and when so received may be reissued, and when held by any banking association in said islands may be counted as a part of its lawful reserve.

Such

Sections 9 to 12 provide for the coinage of the pesos thus authorized, and Section 13 declares that Section 78 of the act of July 1, 1902, and all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act, and all p ovisions of law in force in the Philippine Islands making any form of money legal tender after December 31, 1903, except as provided in this act, are hereby repealed.

By an act approved February 9, 1903, a system of extradition with the Philippines was established. The act provided that Section 1,014 of the Revised Statutes, so far as applicable, shall apply throughout the United States Extradition to and for the arrest and removal therefrom to the Philippine from the Philippines. Islands of any fugitive from justice charged with the commission of any crime against the United States within the Philippine Islands, and shall apply within the Philippine Islands for the arrest and removal therefrom to the United States of any fugitive from justice charged with the commission of any crime against the United States. Such fugitive may, by any judge or magistrate of the Philippine Islands, and agreeably to the usual mode of process against offenders therein, be arrested and imprisoned, or bailed, as the may be, pending the issuance of a warrant for his 1emoval to the United States, which warrant it shall pe the duty of a judge of the court of first instance seasonably to issue, and of the officer or agent of the United States designated for the purpose to execute. Such officer or agent, when engaged in executing such warrant without the Philippine Islands, shall have all the powers of a marshal of the United States so far as such powers are requisite for the prisoner's safe keepinig and the execution of the warrant, and the provisions of Sections 5,278 and 5,279 of the Revised Statutes, so far as applicable, shall apply to the Philippine Islands, which, for the purposes of said sections, shall be deemed a Territory within the meaning thereof.

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By an act approved January 14, 1903, entitled "An act relating to Hawaiian silver coinage and silver certificates," provision is made for retiring such coins and certificates and substituting United States silver coins for them. Hawaiian Hawailan coins will be received as legal tender until January 1, Silver Coinage. 1904, and Hawaiian silver certificates must be redeemed and cancelled by the Territorial Government before January 1, 1905. Exchange of Hawaiian coins at their face value for United States coins is to be made through United States collectors of customs or internal revenue stationed in Hawait. All Hawaiian coins thus received are to be reconverted at the San Francisco mint into United States subsidiary coinage.

An act approved January 30, 1903, entitled "An act to promote the efficiency of the Philippine constabulary," provided that officers of the regular army may be detailed for service as chief and assistant chiefs, the said The Philippine assistant chiefs not to exceed in number four, of the Philippine Constabulary. constabulary, and that during the continuance of such details the officer serving as chief shall have the rank, pay and allowances of brigadier general, and the officers serving as assistant chiefs shall have the rank, pay and allowances of colonel: Provided, That the difference between the pay and allowances of brigadier general and colonel, s herein provided, and the pay and allowances of the officers so detailed in the grades from which they are detailed shall be paid out of the Philippine treasury. Companies of Philippine scouts ordered to

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